Feeding Habits and Trophic Level of the Panama Grunt Pomadasys panamensis

The Panama grunt is an abundant and commercially important species in the southeastern Gulf of California, but the research undertaken on this species is scarce despite its ecological and economic importance. We studied the feeding habits of Panama grunt through stomach content analyses as a first step towards understanding the biology of this species in the study area. Our results indicate that the Panama grunt is a benthic predator throughout its life cycle and feeds mainly on infaunal crustaceans. Diet differences among grunt were not found according to size, diet, or season. Shannon diversity index results indicate that Panama grunt has a limited trophic niche breadth with a diet dominated by a limited number of taxa as crustaceans. The estimated trophic level of this species is 3.59. Overall, the Panama grunt is a carnivorous fish occupying the intermediate levels of the trophic pyramid

Las técnicas de aprendizaje grupal como parte o fundamento de las asignaturas de grado: propuestas del equipo docente de Trabajo Colaborativo de la UPCT

[SPA]El aprendizaje por competencias en el que se basan las titulaciones de Grado presupone el análisis previo de los objetivos a alcanzar con cada una de las asignaturas que las conforman. Delimitados los objetivos y las competencias genéricas y específicas de una asignatura, el docente debe planificar la tarea de aprendizaje que ha de llevar a su logro, pudiéndose valer para ello de técnicas de aprendizaje colaborativo. La dificultad encontrada a la hora de planificar o poner en práctica tales tareas de aprendizaje lleva a la necesidad de adquirir una cierta formación en su empleo. Es en este contexto, donde se desarrolla la labor del equipo docente de Trabajo Colaborativo de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. La presente comunicación recoge la labor desarrollada por este equipo de trabajo desde su constitución, con las propuestas individuales de cada uno de sus integrantes, en las que se justifica el interés por las nuevas metodologías docentes; así como por la selección de concretas técnicas de aprendizaje en grupo, en función de los objetivos y competencias que se quieren conseguir. [ENG]The learning throughout competences, applied in the new universities degress, involves the previous analysis of the targets in each considered subjetc. Once the aims and the generic and specific competences are delimited for each subjetc, the teacher have to planify the learning procedure to reach this objective. The colabotarive learning techniques are an important tool in this context. The application of these techniquee are not as easy as is expected. The Colaborative Learning team of the Universidad de Cartagena develops an important role in this context. This paper shows the work which has been developed by this group from its beginning. We expose the proposals of each member in which they justify their interest in applying the new teaching tecniques and their learning goals to reach the specific competences of each subjetc.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Aspectos de la ecología, las pesquerías y la biogeografía de los peces costeros de Michoacán y Colima, México

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Juan Madrid Vera para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizada bajo la dirección del Dra. Pilar Sánchez Zalacaín del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 247 pagesPeer Reviewe

[Tratos de Juan Madrid, capellán que cambió con Rodrigo de Vera, sacristán de Bolea, una viña en el Brazal que limita con viña de los monjes de Bolea, con viña de Don Montesinos, justicia, y con acequia vecinal, por una viña en el término de Ainzón, que confronta con viña de Pedro Zapatero, acequia vecinal y viña de Exemen de Navascués, y 1000 sueldos jaqueses] [Manuscrito]

Carta partida en A, B, CSigno de Pedro Olicho Navascues, notario público de Borj

Longitud, peso y sexo del dorado Coryphaena hippurus (Perciformes: Coryphaenidae), del litoral de Sinaloa, Nayarit y Baja California Sur, México

Poblaciones de dorado (Pisces) fueron muestreadas en Sinaloa, Nayarit y Baja Califonia Sur, México, en 1997. Unos 3 211 organismos fueron analizados. Las tallas máximas fueron de 192 cm y 30 kg. Hay diferentes tallas asociadas a las zonas y épocas climática (P < 0.05). Las relaciones del peso y la longitud son diferentes (P < 0.05), para totales y sexos. El factor de condición fue alto en Mazatlán y hay gran variación en primavera. La proporción se sexual fue constante en Mazatlán, y hubo mayoría de machos en Nayarit, en otoño y primavera y en primavera en Los cabos. Pueden existir diferencias entre poblaciones costeras del Pacífico y Baja California.Dolphin fish population data were recorded from landings in Sinaloa, Nayarit and Baja Califonia Sur, Mexico, in 1997. Of 3 211 organisms, only 2 812 produced complete biometric data. The maximal length and weight were 192 cm and 30 kg. The three sampling sites and the climatic periods also were associated with different size (P < 0.05). The covariate analysis of weight and length relationships indicated significative differences (P < 0.05) for total data and by sex. Condition factor was higher throughout the study period in Mazatlán, and the variation was higher, in the spring. The sexual ratio was in Mazatlán constant, while there were more males in Nayarit in the fall and the spring and in Los Cabos in the spring. There may be population differences, between the central mexican Pacific Coast and the Peninsula of Baja dat

Análisis comparativo de tres sistemas de pesca artesanal

Two craftsmanship-type fishing systems of the Mexican Pacific and one of the Spanish Mediterranean are analyzed, as regards production aspects, biological diversity and management, order to establish the degree in which they are determining for the development of this activity. Despite geographical and cultural differences, similarities were observed between the production systems although there we re important differences regarding their organization. In the Mexican Systems, capital for maintenance and improvement of facilities and equipment is limited, being reflected in the level of life of the operators, as opposed to the Spanish system. The infrastructure, as well as the presence of training centers were not determining. Differences are attributable to customs and policies for diversifying consumption and to capital investments, as well as to a particular regulation of fishing efforts (number of vessels per day) and production marketing in Spanish fisheries, whose feasibility is discussed for Mexican fisheries

Composition of trawl catch fauna off the mouth of the Rio Baluarte, southeastern Gulf of California

9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tablesFrom April to December 2007, experimental trawls (n = 44, 4 to 22 m depth) were made off the mouth of the Rio Baluarte ecosystem (MRB) and compared to experimental trawls (n = 54, 7 to 40 m) in the adjacent offshore region (AOR) from 2002 to 2007. For both ecosystems, a total of 143 species belonging to 5 phyla were collected. Fishes comprised ca. 80% of the bycatch biomass, while molluscs and echinoderms contributed <20% bycatch. Eight species accounted for 50% of the numerical abundance: the crab Portunus asper (11%), the Panama grunt Pomadasys panamensis (8%), the curvina Stellifer ericymba (7%), the comb sand star Astropecten armatus (6%), the fishes Orthopristis chalceus (6%) and Larimus effulgens (4%), and the crabs Callinectes arcuatus (4%) and Hepatus kossmani (3%). Species with a high or medium survival rate with respect to trawling activity were well represented in the samples, e.g. the crabs C. arcuatus, H. kossmani, and Euphilax robustus, the hermit crab Petrochirus californiensis, and the sea star Luidia brevispina. For the MRB and AOR, the estimated mean biomass was 2.08 and 0.72 t km-2, respectively. The population of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris and white shrimp L. vannamei was composed of recruits, juveniles, spawners, and old individuals, whereas for grunts it was composed of recruits and juveniles, but rarely old individuals. The high diversity, population structure, and productivity of the studied fauna has positive effects, such as enabling the recruitment for coastal marine fisheries. This is an important reason to protect the river mouth and the adjacent shallow watersE. Visauta was supported by a fellowship of Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (MAE-AECI)Peer Reviewe