Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Military Veterans’ Attitude on the Value of Exercise as a Means of Coping with Stress

McVaugh, C.S.1, Stevens, W.C.1, Roar, J.D.1, Bolt, M.C.1 and Williams, J.G.1,2 1 West Chester University, West Chester, PA, 2Kinestech Consulting. Throughout history the United States military has been involved in numerous wars. Returning veterans are confronted with obstacles that are overwhelming and must ultimately be resolved through individual action. Purpose: To survey a population of veterans located on a university campus about their military-related exercise experience, attitude towards exercise and whether physical activity was employed as a therapeutic catalyst in coping with stress. Method: Participants were contacted through the campus Veteran’s Center by email with a request to activate a link to an electronic questionnaire. Questions were grouped into four categories: military background, military-related physical training, mood/ “state-of-mind”, and extra-curricular physical activity. The study was approved by the institution’s IRB. Results: Thirty seven veterans responded. Over three-quarters (78.4%, n=29) indicated that a healthy lifestyle was a priority before entering the service. Thirty were deployed and twenty-two served in a combat role. Using a scale of 1 (extremely easy) to 10 (extremely rigorous) respondents judged the rigor of their military physical training (PT). The mean response was 7.5 with 28 indicating it was “adequately rigorous”. During their deployment 25 did PT on their own with 60.7% performing a combination of strength and cardiovascular training while 35.7% did strength training alone. When asked whether anger was an issue prior to, during or after deployment, respondents indicated “yes” 13.9% (n=5), 47.2% (n=17) and 50.0% (n=18) respectively. When confronting negative situations or emotions 88.9% (n=32) indicated that exercise helps. Over two-thirds (70.3%, n=26) stated that physical activity helps them sleep better and 61.1% (n=22) revealed more restful sleep on days when they exercised. Thirty one (86.1%) respondents stated participation in outdoor activities. Conclusions: Physical activity, including physical training was engaged in by the majority of veterans surveyed along with indications that it assists in coping with issues of anger as well as the transition back to civilian life. Trend in these results suggests that variants of exercise activity should be advised in the process, often problematic transfer, from military to civilian life

Systeemanalyse voor het stroomgebied de Krimpenerwaard fase 3

Voor het project ‘Meerjarig monitoringsprogramma naar de uit- en afspoeling van nutriënten vanuit landbouwgronden in stroomgebieden en polders’ wordt, als vervolg op een eerder afgeronde systeemverkenning, een systeemanalyse uitgevoerd voor het stroomgebied de Krimpenerwaard. Deze systeemanalyse wordt gefaseerd uitgevoerd. Uit rapport geeft de resultaten weer van Fase 3. In de verschillende fases, waarin een meetprogramma en modelberekeningen zijn geïntegreerd, wordt gestreefd naar een operationeel, geoptimaliseerd, gebiedspecifiek monitoringsysteem, waarmee de bijdrage van de landbouw aan de belasting van het oppervlaktewater door nutriënten kan worden gekwantificeerd en waarmee de effecten van het mestbeleid en veranderingen binnen het stroomgebied kunnen worden gevolgd en voorspeld. In het modelsysteem Fase 3 zijn alle relevante bronnen op stroomgebiedniveau meegenome

Systeemanalyse voor het stroomgebied de Drentse Aa fase 3

Voor het project ‘Meerjarig monitoringsprogramma naar de uit- en afspoeling van nutriënten vanuit landbouwgronden in stroomgebieden en polders’ is een systeemanalyse uitgevoerd voor het stroomgebied van de Drentse Aa. Deze systeemanalyse wordt gefaseerd uitgevoerd. Dit rapport geeft de resultaten weer van Fase 3. In het modelsysteem Fase 3 zijn alle relevante bronnen op stroomgebiedniveau meegenome

A research on human body symbols as a meansof expression for contemporary ceramıc(s) art

Bu araştırma insan bedeni sembollerinin seramikte kullanımı ve çağdaş seramik sanatçılarının eserleriyle değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tarih öncesi çağlarda ilk insanın mağara duvarlarına çizdiği resimler sembolik bir arayışın ürünleri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sembolik ifadeler; insanın doğadan edindiği izlenimlerle birlikte, sanatın temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda insan, çevresiyle etkileşime geçtiğinde duygu ve düşüncelerini, aklını kullanarak, bu birlikten doğan sonuçla sembolleri yaşamının her alanında kullanmaya başlamıştır. Sembolik düşünmeye başlayan insan kendi bedenini ve diğer bedenleri keşfetmeye başlar. Onu algılayabilmek, öğrenmek ve şekillendirebilmek ancak onu en iyi şekilde tanımayla kazanılır. Duygu ve düşünceleri sembollerle ifade etme anlayışı insanlar için bir anlamda ihtiyaçtır. Sembolik düşünmeyi başarabilen insan, yine duygu ve düşüncelerini aktarırken soyut olanı somutlama yolunda ilerlerken sembollerle anlatabilme yetisine sahiptir. Beden belli bir zamana, toplumsal işleyişe ve alana işaret eder. İnsan ve insan bedeni sembollerinin en eskisi ve en evrenseli olması da bundan kaynaklanır. İnsan bedeni yaşamı, ölümü, cinselliği içinde barındırdığı için yaşamın somutlaştığı bir alan haline de gelmektedir. Bu somutlaşmayı sağlayan insanoğlu, sembolleri kullanarak insan bedenini daha okunur hale getirmiştir. İnsan bedeninin belli bölümlerinin sembolik ifadeye dökülmesi, anlam ve dönemsel özelliklerinin bilinmesi ve bu anlamda çağdaş seramik sanatçılarının eserleri, yeni bir yönelim ve bakış açısı kazanma sağlaması açısından önem taşımaktadır.This research has been tried to be evaluated with the usage of the symbols of human body on ceramics and the works of contemporary ceramic artists. The images that were drawn on the cave walls by the primitive men in the prehistoric ages emerged as the products of a symbolic quest. These symbolic expressions, together with the impressions taken from the nature by men, generated the basis of art. In this regard, humans, upon using their minds, emotions, and thoughts while interacting their surroundings, started using the symbols that were born out of this unity on every field of life. A human that starts thinking symbolically discovers his body and then other bodies. Sensing, learning and shaping it can only be achieved by getting to know it ideally. In a sense, the conception of expressing the emotions and thoughts via symbols is a necessity for humans. Humans that achieve to think symbolically also have the ability to use symbols on transmitting their emotions and thoughts while concreting what is abstract. The body points out to a certain time period, social functioning and area. This is the reason why the human body symbols are the oldest and most universal ones. Human and also becomes a field in which the life turns concrete since it contains life, death and sexuality. The human and human being that has procured this concretization made the human body more legible by using symbols. With regards to symbolically articulating the human and certain parts of human body and getting to know their meanings and their periodical features, works of contemporary ceramic artists are essential in order to be able to gain new tendencies and perspectives