Actividades de expresión gráfico plástica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de educación inicial, Lurigancho, 2021

La presente investigación de título: Actividades de expresión gráfico plástica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de educación Inicial, Lurigancho, 2021, tuvo como objetivo general determinar la influencia de las actividades de expresión gráfico plástica en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de cuatro años de la Institución Educativa Inicial Nº 200. El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, el tipo de estudio fue aplicada y de diseño experimental, pre experimental. Se tuvo como población a 110 niños de cuatro años de edad; de los cuales 21 niños fueron considerados para la muestra de la investigación, efectuando un muestreo no probabilístico intencionado. Se utilizó una lista de cotejo como instrumento para evaluar la motricidad fina. Los resultados fueron analizados a través de estadística descriptiva, usando tablas de distribución de frecuencias y estadística inferencial, aplicando la prueba no paramétrica Wilcoxon. Del resultado de la prueba de hipótesis general se obtuvo un p-valor de 0.000 menor que 0.05, siendo este significativo, aceptándose la hipótesis de la investigación, lo cual confirma que las actividades de expresión gráfico plástica mejoran significativamente el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de cuatro años de la I.E.I. Nº 200

Relatos de vida de maestros : espacios de construcción de subjetividad y de reflexión sobre la enseñanza

RESUMEN: El trabajo retoma los conceptos centrales de la investigación ACIFORMA, en los que se presenta el campo conceptual de la pedagogía y la enseñanza. Basado en ésta se pretende buscar las narraciones de los maestros sobre las redes conceptuales que subyacen a los discursos y a las teoría

Neuromodulation in anejaculation, case report and literature review

Introducción y objetivos: La neuromodulación de raíces sacras (NMS) es un procedimiento empleado para el manejo de trastornos del funcionamiento urinario, intestinal y sexual. Hablando de trastornos sexuales, hay algunos datos que sugieren benefi cios en disfunción eréctil y muy poca evidencia en trastornos de la eyaculación. El reporte de este caso tiene como objetivo revisar la teoría acerca del funcionamiento y las indicaciones de la NMS con el fi n de plantear una hipótesis acerca del mecanismo por el cual respondió este paciente, y sugerir la NMS como una alternativa en el manejo de la aneyaculación refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico. Materiales y métodos: Recolección de la historia clínica desde el ingreso en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfi ca en Medline y Ovid, sin límites de idioma ni diseño, en los últimos 10 años. Los términos MESH usados fueron: “sacral plexus”, “sacral region”, “ejaculation”, “neurobiology”, “spinal cord stimulation”, “transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation”; también se utilizó un término no MESH: “neuromodulation”. Resultados: Se trata del primer reporte de un caso de aneyaculación secundaria a manipulación del área pélvica durante la resección de neurogangliomas en un paciente joven con vida sexual previa normal, tratado exitosamente con NMS. La NMS es un procedimiento cuyo mecanismo de acción se desconoce; es posible que la estimulación eléctrica de las aferencias permita la modulación de los refl ejos medulares restaurando el equilibrio entre la inhibición y la activación a nivel central. Ha sido usado en el manejo de alteraciones urinarias, intestinales, sexuales y nerviosas. Basada en esta respuesta positiva, nuestra hipótesis consiste en que el procedimiento quirúrgico alteró la transmisión de señales eferentes de los nervios pélvicos. Con la terapia neuromoduladora en las raíces sacras, se logró la regulación de los refl ejos medulares al facilitar la transmisión de señales eyaculatorias mediadas por serotonina y noradrenalina trasportadas por los nervios pélvicos y pudendos. Conclusiones: La NMS se presenta como una alternativa en el manejo de la aneyaculación a pesar de que falta evidencia que soporte la estandarización del procedimiento.Q4Reporte de caso51-57Paciente masculinoIntroduction and objectives: Sacral root neuromodulation (SRN) is a procedure used to treat urinary function, as well as bowel and sexual disorders. In sexual disorders, there is some data suggesting benefi ts in erectile dysfunction, with very little evidence on ejaculation disorders. The objective of this report is to review the theory of SRN operation and its indications in order to propose a hypothesis on the mechanism and why our patient improved his ejaculation disorder after the SRN procedure. We suggest the SRN as an alternative treatment in the management of refractory anejaculation. Methods and materials: Review of patient’s medical chart. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and OVID. The search was limited to papers published in the last 10 years. MESH terms used were “sacral plexus”, “sacral region”, “ejaculation”, “neurobiology”, “spinal cord stimulation”, “transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation”, and also a non-MESH term “neuromodulation”. Results: We present the fi rst report of anejaculation, secondary to pelvic surgical dissection in a young patient with a previously normal sexual life. Ejaculation improved signifi cantly after the SRN procedure. The mechanism of action of SRN is not entirely known. It is possible that afferent electrical stimulation allows the modulation of spinal refl exes by restoring the balance between inhibition and activation at a central level. It has been used in the management of urinary, bowel, sexual, and nervous disorders. Based on this positive response, our hypothesis is that the surgical procedure altered the transmission of efferent signals of the pelvic nerves. The SRN procedure could improve the regulation of spinal refl exes and transmission of ejaculatory signals mediated by serotonin and noradrenaline transported by pelvic and pudenda nerves. Conclusions: The SRN is presented as an alternative in the management of anejaculation despite the lack of evidence to support the standardization of the procedure

Radical prostatectomy and quality of life : results in a center of high complexity

Introducción La prostatectomía radical (PR) es el patrón de oro para el manejo quirúrgico con intención curativa del cáncer de próstata. Sin embargo, tiene secuelas importantes como la incontinencia urinaria y la disfunción eréctil. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la prevalencia de las secuelas y el compromiso de calidad de vida de los pacientes llevados a PR abierta en un centro de alta complejidad. Materiales y Métodos Se revisaron los datos de los pacientes llevados a prostatectomía radical en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio desde el año 2005 hasta el año 2015. Se seleccionaron aquellos que tuvieran más de 12 meses de postoperatorio, previo consentimiento informado verbal por vía telefónica se aplicó el cuestionario UCLA PCI. La información fue organizada para su análisis en una base de datos construida con ese fin para posterior aplicación de las estadísticas descriptivas que permitieran resumir y describir los resultados. Resultados Durante los años analizados, se realizaron 231 prostatectomías radicales. Se logró tener contacto con 112 de ellos a los cuales se les aplicó el cuestionario UCLA PCI. En el dominio de función urinaria, 57% de los pacientes reportan tener “control total de la orina,” 53% nunca tienen escape involuntario de la orina, 82% no requieren el uso de protectores y 62% presentan goteo de orina menos de 1 vez por semana. En cuanto a la función sexual, 69,3% califican su habilidad para tener una erección como pobre o muy pobre, 25% regular y 7% buena o muy buena. Para 20% la erección es suficiente para lograr el coito. Y para 52% esa función implica un problema en su vida. El impacto en la calidad de vida mostró que un 91,8% de los pacientes consideran que su salud es en general buena muy buena o excelente y un 70% no tienen ningún tipo de limitación física. Conclusiones La prostatectomía radical tiene un impacto importante no despreciable en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, especialmente en lo referente a la función urinaria y sexual. Su impacto en la calidad de vida debe ser considerado al momento de realizar la consejería previa a la toma de decisiones en el manejo definitivo del cáncer de próstata con el fin de que el paciente tenga unas expectativas claras en ese sentido.141-146Introduction Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the gold standard in curative surgical treatment for prostate cancer. However, it has significant consequences such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of complications and its effects on quality of life of patients undergoing an open RP in a reference center. Materials and Methods The data of patients who underwent RP at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio from 2005 to 2015 was reviewed. Patients who underwent RP more than 12 months ago where selected and with previous verbal consent a UCLA PCI questionnaire was completed by phone. The information was organized in a database to apply descriptive statistics which allowed to summarize and analyze the results. Results During the years analyzed there were performed 231 radical prostatectomies. It was possible to contact 112 by phone to get the UCLA PCI questionnaire completed. In the urinary function domain, 57% of patients report to “have total control of urine,” 53% never leak, 82% of them do not require the use of pads and 62% have urine leakage less than once a week. Regarding sexual function, 69,3% scored their ability to have an erection as poor or very poor, 25% medium and 7% good or very good. For 20% it was sufficient to achieve coitus. And for 52% this function means a problem in their life. The impact on life quality showed that 91.8% of patients felt that their health in general was very good, good or excellent and 70% did not have any physical limitation. Conclusions Radical prostatectomy has an important and no insignificant impact in patients' quality of life, especially regarding urinary function and sexual function. It́s impact in quality of life should be considered at the moment of counseling the patients when taking decisions about curative prostate cancer treatmen

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe