Calcio y cobalto en soluciones preservantes durante la vida postcosecha de tallos de Lily: cambios en las variables ornamentales

Dentro de los productos hortícolas, las flores de corte son de los más perecederos, por lo que durante su vida postcosecha se utilizan soluciones preservantes para mejorar su estado ornamental, las incluyen azúcar, un acidificante, un antiséptico y retardadores del metabolismo. En este trabajo se adicionaron cobalto y calcio en soluciones preservantes y se evaluaron las variables de consumo de solución, cambios de peso durante la vida postcosecha y vida de florero en tallos de Lily “Star Gazer” y “Star Fighter”. El cobalto actúa como antiséptico, mientras que el calcio permite dar estabilidad a la membrana celular. Se estableció un diseño factorial completamente al azar. Los resultados óptimos se observaron en el tratamiento de 0.5 mM de calcio, adicionado con 0.1 mM de Cobalto. Lo cual permitió establecer que la presencia de cobalto y calcio favoreció el retraso de los síntomas de la senescencia en tallos de LiliumAmong horticultural products, cut flowers are among the most perishable, so during their postharvest life preservative solutions are used to improve their ornamental state, including sugar, an acidifier, an antiseptic and metabolism retarder. In this work, cobalt and calcium were added in preservative solutions and the variables of solution consumption, weight changes during postharvest life and vase life in stems of Lily "Star Gazer" and "Star Fighter" were evaluated. Cobalt acts as an antiseptic, while calcium provides stability to the cell membrane. A completely random factorial design was established. The optimal results were observed in the treatment of 0.5 mM of calcium, added with 0.1 mM of Cobalt. This allowed establishing that the presence of cobalt and calcium favored the delay of the symptoms of senescence in Lilium stems

Calcio y cobalto en soluciones preservantes durante la vida postcosecha de tallos de Lily: cambios en las variables fisiológicas

Las soluciones químicas utilizadas en la postcosecha para mejorar la calidad de flores de corte incluyen azúcar, un acidificante, un antiséptico, así como retardadores del metabolismo. El cobalto tiene un doble efecto, como inhibidor de la síntesis de etileno, así como antiséptico, mientras que el calcio permite dar estabilidad a la membrana celular y retrasar la senescencia. Se estableció un diseño factorial completamente al azar con dos cultivares de Lily y soluciones preservantes con Co y Ca. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre cultivares de las unidades SPAD, los contenidos de nitrógeno, magnesio y hierro, mientras que la actividad peroxidasa solo mostro diferencias en hojas. El etileno y respiración no evidenciaron efecto de tratamiento, aunque la variación de los datos fue muy alta. Lo cual permitió establecer que la presencia de cobalto y calcio modifico algunos síntomas de la senescencia en tallos de Lilium.Chemical solutions used postharvest to improve cut flower quality include sugar, an acidifier, an antiseptic, as well as metabolism retarders. Cobalt has a double effect, as an inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, as well as an antiseptic, while calcium makes it possible to stabilize the cell membrane and delay senescence. A completely randomized factorial design was established with two Lily cultivars and preservative solutions with Co and Ca. The results showed differences between cultivars of the SPAD units, the nitrogen, magnesium and iron contents, while the peroxidase activity only showed differences in sheets. Ethylene and respiration did not show a treatment effect, although the variation in the data was very high. This allowed establishing that the presence of cobalt and calcium modified some symptoms of senescence in Lilium stems

Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth

The unexpectedly high flux of cosmic ray positrons detected at Earth may originate from nearby astrophysical sources, dark matter, or unknown processes of cosmic-ray secondary production. We report the detection, using the HighAltitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), of extended tera-electron volt gamma-ray emission coincident with the locations of two nearby middle-aged pulsars (Geminga and PSR B0656+14). The HAWC observations demonstrate that these pulsars are indeed local sources of accelerated leptons, but the measured tera-electron volt emission profile constrains the diffusion of particles away from these sources to be much slower than previously assumed. We demonstrate that the leptons emitted by these objects are therefore unlikely to be the origin of the excess positrons, which may have a more exotic origin.Comment: 16 pages (including supplementary material), 5 figure

Chemical composition of juice and antihyperglycemic studies in seed of the prehispanic fruit tunillo (Stenocereus stellatus) collected in Oaxaca, Mexico

580-584Tunillo, or pitaya of august (Stenocereus stellatus) is a prehispanic fruit, endemic to the Mixteca region in Mexico and to which a lot of medicinal properties have been associated. However, there are few scientific studies regarding its characterization and use. For these reasons, in this study we carried out a chemical characterization of the juice of four-color variants as well as determine the antihyperglycemic capacity of seed. Physical and chemical characterization were carried out in juice of fruits of Stenocereus after a preselection based on pulp color. Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, organic acid and betalains were quantified in juice and antihyperglycemic capacity was measured in seed. Physicochemical parameters in juice were similar in the 4 variants; regarding the content of pigments, the red variant showed the highest values as well as the highest organic acids. However, the white, orange, and red variants showed better antihyperglycemic capacity. Red tunillo is the best candidate for obtaining pigments and its higher organic acids content correlates with its lower acceptance by the local population. The seeds of the white, orange, and red colors showed promising anhyperglycemic capacity, which suggest that they should be considered for the development of antidiabetic treatments. These results contribute to the use of compex matrices considered waste products of the fruits. This would undoubtedly increase their commercial value

Acoustic and optical variations during rapid downward motion episodes in the deep north-western Mediterranean Sea

An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored at the deep-sea site of the ANTARES neutrino telescope near Toulon, France, thus providing a unique opportunity to compare high-resolution acoustic and optical observations between 70 and 170 m above the sea bed at 2475 m. The ADCP measured downward vertical currents of magnitudes up to 0.03 m s-1 in late winter and early spring 2006. In the same period, observations were made of enhanced levels of acoustic reflection, interpreted as suspended particles including zooplankton, by a factor of about 10 and of horizontal currents reaching 0.35 m s-1. These observations coincided with high light levels detected by the telescope, interpreted as increased bioluminescence. During winter 2006 deep dense-water formation occurred in the Ligurian subbasin, thus providing a possible explanation for these observations. However, the 10-20 days quasi-periodic episodes of high levels of acoustic reflection, light and large vertical currents continuing into the summer are not direct evidence of this process. It is hypothesized that the main process allowing for suspended material to be moved vertically later in the year is local advection, linked with topographic boundary current instabilities along the rim of the 'Northern Current'.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure

Chemical composition of juice and antihyperglycemic studies in seed of the prehispanic fruit tunillo (Stenocereus stellatus) collected in Oaxaca, Mexico

Tunillo, or pitaya of august (Stenocereus stellatus) is a prehispanic fruit, endemic to the Mixteca region in Mexico and to which a lot of medicinal properties have been associated. However, there are few scientific studies regarding its characterization and use. For these reasons, in this study we carried out a chemical characterization of the juice of four-color variants as well as determine the antihyperglycemic capacity of seed. Physical and chemical characterization were carried out in juice of fruits of Stenocereus after a preselection based on pulp color. Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, organic acid and betalains were quantified in juice and antihyperglycemic capacity was measured in seed. Physicochemical parameters in juice were similar in the 4 variants; regarding the content of pigments, the red variant showed the highest values as well as the highest organic acids. However, the white, orange, and red variants showed better antihyperglycemic capacity. Red tunillo is the best candidate for obtaining pigments and its higher organic acids content correlates with its lower acceptance by the local population. The seeds of the white, orange, and red colors showed promising anhyperglycemic capacity, which suggest that they should be considered for the development of antidiabetic treatments. These results contribute to the use of compex matrices considered waste products of the fruits. This would undoubtedly increase their commercial value

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro