Native breeds of the oaxaqueña Mixteca of México

The Mixteca region is one of the most important areas of the Pacific Mexico with respect to the extensive farming, where the special richness of the Creole population of hens, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and in a lower wake horses, turkeys and honey bees. Instead of this richness and its socio-economic importance in this region, few scientific studies have been developed about these animals. In this communication, we are developing a description of the most important population existing in this region, pointing out some aspects about their origin, geographical localization, management system, etc. Presently, the lines proposed by FAO for the conservation of the genetic resources is sensitising Mexico and all Latin-America for the conservation of their own resources. In this way, we can stand out the decay of this region in the enclosing of their breed in the international scientific community, what it is shown in the absence of most of them in publications such us the world watch list or the DAD-IS program.La Mixteca es una de las regiones ganaderas extensivas más importantes del México Pacífico, destacada por su gran riqueza en poblaciones criollas de gallinas, ovinos, caprinos, bovinos, porcinos y en menor medida equinos, pavos y abejas. A pesar de esta riqueza y de su importante repercusión socio-económica en esta región, son escasos los estudios científicos realizados sobre estos animales. En este trabajo se realiza una descripción de las principales poblaciones existentes, precisando algunos aspectos sobre su origen, ubicación geográfica, sistema de manejo, producción y opciones de futuro. En la actualidad las líneas impuestas por el programa global de la FAO para la conservación de los recursos genéticos está sensibilizando a México y a toda América Latina en pro de la conservación de sus propios recursos. En este sentido cabe destacar el retraso de esta región en incorporar sus razas a la comunidad científica internacional, lo que queda demostrado por la ausencia de la mayoría de ellos en publicaciones como el World Watch List o el programa DAD-IS

Tendency in the growth of creole kids in extensive systems

The present investigation was developed at the State of Puebla, Mexico, to describe the tendency in the growth of Creole kids by means of the evaluation of the average daily weight gain (ADWG). A total of 161 kids were controlled from the birth to the 102 days of age. Every 15 days the kids were weighed, previous fasting with separation of the mother from afternoon of the previous day. The variables included were date and weight at birth, sex, childbirth type and weights every 15 days. The results show that the average weight to the birth was 2.562 ± 0.583 kg, the males surpassing females (p<0.01) in 9.57 percent (0.232 kg). Differences were observed in favour of those of simple childbirth. The final weight was 10.186 ± 2.723 kg for the females and 11.508 ± 3.616 kg for the males. The males from simple childbirth reached a greater weight (12.229 kg). The average daily weight gain (g) for all the animals was of 82.37 ± 26.9 g. The weight at the first month reached 106.2 g; at the second 95.5 g and 53.9 g at third. The smaller gains are observed in the females born from double childbirth with 64.01 ± 17.1 g, whereas the best growth behavior was find in males from simple childbirth with 94.34 ± 30.31 g. The better adjustment of the growth was obtained with potential type equations for the total of kids (Y= 3.23X0.262); second degree polynomial equations were better for the females (Y= 3.35 + 0.07497X -0.00007085 X2); potential equations for males (Y= 4.23X0.21); and also, potential for kids of simple childbirth (Y= 3.91X0.23) and second degree polynomial equations for kids of double childbirth (Y= 3.26 + 0.0947X - 0.00002069 X2).En el Estado de Puebla, México, se desarrolló la presente investigación con el objetivo de describir la tendencia en el crecimiento de cabritos criollos mediante la evaluación de la ganancia media diaria de peso (GMDp). Se dio seguimiento individual a 161 cabritos desde el nacimiento hasta los 102 días de edad, pesándose cada 15 días, previo ayuno con separación de la madre desde la tarde del día anterior. Las variables consideradas fueron fecha y peso de nacimiento, sexo, tipo de parto y pesos quincenales. Los resultados muestran que el peso promedio al nacimiento es de 2,562 ± 0,583 kg, superando los machos a las hembras (p<0,01) en un 9,57 p.100 (0,232 kg). Los de parto simple tuvieron mejor comportamiento. El peso final fue de 10,186 ± 2,723 kg para las hembras y de 11,508 ± 3,616 kg para los machos. La ganancia media diaria de peso (g) para el total de los animales fue de 82,37 ± 26,9 g en promedio. Por períodos, al primer mes alcanzan 106,2 g; en el segundo 95,5 g y 53,9 en el tercero. Las menores ganancias se observan en las hembras nacidas de parto gemelar, con 64,01 ± 17,1 g, mientras que el mejor comportamiento lo tienen los machos simples con 94,34 ± 30,31g. Las ecuaciones de mejor ajuste del crecimiento fueron de tipo potencial para el total de cabritos (Y= 3,23X 0,262); polinomial de segundo grado para las hembras (Y= 3,35 + 0,07497X - 0,00007085X2); potencial para machos (Y= 4,23X 0,21); potencial para cabritos de parto simple (Y =3,91X 0,23) y polinomial de segundo grado para cabritos de parto doble (Y= 3,26 + 0,0947X - 0,00002069X2)

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at s=900\sqrt{s} = 900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$ GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region $(|\eta|<0.8)$ over the transverse momentum range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<10$ GeV/$c$. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for $|\eta|<0.8$ is $\left<p_{\rm T}\right>_{\rm INEL}=0.483\pm0.001$ (stat.) $\pm0.007$ (syst.) GeV/$c$ and \left_{\rm NSD}=0.489\pm0.001 (stat.) $\pm0.007$ (syst.) GeV/$c$, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger $\left<p_{\rm T}\right>$ than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/390

The meat goat and the flocks performance under improved management

The objective of this study was to characterize the Creole meat goat and evaluate some management practices on the productive flock performance and economic benefits under on-farm conditions in the central region of Puebla (Mexico). Zoometrical variables and liveweight of 469 goats, aged 1.5 to 5 years were recorded. Production, management and budget data were taken monthly visiting 70 goat flocks from the rural farmers organization in the region. The flocks were classified for technological level: traditional, transitional and minimum inputs. The meat goats are medium size according to their height at withers, body length, and liveweight. Bucks had higher (p£0.05) body measurements and liveweight than the does. There was a progressive increase in liveweight from 1.5 to 5 years of age. The applied variance and discriminate analysis on the goat flocks data found out that higher profit are obtained from herds depending on minimum inputs, as compared to the traditional and transitional management; it can be explained by the specializing in rearing meat goat of the minimum inputs flocks.El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar a la cabra para carne y evaluar el efecto que tiene la mejora de las prácticas de manejo en los parámetros productivos y económicos de las explotaciones en la región central de Puebla, México. El estudio de la caracterización zoométrica y del peso vivo se realizó en 469 caprinos, con una edad de 1,5 a 5 años. Para estudiar las prácticas de manejo, las producciones y los registros económicos se dio seguimiento a 70 explotaciones, clasificadas en tres grupos: tradicionales, transicionales y de mínimos insumos. Los caprinos del área de estudio son de tamaño mediano por su altura a la cruz, longitud de cuerpo y peso vivo. Los machos tuvieron variables zoométricas y peso vivo significativamente (p£0,05) mayores que las hembras. El peso vivo se incrementó conforme avanzó la edad de los animales. El análisis de varianza y discriminante de las explotaciones, indica que las explotaciones de mínimos insumos tienen los mayores ingresos, por estar más orientadas al mercado

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at √s=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<pT<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |η|<0.8 is 〈pT〉INEL=0.483±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and 〈pT〉NSD=0.489±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger 〈pT〉 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

International audienceOn 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of $\sim 1.7\,{\rm{s}}$ with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of ${40}_{-8}^{+8}$ Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 $\,{M}_{\odot }$. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at $\sim 40\,{\rm{Mpc}}$) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position $\sim 9$ and $\sim 16$ days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta