Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Early collective expansion: Relativistic hydrodynamics and the transport properties of QCD matter

Relativistic hydrodynamics for ideal and viscous fluids is discussed as a tool to describe relativistic heavy-ion collisions and to extract transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma from experimentally measured hadron momentum spectra.Comment: Review article, 54 pages, 25 figure

Correlated Production of p and p^bar in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

Correlations between p and pbar's at transverse momenta typical of enhanced baryon production in Au+Au collisions are reported. The PHENIX experiment measures same and opposite sign baryon pairs in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Correlated production of p and p^bar with the trigger particle from the range 2.5 < p_T < 4.0 GeV/c and the associated particle with 1.8 < p_T < 2.5 GeV/c is observed to be nearly independent of the centrality of the collisions. Same sign pairs show no correlation at any centrality. The conditional yield of mesons triggered by baryons (and anti-baryons) and mesons in the same pT range rises with increasing centrality, except for the most central collisions, where baryons show a significantly smaller number of associated mesons. These data are consistent with a picture in which hard scattered partons produce correlated p and p^bar in the p_T region of the baryon excess.Comment: 420 authors from 58 institutions, 21 pages,5 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters B. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Monolithic Ka-band even-harmonic quadrature resistive mixer for direct conversion receivers

This paper describes the design and measured performance of a Ka-band even-harmonic quadrature mixer which employs PHEMT resistive mixer elements. By employing the even-harmonic technique, with local oscillator at half the RF input frequency, the mixer is better suited for direct conversion receiver application. The chip operates In the 30 to 40 GHz range and has been used to successfully demodulate a 4 Mb/s 16-QAM signal at 38 GHz

Enhanced production of neuroprogenitors, dopaminergic neurons, and identification of target genes by overexpression of sonic hedgehog in human embryonic stem cells

10.1089/scd.2011.0134Stem Cells and Development215729-741SCDT

KLF4 and PBX1 directly regulate NANOG expression in human embryonic stem cells

10.1002/stem.143Stem Cells2792114-2125STCE