Effect of Self-care on Quality of Life of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Long term diseases and their psycho-cognitive physiologic defects or signs affect life quality of the patients in different life stages and threaten their health resulting in their disabilities. Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a long-term life threatening disease can make acute disabilities affecting patients’ life trend. Unknown manner of disease, poor prognosis and treatment on one hand and hard prevention on the other hand have all limited the treatment to a supportive one although patients can have almost a normal length of life with appropriate self-care. Self care can well diminish the disease extension and complications provides the patient with a better life quality and his family with a better coping ability against new conditions. So this study was carried out with the above title. This study was quasi-experimental and the method of data gathering was questionnaires which included two sections as follows 26 MS patients referring to private and clinic of Isfahan Alzahra hospital were selected by convenient sampling. After that, the subjects started self-care programs for three weeks and then life quality questionnaire was filled either with the patients or the researcher. The findings were analyzed and compared with former findings through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed a noticeable increase in life quality mean score in domain of physical function (P<0.001), psycho cognitive domain (p<0.001), social function (P<0.001) and general health (p<0.001) after self care program. There was also a sharp increase in total life quality score after self-care program compared with before that. The findings showed that self-care could positively affect life quality items. It is hoped that by formation of educational supportive associations or at least a well equipped rehabilitation center for the patients, the patients can be provided with facilities of self-care as well as a condition in which the patients themselves carry out their self care

Effect of Self-care on Quality of Life of Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

مولتیپل اسکلروزیس به عنوان یک بیماری غیرقابل درمان و دارای معلولیتهای فراوان، تا حدود زیادی زندگی طبیعی مبتلایان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. با آموزش مراقبت از خود می توان از بروز یا پیشرفت بسیاری از عوارض کاست، زندگی مطلوب را افزایش داد و در تحمل بسیاری از مشکلات بوسیله سازگاری با شرایط به وجود آمده، خانواده را یاری داد؛ لذا این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر خودمراقبتی بر کیفیت زندگی مبتلایان به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس صورت گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت نیمه تجربی، یک گروهی و دو مرحله ای انجام شده است. تعداد کل نمونه ها 28 بیمارمبتلا به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس مراجعه کننده به یکی ازدرمانگاه های خصوصی ونیز درمـانگاه بیمارستان الزهرا بوده اند که با روش نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شده اند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه خود ساخته کیفیت زندگی جمع آوری گردیده است. نتایج حاصل با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با نتایج قبلی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که افزایش چشمگیری در میانگین امتیازات کیفیت زندگی در حیطه های عملکردجسمانی، روانشناختی ،حیطه عملکرد اجتماعی و سلامت عمومی بعد از اقدام به خودمراقبتی ایجاد شده است. همچنین یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که میانگین امتیازات کلی کیفیت زندگی بعد از خودمراقبتی افزایش بارزی نسبت به قبل از خودمراقبتی داشته است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان می دهد که انجام خودمراقبتی تاثیر مثبتی بر روی اجزای کیفیت زندگی دارد. امید است با ایجاد و تقویت انجمن های آموزشی و حمایتی، امکان انجام اقدامات خود مراقبتی برای بیماران مبتلا به مولیتپل اسکلروز فراهم گردد

The Effects of Succimer and Penicillamine on Acute Lead Poisoning Patients

Background: Lead poisoning was on the rise in recent years. There exists a lack of easy access to some of the main chelator drugs in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to explore the comparative effects of Succimer and D-Penicillamine on acute lead poisoning patients from 2013 to 2018. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Clinical Toxicology Department of Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan City, Iran. Adult patients with acute lead poisoning were included in the study. Patients in the 3 treatment groups of D-Penicillamine, D-Penicillamine with succimer, and succimer were compared concerning demographic characteristics as well as clinical and laboratory findings at admission time and two weeks later.Results: In total, 163 patients were evaluated in this research. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups respecting improvement in clinical symptoms. The mean blood lead levels during hospitalization and two weeks after the treatment did not significantly differ between the three groups; however, there was a significant reduction in all study groups after two weeks of treatment (P&lt;0.05). The mean white blood cell count was significantly lower only in the D-Penicillamine group two weeks after hospitalization (P&lt;0.05). In the D-Penicillamine group, the mean platelet, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were significantly lower two weeks after hospitalization, although within the healthy range.Conclusion: D-Penicillamine may be an acceptable chelator drug for treating patients with acute lead poisoning, especially in communities without access to drugs, like succimer

Quality of life in peptic ulcer patients referring to Al-Zahra hospital of Isfahan, Iran

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine quality of life in peptic ulcer patients referring to Al-Zahra hospital of Isfahan. Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most prevalent diseases. Its prevalence is 6-15% and about 10% of people experience its symptom in their life. PUD can have a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life (QOL). Patients and methods: This descriptive- analytic survey was done on 93 randomly patients referred to Al-Zahra hospital of Isfahan city in Iran. Data gathering was done via questionnaire including five domains: physical, psychological, social, behavioral and economical. For data analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA test were used. Results: 93 patients with mean age of 38.54 years, including 43 (46.2%) women and 54 (53.8%) men, were studied. There was a negative significant between quality of life and age and between disease duration and psychological, economical domains and between the mean of QOL scores in physical and social domains with the number of cigarette per day, also there was significant relation between social domain and gender, and physical, psychological and behavioral domains with marital status; Physical, social domains with smoking. Also there was a negative significant between physical, social and behavioral domains with years of smoking. Conclusion: Study results showed that quality of life is in a relatively good level among patients, thus some diseases such as peptic ulcer can effect on quality of life. So, treatment and prevention of these diseases may improve their quality of life

ارزیابی وضعیت فرسودگی شغلی در پرسنل عملیاتی اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی

Introduction: Since pre-hospital emergency staff, who play a vital role in saving peoples’ lives, work under a lot of pressure, determining the rate and dangers of their job burnout is very important. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the job burnout rate of the pre-hospital emergency staff in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all of the pre-hospital emergency staff in all emergency operation centers in Isfahan were included. Using the standard Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire, the job burnout rate of emergency technicians was measured. The studied aspects were frequency and intensity of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment feeling, which were then divided into 3 levels (low, average and high) according to the intensity and frequency of these feelings. Results: In the end, 68 technicians were involved in this study (Mean age 26.97±7.7; 42.6% single). Regarding intensity, their mean emotional exhaustion score was 25.59±20.39, depersonalization score was 10.57±7.83 and personal accomplishment feeling was 34.6±8.46. Moreover, the mean emotional exhaustion frequency was 21.21±11.95 (low level), depersonalization frequency was 8.94±5.43 (low level) and personal accomplishment feeling frequency was 26.82±5.72 (high level). Conclusion: The data obtained in this study shows that the pre-hospital emergency technicians in Isfahan show average levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization intensity and frequency and feel highly unaccomplished.مقدمه: با توجه به شرایط کاری و پر استرس کارکنان اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی به عنوان افرادی که نقش حیاتی در نجات جان انسان ها بر عهده دارند، شناسایی میزان و خطر فرسودگی شغلی در این پرسنل بسیار اهمیت دارد. به همین منظور انجام پژوهش حاضر به منظور تعیین میزان فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان عملیاتی پایگاه های شهر اصفهان انجام پذیرفت. روش کار: در پژوهش مقطعی حاضر، کلیه کارکنان عملیاتی پایگاه های شهری اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی سطح شهر اصفهان وارد مطالعه شدند شدند. با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد فرسودگی شغلی ماسلاچ، وضعیت فرسودگی شغلی تکنسین های اورژانس مورد ارزیابی واقع شد. جنبه های مورد ارزیابی شامل تعداد دفعات بروز و شدت خستگی هیجانی، مسخ شخصیت و احساس کفایت شخصی بود. رتبه بندی تعداد دفعات و شدت بروز این احساسات در سه گروه کم، متوسط و زیاد تقسیم بندی گردید. يافته ها: در نهایت 68 تکنسین وارد مطالعه شدند (میانگین سنی 7/7±97/26 سال؛ 6/42 درصد مجرد). از نظر شدت، میانگین امتیاز خستگی هیجانی افراد برابر 39/20±59/25 (سطح متوسط)، امتیاز مسخ شخصیت برابر 83/7±57/10 (سطح متوسط) و امتیاز کفایت شخصی برابر 46/8±6/34 (سطح متوسط) بود. همچنین تعداد دفعات بروز خستگی هیجانی برابر 95/11±21/21 (سطح کم)، مسخ شخصیت برابر 43/5±94/8 (سطح متوسط) و کفایت شخصی برابر 72/5±82/26 (سطح زیاد) به دست آمد. نتيجه گيری: یافته های به دست آمده از اين بررسی نشان داد كه پرسنل عملياتي اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی شهر اصفهان درجات متوسطی از شدت و دفعات احساس خستگی هیجانی، مسخ شخصیت و به مقدار زیادی احساس عدم کفایت شخصی را گزارش نمودند

Investigating the Effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Program Based on Executive Functions on Processing Speed and Attention of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program on processing speed and attention of children with autism spectrum disorder. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, control group and follow-up design. The statistical population included all autistic students in the academic year 2022-2023 in Tehran. A sample of 20 students were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 20 sessions of 30 mins cognitive rehabilitation intervention, twice per week while the control group did not receive any intervention. Integrated Visual and Auditory Continues Performance was used to collect data in three stages (before, after and two months later after the implementation of the cognitive rehabilitation program). The data analyses were done by repeated measurement test. The result showed that the cognitive rehabilitation program had effect on the processing speed and attention of students with autism spectrum disorder. Based on this finding, it is suggested that this program can be used to strengthen and improve executive functions of children with autism spectrum

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future