11 research outputs found

    Charakterisierung der histologischen Morphologie des gesunden und des erkrankten felinen Mittel-und Innenohres

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    In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Histomorphologie relevanter Mittel- und Innenohrstrukturen bei gesunden Katzen und bei Tieren mit Mittel- und Innenohrerkrankungen charakterisiert. In Vorversuchen wurde eine standardisierte Sektions- und PrĂ€parationstechnik entwickelt sowie detaillierte Protokolle zur Prozessierung der Proben und zur Herstellung reprĂ€sentativer histologischer SchnittprĂ€parate des felinen Mittel- und Innenohres etabliert. Mit diesen Techniken wurden ĂŒber einen Zeitraum von dreieinhalb Jahren histologische OhrenprĂ€parate von mehr als 200 Katzen aus dem Sektionsgut des Instituts fĂŒr Tierpathologie der LMU MĂŒnchen hergestellt. Auf Grundlage der histologischen Untersuchungen der SchnittprĂ€parate erfolgte die Unterscheidung von „gesunden“ und alterierten Mittel- und Innenohren und die Charakterisierung vorhandener pathomorphologischer Alterationen (Typ, Verteilung, Ausdehnung, Schweregrad). Statistische Analysen der Befunde zeigten, dass 63 % der untersuchten Katzen histologische Alterationen des Mittelohres aufwiesen, wohingegen lediglich bei 21 % der Katzen makroskopisch erkennbare MittelohrlĂ€sionen vorhanden waren. Bei den festgestellten VerĂ€nderungen handelte es sich ausschließlich um entzĂŒndliche Alterationen. Nahezu die HĂ€lfte der Katzen mit MittelohrentzĂŒndungen wies akute EntzĂŒndungsgeschehen auf, welche grĂ¶ĂŸtenteils gering- bis mittelgradige Schweregrade besaßen. Insgesamt 42 % der Katzen mit MittelohrentzĂŒndungen zeigten chronische VerlĂ€ufe mehrheitlich hochgradiger Schweregrade. Insbesondere bei chronischen MittelohrentzĂŒndungen kamen sehr hĂ€ufig Mischformen verschiedener EntzĂŒndungstypen vor. MittelohrentzĂŒndungen traten mit statistisch signifikanter HĂ€ufung bei an Parvovirose erkrankten Katzen und bei Tieren mit Erkrankungen im Respirationstrakt auf. InnenohrentzĂŒndungen waren bei 20 % der untersuchten Tiere vorhanden und traten ausschließlich bei Katzen mit gleichzeitig bestehender Otitis media auf. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die hohe Relevanz der Otitis media und interna bei der Katze. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt darĂŒber hinaus eine nĂŒtzliche Referenz praktikabler, standardisierter und reproduzierbarer Techniken zur Entnahme und Prozessierung reprĂ€sentativer Gewebeproben des felinen Mittel- und Innenohres fĂŒr histo(patho)logische Untersuchungen dar und illustriert nahezu das gesamte Spektrum der bei gesunden und bei entzĂŒndlich alterierten Mittel- und Innenohren vorkommenden histomorphologischen Befunde

    Charakterisierung der histologischen Morphologie des gesunden und des erkrankten felinen Mittel-und Innenohres

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    In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Histomorphologie relevanter Mittel- und Innenohrstrukturen bei gesunden Katzen und bei Tieren mit Mittel- und Innenohrerkrankungen charakterisiert. In Vorversuchen wurde eine standardisierte Sektions- und PrĂ€parationstechnik entwickelt sowie detaillierte Protokolle zur Prozessierung der Proben und zur Herstellung reprĂ€sentativer histologischer SchnittprĂ€parate des felinen Mittel- und Innenohres etabliert. Mit diesen Techniken wurden ĂŒber einen Zeitraum von dreieinhalb Jahren histologische OhrenprĂ€parate von mehr als 200 Katzen aus dem Sektionsgut des Instituts fĂŒr Tierpathologie der LMU MĂŒnchen hergestellt. Auf Grundlage der histologischen Untersuchungen der SchnittprĂ€parate erfolgte die Unterscheidung von „gesunden“ und alterierten Mittel- und Innenohren und die Charakterisierung vorhandener pathomorphologischer Alterationen (Typ, Verteilung, Ausdehnung, Schweregrad). Statistische Analysen der Befunde zeigten, dass 63 % der untersuchten Katzen histologische Alterationen des Mittelohres aufwiesen, wohingegen lediglich bei 21 % der Katzen makroskopisch erkennbare MittelohrlĂ€sionen vorhanden waren. Bei den festgestellten VerĂ€nderungen handelte es sich ausschließlich um entzĂŒndliche Alterationen. Nahezu die HĂ€lfte der Katzen mit MittelohrentzĂŒndungen wies akute EntzĂŒndungsgeschehen auf, welche grĂ¶ĂŸtenteils gering- bis mittelgradige Schweregrade besaßen. Insgesamt 42 % der Katzen mit MittelohrentzĂŒndungen zeigten chronische VerlĂ€ufe mehrheitlich hochgradiger Schweregrade. Insbesondere bei chronischen MittelohrentzĂŒndungen kamen sehr hĂ€ufig Mischformen verschiedener EntzĂŒndungstypen vor. MittelohrentzĂŒndungen traten mit statistisch signifikanter HĂ€ufung bei an Parvovirose erkrankten Katzen und bei Tieren mit Erkrankungen im Respirationstrakt auf. InnenohrentzĂŒndungen waren bei 20 % der untersuchten Tiere vorhanden und traten ausschließlich bei Katzen mit gleichzeitig bestehender Otitis media auf. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die hohe Relevanz der Otitis media und interna bei der Katze. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt darĂŒber hinaus eine nĂŒtzliche Referenz praktikabler, standardisierter und reproduzierbarer Techniken zur Entnahme und Prozessierung reprĂ€sentativer Gewebeproben des felinen Mittel- und Innenohres fĂŒr histo(patho)logische Untersuchungen dar und illustriert nahezu das gesamte Spektrum der bei gesunden und bei entzĂŒndlich alterierten Mittel- und Innenohren vorkommenden histomorphologischen Befunde

    The Munich MIDY Pig Biobank - A unique resource for studying organ crosstalk in diabetes

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    OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated complications is steadily increasing. As a resource for studying systemic consequences of chronic insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia, we established a comprehensive biobank of long-term diabetic INSC94Y transgenic pigs, a model of mutant INS gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY), and of wild-type (WT) littermates. METHODS: Female MIDY pigs (n = 4) were maintained with suboptimal insulin treatment for 2 years, together with female WT littermates (n = 5). Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels were regularly determined using specific immunoassays. In addition, clinical chemical, targeted metabolomics, and lipidomics analyses were performed. At age 2 years, all pigs were euthanized, necropsied, and a broad spectrum of tissues was taken by systematic uniform random sampling procedures. Total beta cell volume was determined by stereological methods. A pilot proteome analysis of pancreas, liver, and kidney cortex was performed by label free proteomics. RESULTS: MIDY pigs had elevated fasting plasma glucose and fructosamine concentrations, C-peptide levels that decreased with age and were undetectable at 2 years, and an 82% reduced total beta cell volume compared to WT. Plasma glucagon and beta hydroxybutyrate levels of MIDY pigs were chronically elevated, reflecting hallmarks of poorly controlled diabetes in humans. In total, ∌1900 samples of different body fluids (blood, serum, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid) as well as ∌17,000 samples from ∌50 different tissues and organs were preserved to facilitate a plethora of morphological and molecular analyses. Principal component analyses of plasma targeted metabolomics and lipidomics data and of proteome profiles from pancreas, liver, and kidney cortex clearly separated MIDY and WT samples. CONCLUSIONS: The broad spectrum of well-defined biosamples in the Munich MIDY Pig Biobank that will be available to the scientific community provides a unique resource for systematic studies of organ crosstalk in diabetes in a multi-organ, multi-omics dimension

    The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

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    International audienceWe describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin’s LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg2, as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg2. We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic test bed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time domain cosmology

    The Tolerogenic Function of Regulatory T Cells in Pregnancy and Cancer

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    Prevalence and risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

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    Background and objective Enterobacteriaceae (EB) spp. family is known to include potentially multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, and remains as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and specific risk factors associated with EB and MDR-EB in a cohort of hospitalized adults with CAP. Methods We performed a multinational, point-prevalence study of adult patients hospitalized with CAP. MDR-EB was defined when >= 3 antimicrobial classes were identified as non-susceptible. Risk factors assessment was also performed for patients with EB and MDR-EB infection. Results Of the 3193 patients enrolled with CAP, 197 (6%) had a positive culture with EB. Fifty-one percent (n = 100) of EB were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 19% (n = 38) had MDR-EB. The most commonly EB identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 111, 56%) and Escherichia coli (n = 56, 28%). The risk factors that were independently associated with EB CAP were male gender, severe CAP, underweight (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5) and prior extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) infection. Additionally, prior ESBL infection, being underweight, cardiovascular diseases and hospitalization in the last 12 months were independently associated with MDR-EB CAP. Conclusion This study of adults hospitalized with CAP found a prevalence of EB of 6% and MDR-EB of 1.2%, respectively. The presence of specific risk factors, such as prior ESBL infection and being underweight, should raise the clinical suspicion for EB and MDR-EB in patients hospitalized with CAP

    Microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia: an international study

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    This study aimed to describe real-life microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to assess concordance with the 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) and 2011 European Respiratory Society (ERS) CAP guidelines. This was a cohort study based on the Global Initiative for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia (GLIMP) database, which contains point-prevalence data on adults hospitalised with CAP across 54 countries during 2015. In total, 3702 patients were included. Testing was performed in 3217 patients, and included blood culture (71.1%), sputum culture (61.8%), Legionella urinary antigen test (30.1%), pneumococcal urinary antigen test (30.0%), viral testing (14.9%), acute-phase serology (8.8%), bronchoalveolar lavage culture (8.4%) and pleural fluid culture (3.2%). A pathogen was detected in 1173 (36.5%) patients. Testing attitudes varied significantly according to geography and disease severity. Testing was concordant with IDSA/ATS and ERS guidelines in 16.7% and 23.9% of patients, respectively. IDSA/ATS concordance was higher in Europe than in North America (21.5% versus 9.8%; p<0.01), while ERS concordance was higher in North America than in Europe (33.5% versus 19.5%; p<0.01). Testing practices of adults hospitalised with CAP varied significantly by geography and disease severity. There was a wide discordance between real-life testing practices and IDSA/ATS/ERS guideline recommendations

    International prevalence and risk factors evaluation for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

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    Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial pathogen isolated in subjects with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the current global burden and risk factors associated with drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in CAP subjects. We assessed the multinational prevalence and risk factors for DRSP-CAP in a multinational point-prevalence study. Design: The prevalence of DRSP-CAP was assessed by identification of DRSP in blood or respiratory samples among adults hospitalized with CAP in 54 countries. Prevalence and risk factors were compared among subjects that had microbiological testing and antibiotic susceptibility data. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors independently associated with DRSP-CAP. Results: 3,193 subjects were included in the study. The global prevalence of DRSP-CAP was 1.3% and continental prevalence rates were 7.0% in Africa, 1.2% in Asia, and 1.0% in South America, Europe, and North America, respectively. Macrolide resistance was most frequently identified in subjects with DRSP-CAP (0.6%) followed by penicillin resistance (0.5%). Subjects in Africa were more likely to have DRSP-CAP (OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 3.34-15.35, p < 0.001) when compared to centres representing other continents. Conclusions: This multinational point-prevalence study found a low global prevalence of DRSP-CAP that may impact guideline development and antimicrobial policies. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association
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