Reduction of trichloromethyl to gem-dichloromethyl group with triphenylphosphine and water in ethyl acetate

En este trabajo se reporta un método de reducción de triclorometil compuestos bajo condiciones amigables al medio ambiente.A novel and efficient way of reducing trichloromethyl to gem-dichloromethyl compounds using environmentally friendly conditions has been developed. This reduction process consists of the treatment of a trichloromethyl compound with water and triphenylphosphine using ethyl acetate as solvent. This reaction proceeds in good yield when a strong electron-withdrawing group is attached to the trichloromethyl derivative.Conacy

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA DE INGLÉS 3

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL INGLÉS 1

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

First joint observations of space weather events over Mexico

Abstract. The Mexican Space Weather Service (SCiESMEX in Spanish) and National Space Weather Laboratory (LANCE in Spanish) were organized in 2014 and in 2016, respectively, to provide space weather monitoring and alerts, as well as scientific research in Mexico. In this work, we presenttheresultsofthefirstjointobservationsoftwoevents (22 June and 29 September 2015) with our local network of instruments and their related products. This network includes the MEXART radio telescope (solar flare and radio burst), the Compact Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy in Transportable Observatories (CALLISTO)attheMEXARTstation(solarradioburst),the Mexico City Cosmic Ray Observatory (cosmic ray fluxes), GPS receiver networks (ionospheric disturbances), and the Teoloyucan Geomagnetic Observatory (geomagnetic field). The observations show that we detected significant space weather effects over the Mexican territory: geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances (22 June 2015), variations in cosmicrayfluxes,andalsoradiocommunications’interferences (29September2015).Theeffectsoftheseperturbationswere registered,forthefirsttime,usingspaceweatherproductsby SCiESMEX:totalelectroncontent(TEC)maps,regionalgeomagneticindexKmex,radiospectrographsoflowfrequency, and cosmic ray fluxes. These results prove the importance of monitoring space weather phenomena in the region and the need to strengthening the instrumentation network

¿Cómo implementar un programa de Farmacovigilancia para un establecimiento farmacéutico minorista en Colombia?

No aplicaA través de este trabajo se abordarán las problemáticas del caso 1 propuesto para el desarrollo de la actividad, donde se le dará una solución enfocada en la creación de un programa de farmacovigilancia apropiado para el establecimiento farmacéutico minorista; el cual está presentando problemas en los procesos de recepción de pedidos y almacenamiento, abastecimiento de productos, y principalmente en el proceso de dispensación donde fueron entregados medicamentos de diferente componente y concentración a los pacientes, lo cual desencadenó en algunos problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM) y eventos adversos. Lo anterior, buscando destacar la importancia en la implementación de un programa de farmacovigilancia en el establecimiento y que como se menciona en la resolución 1403 de 2007, todas las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud y empresas administradoras de planes benéficos deben contar con un programa de farmacovigilancia, donde se puedan establecer y prevenir problemas relacionados con la indicación, efectividad y seguridad de los medicamentos (Ítem 5.3 pág. 68); así mismo se menciona que si se sospecha de un evento adverso debe ser reportado al INVIMA dentro de los primeros 5 días usando el formulario (Ítem 5.5 pág. 68). El programa nacional de farmacovigilancia debe enfocar sus esfuerzos en la perspectiva epidemiológica y social de los problemas asociados al uso de medicamentos y sus efectos con el fin de resolverlos. (Resolución 1403 de 2007. Pág. 69) Es de destacar que un programa bien instalado de farmacovigilancia dentro de un establecimiento farmacéutico minorista ayuda a que se prevengan problemas relacionados con la salud de los pacientes, el uso inadecuado de los medicamentos y también ayuda a que se tengan todos los reportes que pueden ser utilizados para aportes científicos de acuerdo con el uso racional de los medicamentos.Through this work we will talk a little more about case 1 presented, where a solution to the problem presented will be given and a pharmacovigilance program will be carried out for the pharmaceutical establishment, which is presenting problems in the part of the process of receiving orders and storage , availability of products , are affected in the same way in the dispensing process where medicines of different concentrations were delivered to the patients and due to this error some problems related to medicines and adverse events arose . For this reason, the importance of implementing a pharmacovigilance program in the establishment and as mentioned in resolution 1403 of 2007 that all institutions providing health services and companies that administer charitable plans must have a pharmacovigilance program wherever possible. establish and prevent problems related to the indication, effectiveness and safety of medications (item 5.3 page 68); It is also mentioned that a suspected adverse event must be reported to INVIMA within the first 5 days using the form (item 5.5 page 68). The national pharmacovigilance program should focus its efforts on the epidemiological and social perspective of the problems associated with the use of drugs and their effects in order to solve them. (Resolution 1403 of 2007. Page 69). It is noteworthy that a well-installed pharmacovigilance program within an IPS helps to prevent problems related to the health of patients, as well as the inappropriate use of medications, it also helps to that all the reports that can be used for scientific contributions are available according to the rational use of medicines

A STUDY OF 60 CASES

ABSTRACT Objectives: Determine the most prevalent type of curve in our population, to quantify the radiographic parameters such as PT, IP, SS and compare the physical function according to ODI and SRS-22r. Methods: Retrospective, observational, longitudinal, single-center study, carried out from January 2010 to May 2015 at the Centro Médico ISSEMYM Ecatepec, Spine Surgery Service. Results: A total of 60 patients were obtained, 60% female, with curvatures according to SRS-Schwab, type T (28%), TL (46.6%), D (15%), N (10%), with a mean preoperative VAS of 7 for all curves and post-surgical 2 after 6 months. The SRS-22r preoperative test was 2.1 and postoperatively was 3.75, with p<0.001. Conclusions: Deformities of the adult spine are a growing disease in our country. The surgical management of deformities requires proper clinical and radiographic planning. Patients undergoing surgical treatment in our study showed curvature type TL and demonstrated significant improvement in ODI and SRS-22r. Keywords: Scoliosis; Classification SRS-schwab; Sagittal balance; Radiographic criteria. RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar o tipo de curva mais prevalente em nossa população, quantificar os parâmetros radiográficos, tais como PT, PI, SS e comparar a função física de acordo com ODI e SR

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA DE INGLÉS 3

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA DE INGLÉS PARA PROPÓSITOS ACADÉMICOS

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

The Youngest Victims: Children and Youth Affected by War

In 1989, the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child declared, “[state parties] shall take all feasible measures to ensure protection and care of children who are affected by an armed conflict.” In addition to attempting to secure the welfare of children in armed conflict, the Convention went on to ban the recruitment and deployment of children during armed conflict. Despite the vast majority of sovereign nations signing and ratifying this agreement, this treaty, unfortunately, has not prevented children and youth from witnessing, becoming victims of, or participating in political, ethnic, religious, and cultural violence across the past three decades. This chapter offers an “ecological perspective” on the psychosocial consequences of exposure to the trauma of war-related violence and social disruption