Childhood and Cinema: notes on a relationship between visual machinery and identity

This paper reflects on the role of cinema machine in the construction of children’s identity. Along with discussing some conceptual issues around visual language, two lines of inquiry are offered through which we try to demonstrate the performative nature of the cinematographic image in the production of childhood: the use of the film camera in psychology research of childhood and an analysis of some tropes of childhood that emerge in contemporary Chilean cinema

Population health diagnosis with an ecohealth approach

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of health diagnosis according to the ecohealth approach in rural and urban communities in Mexico.METHODS Health diagnosis were conducted in La Nopalera, from December 2007 to October 2008, and in Atlihuayan, from December 2010 to October 2011. The research was based on three principles of the ecohealth approach: transdisciplinarity, community participation, gender and equity. To collect information, a joint methodology and several techniques were used to stimulate the participation of inhabitants. The diagnostic exercise was carried out in five phases that went from collecting information to prioritization of problems.RESULTS The constitution of the transdisciplinary team, as well as the participation of the population and the principle of gender/equity were differentials between the communities. In the rural community, the active participation of inhabitants and authorities was achieved and the principles of transdisciplinarity and gender/equity were incorporated.CONCLUSIONS With all the difficulties that entails the boost in participation, the incorporation of gender/equity and transdisciplinarity in health diagnosis allowed a holistic public health approach closer to the needs of the population.The constitution of the transdisciplinary team, as well as the participation of the population and the principle of gender/equity were differentials between the communities. In the rural community, the active participation of inhabitants and authorities was achieved and the principles of transdisciplinarity and gender/equity were incorporatedOBJETIVO Analizar las características del diagnóstico de salud según el enfoque de ecosalud en comunidades rural y urbana en México.MÉTODOS Los diagnósticos de salud se efectuaron en La Nopalera, de diciembre 2007 a octubre 2008 y en Atlihuayan de diciembre 2010 a octubre de 2011. Se basó en tres principios del enfoque de ecosalud: transdiciplina, participación comunitaria, género y equidad. Para colectar la información se utilizó una metodología mixta y diversas técnicas para estimular la participación de los habitantes. El ejercicio de diagnóstico se efectuó en cinco fases que oscilaron desde la recolección de información hasta la priorización de problemas.RESULTADOS La constitución del equipo transdisciplinario, así como la participación de la población y el principio de género/equidad fue diferencial entre las comunidades. En la comunidad rural, se logró la participación activa de los pobladores y autoridades y se incorporaron los principios de transdisciplina y género/equidad.CONCLUSIONES Con todas las dificultades que acarrea el impulso de la participación, la incorporación del género/equidad y la transdisciplina en el diagnóstico de salud, permitió un abordaje holístico de salud pública más cercano a las necesidades de la población

Desarrollo in vitro de la orquídea epífita Erycina hyalinobulbon (Orchidaceae), endémica de México, para promover su conservación

Background and Aims: Orchids in Mexico are mainly threatened by deforestation, changes in land use, illegal trade, deficiencies in environmental policy and legislation, and a lack of community participation in the conservation of their forests. Erycina hyalinobulbon is an endemic twig epiphyte orchid with a short life cycle and with large flowers in relation to its size, for which it has been harvested from its wild populations. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the in vitro development of E. hyalinobulbon in culture media with organic supplements, to compare sucrose vs. N’Joy Stevia® as a carbon source for its initial stages of development, and to evaluate the development of its seedlings in media enriched with plant growth regulators (PGR).Methods: For the sowing of seeds, PhytamaxTM and MS medium at 30% of its basal salts were used in combination with organic supplement (coconut milk, pineapple puree and banana puree), along with the Phy medium used as control. In order to measure the effect of sucrose vs. N´Joy Stevia® as a carbon source, these two treatments were used, with the PhytamaxTM medium. To evaluate the development of seedlings with PGR, three treatments were tested: the 100% PhytamaxTM control, 30% PhytamaxTM with 1.166 ml/l of Maxi-grow and the medium Chiu.Key results: PhytamaxTM medium added with banana promoted germination by 9.3%, being a low cost and easy production option. Ninety days after sowing, N´Joy Stevia® as a carbon source promoted germination by 8%. The best development of the seedlings was registered in the medium PhytamaxTM without PGR.Conclusions: With this study, it was possible to develop an accessible in vitro propagation system for E. hyalinobulbon, in order to sustainably manage it and favor its conservation.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las orquídeas en México están amenazadas principalmente por deforestación, cambios de uso de suelo, comercio ilegal, carencias en la legislación y política ambiental y por una falta de participación de las comunidades para la conservación de sus bosques. Erycina hyalinobulbon es una orquídea endémica epífita de ramilla con un ciclo de vida corto y grandes flores en relación a su tamaño, por lo que ha sido extraída de sus poblaciones silvestres. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar el desarrollo in vitro de E. hyalinobulbon en medios de cultivo con suplementos orgánicos, comparar la sacarosa vs. N´Joy Stevia® como fuente de carbono en sus primeras etapas de desarrollo y evaluar el desarrollo de sus plántulas con medios enriquecidos con reguladores de crecimiento vegetal (PGR).Métodos: Para la siembra de semillas los medios de cultivo PhytamaxTM y MS, a 30% de sus sales basales, fueron utilizados con suplementos orgánicos (leche de coco, puré de piña y puré de plátano), utilizando el medio Phy como control. Para poder medir el efecto de la sacarosa vs. N´Joy Stevia®, se utilizaron estos dos tratamientos con el medio PhytamaxTM. Para evaluar el desarrollo de plántulas con PGR, se hicieron tres tratamientos: control de PhytamaxTM 100%, PhytamaxTM 30% con 1.166 ml/l de Maxi-grow y el medio Chiu.Resultados clave: El medio PhytamaxTM adicionado con plátano promovió la germinación en 9.3%, siendo una opción de bajo costo y fácil producción. A los noventa días de efectuada la siembra, N´Joy Stevia® como fuente de carbono promovió la germinación con 8%. El mejor desarrollo de las plántulas se obtuvo en el medio PhytamaxTM sin PGR.Conclusiones: Con este estudio se logró desarrollar un sistema de propagación in vitro de E. hyalinobulbon accesible para poder manejarla sustentablemente y favorecer su conservación

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Large-scale structure catalogues for cosmological analysis

We present large-scale structure catalogues from the completed extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). Derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) IV Data Release 16 (DR16), these catalogues provide the data samples, corrected for observational systematics, and random positions sampling the survey selection function. Combined, they allow large-scale clustering measurements suitable for testing cosmological models. We describe the methods used to create these catalogues for the eBOSS DR16 Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) and Quasar samples. The quasar catalogue contains 343 708 redshifts with 0.8 1000 km s−1). For quasars, these rates are 95 and 2 per cent (with Δz > 3000 km s−1). We apply corrections for trends between the number densities of our samples and the properties of the imaging and spectroscopic data. For example, the quasar catalogue obtains a χ2/DoF = 776/10 for a null test against imaging depth before corrections and a χ2/DoF= 6/8 after. The catalogues, combined with careful consideration of the details of their construction found here-in, allow companion papers to present cosmological results with negligible impact from observational systematic uncertainties

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July