Determination of the total sulphur content in gas oils with a flame photometric detector

A method is described for the quantitative determination of the total sulphur content of gas oils, using a gas chromatograph with an empty glass column and a dual-flame flame photometric detector. The method can also be used for the analysis of the volatile sulphur content in aqueous solutions

Electrochemical codeposition of inert particles in a metallic matrix

A survey on electrochemical codeposition of inert particles in a metallic matrix is given. Particles held in suspension in an electroplating bath are codeposited with the metal during electrodeposition. The particles used are inert to the bath and can be of different types, that is, pure metals, ceramics or organic materials. Combining this variety of types of particles with the different electrodeposited metals, electrochemical codeposition enables the production of a large range of composite materials with unique properties. Many experimental factors were found to influence the codeposition process, which led to some understanding of the mechanism. Models to predict the codeposition rate were developed, but were only partly successful

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of tar compounds formed during pyrolysis of rice husks

Pyrolysis of agricultural waste to produce fuel gas involves formation of tars as noxious by-products. In this paper the qualitative analysis of tars formed during pyrolysis of rice husks is presented, based on identification by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and interpolation of retention times on a polyaromatic hydrocarbon index scale. The influence of some reaction parameters on product formation is briefly discussed

Bedreigd bestaan:onderzoek naar de alternatieven voor dorpshuizen in Noord-Groningen

In dit onderzoeksrapport wordt een weergave gegeven van de alternatieven voor dorpshuizen in Noord- Groningen. De opdrachtgever CAB (Centrum Arbeid en Beleid) wil deze alternatieve dorpshuizen duidelijk in kaart hebben gebracht, dit houdt in dat er op meerdere fronten onderzoek zal worden gedaan naar deze alternatieven voor dorpshuizen. Dit gebeurt op het gebied van fysieke- , sociale- en financiële kenmerken van deze alternatieven voor dorpshuizen. Bij het onderzoek naar het fysieke aspect moet met name de staat van het alternatieve dorpshuis belicht worden, ook wordt gekeken waar deze alternatieve dorpshuizen gevestigd zijn. Er wordt gekeken naar locaties, het aantal mensen en activiteiten voor het sociale aspect van dit onderzoek. Op het financiële gebied wordt met name gekeken naar de jaarverslagen van de alternatieve dorpshuizen. Echter doordat deze vaak in beheer zijn van particuliere beheerders, die niet bereid waren een jaarverslag te verstrekken, was het vrijwel niet mogelijk deze jaarverslagen op te vragen. Om de opdracht van CAB duidelijk te omschrijven is een doelstelling en een probleemstelling opgesteld. De doelstelling van dit onderzoek luidt als volgt; Het in kaart brengen van de alternatieven voor dorpshuizen. Daarbij wordt gekeken naar de fysieke, sociale en financieel aspecten.. De probleemstelling om het bovenstaande onderzoeksdoel te bereiken luidt als volgt; Wat zijn de fysieke-, sociale- en financiële kenmerken van de alternatieven voor dorpshuizen in Noord- Groningen? Studentonderzoek in het kader van het thema Werklandschappe

Heat Treated NiP–SiC Composite Coatings: Elaboration and Tribocorrosion Behaviour in NaCl Solution

Tribocorrosion behaviour of heat-treated NiP and NiP–SiC composite coatings was investigated in a 0.6 M NaCl solution. The tribocorrosion tests were performed in a linear sliding tribometer with an electrochemical cell interface. It was analyzed the influence of SiC particles dispersion in the NiP matrix on current density developed, on coefficient of friction and on wear volume loss. The results showed that NiP–SiC composite coatings had a lower wear volume loss compared to NiP coatings. However, the incorporation of SiC particles into the metallic matrix affects the current density developed by the system during the tribocorrosion test. It was verified that not only the volume of co-deposited particles (SiC vol.%) but also the number of SiC particles per coating area unit (and consequently the SiC particles size) have made influence on the tribocorrosion behaviour of NiP–SiC composite coatings

Electrodeposited lead dioxide coatings

Lead dioxide coatings on inert substrates such as titanium and carbon now offer new opportunities for a material known for 150 years. It is now recognised that electrodeposition allows the preparation of stable coatings with different phase structures and a wide range of surface morphologies. In addition, substantial modification to the physical properties and catalytic activities of the coatings are possible through doping and the fabrication of nanostructured deposits or composites. In addition to applications as a cheap anode material in electrochemical technology, lead dioxide coatings provide unique possibilities for probing the dependence of catalytic activity on layer composition and structure (critical review, 256 references)

Electrochemical behavior of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings: effect of heat treatment and SiC particle incorporation

This paper describes the effects of heat treatment and of SiC particle incorporation on the electrochemical behavior and physical structure of Ni[BOND]P (17 at% P) composite coatings. The deposits were obtained by electrodeposition with various contents of SiC particles in the plating bath and heat treated at 420 °C. The physical structure was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM - image analysis). The electrochemical behavior of the resultant composite coatings was determined by chronopotentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic measurements in 0.6 M NaCl solution at pH 6. Heat treatment showed a positive effect on the electrochemical behavior of Ni[BOND]P coatings, shifting the open circuit potential toward less active potentials. The incorporation of SiC particles inhibited pit nucleation on the Ni[BOND]P composite coating, with or without post-heat treatment. However, heat treatment in the Ni[BOND]P[BOND]SiC seemed to induce cracks in the metallic matrix, initiating at the SiC particles, possibly caused by the contraction in the metallic matrix. The cracked structure promoted localized corrosion, while coatings without heat treatment resulted in a general and uniform corrosion