1,038 research outputs found
Adherence to the planetary health diet index and obesity indicators in the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil)
The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a model diet to improve the health of human beings and that of the planet. Recently, we proposed the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) to assess adherence of the population to this model diet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate adherence to the PHDI and obesity outcomes using baseline data from 14, 515 participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The dietary data were assessed using a 114-item FFQ. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were both used continuously and cat-egorized. Linear and multinomial regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors were performed to assess the relationship between adherence to PHDI and outcomes. An inverse association was observed between adherence to PHDI and obesity indicators. Individuals with high adherence to the PHDI had lower BMI (Ă-0.50 95% CI-0.73:-0.27) and WC (Ă-1.70 95% CI-2.28:-1.12) values. They were also 24% less likely to be overweight (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.67:0.85) or obese (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.65:0.88), and they were 14% and 27% less likely to have increased WC (OR 0.86 95% CI 0.75:0.98) or substantially increased WC (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.64:0.83) than those with lower adherence. Our results showed that higher adherence to the PHDI may decrease obesity in-dicators. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Review of the Commission Decision 2010/477/EU concerning MSFD criteria for assessing Good Environmental Status, Descriptor 7
This report represents the result of the scientific and technical review of Commission Decision 2010/477/EU in relation to Descriptor 7. The review has been carried out by the EC JRC together with experts nominated by EU Member States, and has considered contributions from the GES Working Group in accordance with the roadmap set out in the MSFD implementation strategy (agreed on at the 11th CIS MSCG meeting).
The report is one of a series of reports (review manuals) including Descriptor 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 that conclude phase 1 of the review process and, as agreed within the MSFD Common Implementation Strategy, are the basis for review phase 2, towards an eventual revision of the Commission Decision 2010/477/EU.
The report presents the state of the technical discussions as of 30 April 2015 (document version 7.0: ComDecRev_D7_V7.0_FINAL.docx), as some discussions are ongoing, it does not contain agreed conclusions on all issues.
The document does not represent an official, formal position of any of the Member States and the views expressed in the document are not to be taken as representing the views of the European Commission.JRC.H.1-Water Resource
The Localization Transition of the Two-Dimensional Lorentz Model
We investigate the dynamics of a single tracer particle performing Brownian
motion in a two-dimensional course of randomly distributed hard obstacles. At a
certain critical obstacle density, the motion of the tracer becomes anomalous
over many decades in time, which is rationalized in terms of an underlying
percolation transition of the void space. In the vicinity of this critical
density the dynamics follows the anomalous one up to a crossover time scale
where the motion becomes either diffusive or localized. We analyze the scaling
behavior of the time-dependent diffusion coefficient D(t) including corrections
to scaling. Away from the critical density, D(t) exhibits universal
hydrodynamic long-time tails both in the diffusive as well as in the localized
phase.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures
Results from the application of new active methodologies for the toxicology subject learning
Con el fin de adaptar la asignatura de ToxicologĂa (tercer curso) a los nuevos planes de estudio
europeos del Grado de Farmacia, se han introducido nuevas metodologĂas activas basadas
principalmente en el trabajo personal y en la participación del alumno en el proceso de enseñanza
aprendizaje.
La introducciĂłn de las nuevas metodologĂas activas tiene como objetivos un aumento de la capacidad
de sĂntesis, anĂĄlisis y esquematizaciĂłn por parte del alumnado, un aumento de la participaciĂłn y del
trabajo en grupo y la formaciĂłn en competencias como el manejo de fuentes bibliogrĂĄficas y la
bĂșsqueda de informaciĂłn. El fin Ășltimo es mejorar la calidad de la docencia aumentando el interĂ©s de
los alumnos por los conocimientos adquiridos mediante una forma de enseñanza mås participativa,
dinĂĄmica y prĂĄctica que ademĂĄs relacione los contenidos teĂłricos con la prĂĄctica en un futuro
profesional aportando al alumno una visiĂłn mĂĄs cercana a la realidad.
Para incentivar la participaciĂłn de forma voluntaria por parte del alumno se ha propuesto la
realizaciĂłn de una de dos posibles actividades independientes, pero complementarias: 1) preparaciĂłn
de tres temas inéditos en pregrado y 2) resolución de dos problemas (ABP) para lo que tuvieron que
aplicar conocimientos adquiridos en clases teĂłricas. Ăstas se realizaron de forma tutorizada y
supervisada por los profesores del Ărea. AdemĂĄs se contĂł positivamente la asistencia a clases teĂłricas
y a dos conferencias impartidas por expertos en las ĂĄreas de ToxicologĂa Forense y de ToxicologĂa
Alimentaria.
La valoraciĂłn de la experiencia ha sido positiva ya que se consiguiĂł un aumento de la asistencia a clase y de la participaciĂłn por parte de los alumnos, todo ello ademĂĄs se vio reflejado en una mejora de las calificaciones obtenidas.In order to adapt the subject of Toxicology to the new curricula in Europe, new active methodologies
have introduced. They are mainly based in personal work and student participation in the process of
teaching-learning.
The introduction of new active methodologies aims to increase the capacity for synthesis, analysis and
schematize in our students, as well as to increase its participation and group work and training in skills
such as handling and searching bibliographical sources information. The ultimate goal is to improve
the quality of teaching by increasing students' interest for knowledge gained through a more
participatory form of education, dynamic and practical. In addition, students would be asked to
interrelating theory contents with future professional practice by providing students a closer vision to reality. To encourage voluntary participation by the student, it was proposed to perform one of two
independent but complementary activities: a) preparation of three new lessons in undergraduate
classes; and 2) resolution of two problems (ABP) for what they had to apply theoretical knowledge
acquired. These were carried out tutored and supervised by teachers of the area. In addition,
attendance to theory classes and to lectures given by experts in the fields of Forensic Toxicology and
Food was positively marked.
The assessment of the experience was positive because an increase in class attendance and
participation by students was achieved, which was also reflected in an improvement in grades
The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays.
It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level
and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the
atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the
information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the
hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in
coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A
detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is
crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of
monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the
fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are
used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic
Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory
Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for
anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The
exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly
larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support
previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an
upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic
Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from
Sagittarius . Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and
fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing
accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not
show any significant localized excess from this direction.Comment: Matches published versio
Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter
Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed
evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{eV}. The
anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less
than from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc
(using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron catalog). An updated
measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of
cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009.
The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more
precise measurement. The correlating fraction is , compared
with expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early
estimate of . The enlarged set of arrival directions is
examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects:
galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in
hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the
position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions
relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is
shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic
expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201
Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density,
affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic
rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air
showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The
rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find
that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects
associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the
longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere
radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is
validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric
profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle
Physic
The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy
cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at
ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development
of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector
comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen
fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this
paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its
optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for
relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the
monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and
precision of shower reconstructions.Comment: 53 pages. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research Section
Advanced functionality for radio analysis in the Offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) necessitates the
development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of
cosmic ray air showers. As AERA performs "radio-hybrid" measurements of air
shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and
fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the radio analysis
functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions
for fluoresence and surface detector data. This goal has been achieved in a
natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with
radio functionality. In this article, we lay out the design, highlights and
features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework. Its
functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced
features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field, advanced
signal processing algorithms, a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs, a
very detailed simulation of detector effects, and the read-in of multiple data
formats including data from various radio simulation codes. The source code of
this radio functionality can be made available to interested parties on
request.Comment: accepted for publication in NIM A, 13 pages, minor corrections to
author list and references in v
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