Inhibition of Listeria in cold-smoked salmon using liquid smoke and isoeugenol

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2000Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, ubiquitous in nature and sometimes found in seafood. Cold-smoked salmon products have few barriers to inhibit pathogen growth. This study investigated the antilisterial effects of liquid smoke and the phenolic compound isoeugenol. Five commercial liquid smokes were tested 'in vitro' and the most inhibitory to Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. innocua ATCC 33090 was Charsol Supreme. Chum salmon samples (100-g each) were dipped for 15 seconds at varying concentrations of liquid smoke, processed, and analyzed for L. innocua. Liquid smoke concentrations of 60-100% reduced L. innocua by 3-logs in the final product. Dwell times of 15 seconds to 5 minutes using 60% liquid smoke gradually decreased listerial survival. Isoeugenol was antilisterial 'in vitro, ' but lacked synergism with liquid smoke in cold-smoked salmon. Charsol Supreme formed an antilisterial barrier in cold-smoked salmon, and may be a useful application to commercial products

Desmotheca (Orthotrichaceae) : Gondwanan fragmentation and the origin of a Southeast Asian genus

Desmotheca Lindberg was proposed in 1872 as a replacement name for the illegitimate Cryptocarpon Dozy & Molk. (1844) and Cryptocarpus Dozy & Molk. (1846). Seven names have been placed in these genera, from which two species appear to be taxonomically valid. Desmotheca apiculata (Dozy & Molk.) Card. occurs from New Caledonia and New Guinea west to Indonesia and the Andaman Islands, north to Burma, Thailand, Vietnam and Mindanao in the Philippines, while D. brachiata (Hook. & Wils.) Vitt comb. nova is restricted to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The evolution and dispersal of this genus can be related to the northward movement of Gondwanan island blocks during the Cretaceous

Urosaurus graciosus

Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Cytological studies on mosses from Papua New Guinea : 1., introduction and the family Orthotrichaceae.

Chromosome numbers with information on meiotic behaviour are recorded for the first time for the following taxa in the family Orthotrichaceae from Papua New Guinea - Desmotheca apiculata (Dozy & Molk.) Lindb. ex Card. n=6; Macromitrium incurvifolium (Hook. & Grev.) Schwaegr. n=9, M. longicaule C. Muell. n=6 (5+X/y), M. orthostichum Nees ex Schwaegr. n=7 (6+ X/y), M. salakanum C. Muell. n=9, M. similirete Bartr. n=9. M. streimannii Vitt n=9 (8+m); Schlotheimia emarginato-pilosa Herz. n=9 and S. macgregorii Broth. & Geh. n=11

Some Stability and Control Aspects of a Variable Pivot Wing Configuration

In supersonic flight, there is a large positive shift in the static margin, which causes extreme positive shifts in longitudinal stability, and is an undesirable characteristic. This paper investigates some of the stability and control aspects of an alternative configuration, that of a variable pivot wing aircraft -- an aircraft with two sets of wings, one set sweeps forward, the other set sweeps rearward. By prescribing a sweep schedule, it is desired to minimize the static margin shift with Mach number. The effects of the two lift elements -- that of mechanical shift of the center of pressure forward with sweep, and aerodynamic coupling with the reduction in aspect ratio which cause a decrease in lift-curve slope due to sweep — on simple longitudinal stability and control parameters will be presented. Two cases are examined. The first case has four equal-area wings with a fuselage / strake; the second case has the area of the front wings twice the area of the rearward wings with a fuselage \ strake

Tertiary Climate Change and the Diversification of the Amazonian Gecko Genus Gonatodes (Sphaerodactylidae, Squamata)

The genus Gonatodes is a monophyletic group of small-bodied, diurnal geckos distributed across northern South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. We used fragments of three nuclear genes (RAG2, ACM4, and c-mos) and one mitochondrial gene (16S) to estimate phylogenetic relationships among Amazonian species of Gonatodes. We used Penalized Likelihood to estimate timing of diversification in the genus. Most cladogenesis occurred in the Oligocene and early Miocene and coincided with a burst of diversification in other South American animal groups including mollusks, birds, and mammals. The Oligocene and early Miocene were periods dominated by dramatic climate change and Andean orogeny and we suggest that these factors drove the burst of cladogenesis in Gonatodes geckos as well as other taxa. A common pattern in Amazonian taxa is a biogeographic split between the eastern and western Amazon basin. We observed two clades with this spatial distribution, although large differences in timing of divergence between the east–west taxon pairs indicate that these divergences were not the result of a common vicariant event