Efecto de la calidad de la dieta y el nivel de la fibra en la cinética de digestión y la producción de metano en bovino lechero

La presente investigación fue realizada en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y trata el tema de la producción de metano entérico y su relación con la calidad de la dieta, específicamente el impacto del contenido y la calidad de la fibra sobre la emisión de metano. La primera parte de este documento se enfoca en dar a conocer el panorama general de los avances realizados en la región de América Latina tanto en determinación de los factores de emisión del gas metano como en el desarrollo de estrategias de mitigación. A escala mundial, la región latino americana contribuye con el 14% de las emisiones de metano, siendo Brasil y México los mayores contribuyentes. Los trabajos de estrategias de mitigación se han enfocado en el uso de plantas taníferas y aceites esenciales. A partir de los trabajos encontrados en la primera parte, se construyó una base de datos que fue utilizada para estudiar la variabilidad de la producción de metano por el ganado bovino en la región latinoamericana que varía entre 50 y 400 g/animal/día con un promedio de alrededor de 200 g. La base de datos compilada fue utilizada para desarrollar después ecuaciones de predicción de la emisión de metano. Se obtuvo una buena predicción de dicha emisión usando variables de consumo (consumo de materia seca y consumo de energía bruta), no obstante, la predicción mejora significativamente, al incluir en la ecuación la digestibilidad y el contenido en fibra. Al final, se estudió, experimentalmente, el efecto de la fibra y su digestibilidad sobre la emisión de metano por el ganado lechero. Para ello, se evaluaron cuatro dietas con niveles crecientes de fibra. A pesar de que el aumento de fibra no afecto el consumo ni la producción diaria de metano, el rendimiento de metano (l/kgMSI) disminuyó linealmente conforme incrementa el contenido de fibra en la dieta. De esta manera, se concluyó que América Latina, incluyendo México, ha empezado recientemente la labor de cuantificar el impacto medio ambiental de sus sistemas ganaderos en términos de contaminación con el gas metano, a pesar de que en esta zona existe un gran rebaño bovino. El consumo de alimento es el factor más importante para estimar la emisión de metano, sin embargo, la calidad de la fibra aportada por los forrajes es un factor clave para entender el comportamiento de la emisión de metano por el ganado bovino en México.UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, SECRETARIA DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES MEXIC

Albert Camus\u27 Social, Cultural and Political Migrations

In his article “Albert Camus’ social, cultural and political migrations,” Benaouda LEBDAI analyses Albert Camus’ posthumous autofiction The First man, a fascinating self-representation and self -telling. Found after his deadly car accident, the manuscript adds a tragic dimension to the disguised autobiography. This paper demonstrates Camus’ capacity to migrate from one world to another, looks into the reasons behind such attitudes and stresses the significance of an outstanding life account within the on-going debate between France and Algeria about his political stands during colonial Algeria. His vision of the indigenous people, the Algerians, and of the future of colonial Algeria, is addressed in terms of cultural and political memory. The First Man is revisited to understand his psychological and social migrations, which reveal a deep trauma. In fine, this analysis focuses on a colonial time and the exclusive relation between Algeria and France, from a cultural and political viewpoint, and it ponders on the significance of ‘life Writing’ through ‘self-representation’ with its impact on a meaningful comprehension of History, culture and social memory

An Original Approach for Translating Grafcet into C/Unix Code for Validation Purposes

This paper proposes an approach to simulate the function of the control part of a Grafcet model, translating it into C code in a Unix environment. First, the Grafcet/C generation schemes are established. The Grafcet model, described in graphic or text form, is transformed in an internal form and then to C code by a generation algorithm based on the previously found diagrams. The result is a program that simulates the operation of the automation in question and makes it possible to validate the functional specifications of sequential automation. This validation can be used for educational purposes, such as the learning of the Grafcet formalism, or corrective or evolutionary maintenance. Once the configuration, testing, and validation of the program are complete, it is possible to implement the object code on the microcontroller of the control system

Muslim morality as foundation for social harmony

The argument inherent in this study is that the Islamic framework on social coexistence and harmony stipulates moral capital as a bridge for community’s inter-connectivity, interaction, and development, and that, for Muslims, morals act as an effective catalyst for constructing social coexistence and harmony. This study discusses the concept of Islamic social ethics and moral development in the context of society, followed by an inquiry into the ways and means according to which Muslim ethics may contribute and sustain social rapprochement, mutual support and social justice. The study aims to identify the prevalent framework for Muslim social morality, which can be of benefit to effective social policy, increasing civic engagement, developing an inclusive universal moral education, or furthering multicultural tolerance. Using textual approach, this study shows how Islam capitalizes on individual and collective morality towards the effective engineering of sustainable communities’ relations and development. Further empirical studies on the contribution of Muslim morals in lieu of fortifying community development and social harmony would contribute to the way of elucidating the Muslim projection of theoretical moral ideals in real life conditions as well as tracing the convergences and divergences between Muslim theory and practices with regards to the application of morals to personal and communal settings, and more importantly in our context the shaping of communities’ rapprochement, co-existence and harmony

An Islamic view of human development: special reference to Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun

A perusal of theories of human development reveals attempts to build a broad platform for growth characterized by an inclusive approach to the religious, historical and cultural diversity of world communities today. A poor representation of the theological tenets and ethical values underlying the perception and undertaking of human development unfortunately persists. This research examines the religious and moral perspective of Islam on human development while exploring the concept and structure of human development and its theological and ‘umranic implications in the framework of Islam. Of particular interest is the perspective of Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), a Fourteenth-Century Muslim jurist, sociologist and economist who, in his Muqaddimah, dedicates serious discussion to a number of relevant themes including the innate nature of man, and development of human knowledge, skills and craft. His thesis highlights vision of catalyzing sustainable human development set according to fundamental Islamic themes such as stewardship, support and cooperation, defence, protective order or social organization, and the power of thinking. Ibn Khaldun’s perspective also provides some of the crucial keys necessary to understanding the value of human development according to the Islamic worldview while enriching contemporary scholarship with critical insights required for an effective approach to human development in a cross-cultural and multi-religious context. The understanding of the Islamic perspective on the issue of human development is instrumental not only to researchers in social sciences in general and Khaldunian studies in specific, but also to the ongoing discourse on human development in current times, and to topics such as economic productivity, efficiency and management of human resources. Keywords: Ibn Khaldun. Human development. Muqaddimah

The roots and constructs of Ibn Khaldūn’s critical thinking

Abstract: Many current researches have sought to explore the thought and contributions of Ibn Khaldūn to the various disciplines of human knowledge including philosophy of history, historiography, politics, economics, and education. Little interest, however, is given to his contributions to the theory of critical thinking. This research investigates Ibn Khaldūn’s perspective on critical thinking and critique of intellectual disciplines while exploring its origin and dimensions. The research shows that Ibn Khaldūn’s critical thinking is essentially entrenched in the fundamental vision and origins of Islam, and reflective of the broad Islamic scholarship and the practices of Muslim scholars across the different religious and rational disciplines. What characterises Ibn Khaldūn’s contribution to the field of critical thinking is his ability to apply it across various fields of scholarship yet with a conscious attention to society’s dynamics, particularly the practical dimensions and implications of his theory of human society (‘umrān basharī). Keywords: Critical thinking; Ibn Khaldūn; muqaddimah; ‘umrān; Islamic rationality

Une approche multi-agents coopératifs pour la gestion des ressources matérielles dans un contexte multi-sites de e-manufacturing.

International audienceDans cet article, nous proposons une modélisation basée sur le paradigme des systèmes multi-agents coopératifs appliquée à la gestion de ressources matérielles distribuées dans un environnement d'entreprises multisites distribués. Cette gestion constitue actuellement un challenge pour tous les producticiens du fait des influences économiques et technologiques modernes qui affectent ce genre d'entreprises. En effet, la redondance d'un stock d'un article quelconque dans plusieurs sites affecte négativement la santé économique de l'entreprise en tout, ce qui nous pousse à la recherche de méthodes optimales pouvant assurer un équilibrage de charge en matière de ces ressources entre les différents sites. Pour cela nous exploitons la plateforme Internet reliant les sites et en appliquant la technologie des Web Services basée sur les agents (agent demandeur, agent fournisseur et agent annuaire), nous mettrons en oeuvre une dynamique de coopération entre site déficitaire en article k et site excédentaire du même article et en généralisant ce principe à tous les articles, nous réaliserons l'équilibrage dynamique pouvant éviter à l'entreprise les sur-stockages et les sous-stockags de ces ressources matérielles

An Islamic View of Human Development: Special Reference to Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun

A perusal of theories of human development reveals attempts to build a broad platform for growth characterized by an inclusive approach to the religious, historical and cultural diversity of world communities today. A poor representation of the theological tenets and ethical values underlying the perception and undertaking of human development unfortunately persists. This research examines the religious and moral perspective of Islam on human development while exploring the concept and structure of human development and its theological and ‘umranic implications in the framework of Islam. Of particular interest is the perspective of Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), a Fourteenth-Century Muslim jurist, sociologist and economist who, in his Muqaddimah, dedicates serious discussion to a number of relevant themes including the innate nature of man, and development of human knowledge, skills and craft. His thesis highlights vision of catalyzing sustainable human development set according to fundamental Islamic themes such as stewardship, support and cooperation, defence, protective order or social organization, and the power of thinking. Ibn Khaldun’s perspective also provides some of the crucial keys necessary to understanding the value of human development according to the Islamic worldview while enriching contemporary scholarship with critical insights required for an effective approach to human development in a cross-cultural and multi-religious context. The understanding of the Islamic perspective on the issue of human development is instrumental not only to researchers in social sciences in general and Khaldunian studies in specific, but also to the ongoing discourse on human development in current times, and to topics such as economic productivity, efficiency and management of human resources.   Keywords: Ibn Khaldun. Human development. Muqaddimah

Studying and Analyzing of Organizational Culture Dimensions in The Economic ‎Enterprise: Field Study in a Sample of Tanning Enterprises in Algeria

تناولت هذه الدراسة موضوع دراسة وتحليل أبعاد الثقافة التنظيمية في مؤسسات دباغة الجلود بالجزائر، وطبقت الدراسة على عينة مكونة من (142) موظفاً، من أصل مجتمع الدراسة المكون من (714) موظف. حيث استخدمت الدراسة الاستبيان كأداة رئيسية لجمع المعلومات والبيانات، وتم توزيع الاستبيان عشوائيا على مختلف العاملين في مؤسسات دباغة الجلود، وذلك على اختلاف مستوياتهم التنظيمية (إدارة عليا، إدارة وسطى، إدارة دنيا، وظائف نمطية). وخلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من نتائج من أهمها ما يلي: * ارتفاع مستوى إدراك جميع أبعاد الثقافة التنظيمية، (التوجه بالعميل، الاتساق والتجانس، التوجه بالنتائج، القدرة على التكيف، التوجه بالفريق) إذ سجلنا تحققهم بمستويات مرتفعة، ماعدا بعدي (تشجيع الإبداع والابتكار، الاحتواء والترابط)، الذين سجلنا تحققهم بمستويات متوسطة؛ * تبين بأن هناك اتفاق في آراء وتصورات العاملين بمؤسسات دباغة الجلود بالجزائر حول إدراك أبعاد الثقافة التنظيمية، وذلك على الرغم من اختلاف (النوع الاجتماعي، المستوى التعليمي، مدة الخدمة، طبيعة الوظيفة، التوزيع الجغرافي، طبيعة المؤسسة)، إلا أنهم غير متفقين حول إدراك أبعاد الثقافة التنظيمية حسب عمر الموظف، مدة الخدمة، طبيعة عقود العمل التي تربط العاملين بمؤسساتهم.This study dealt with the issue of study and analysis of organizational culture dimensions in Leather-tanning institutions in Algeria, the study was applied to a sample of (142) employees, out of a study population of (714) employees. The study used a questionnaire as a key tool for gathering information and data, The questionnaire was distributed randomly on various workers in the leather tanning institutions, and so on different organizational levels (Top management, Middle management, Lower management, Typical functions), The study concluded to a set of results including the following: The high level of awareness of all the dimensions of organizational culture (customer orientation, consistency and coherence, results orientation, adaptability, team orientation) as we noticed high levels, except two dimensions (creativity and innovation encouraging, inclusion and cohesion) in which we noticed medium levels ;  The study revealed that there is agreement in the views and perceptions of workers in the leather tanning institutions in Algeria, about the realization of organizational culture dimensions, and in spite of the difference of (gender, educational level, duration of service, the nature of the job, geographical distribution, the nature of the institution), but they disagree about the perception of the dimensions of organizational culture by: age of employee, length of service, the nature of employment contracts that bind workers in their institutions