PEREMPUAN PENGIKUT TAREKAT NAQSYABANDIYAH DI DESA SUNGAI RUAN ULU KABUPATEN BATANGHARI TAHUN 2008-2019

skripsi ini mendeskrifsikan tentang fenomena perempuan dalam tarekat (ajaran tasawuf). Dimana keterlibatan perempuan dalam aktivitas tarekat mengalami peningkatan. Dalam hal ini tarekat naqsyabandiyah, sebagai salah satu aktivitas kehidupan beragama menjadi pilihan bagi perempuan di Desa sungai Ruan Ulu. Oleh karena itu, peneliti ingin mendeskrifsikan tentang Perempuan Pengikut Tarekat di Desa Sungai Ruan Ulu Kabupaten Batanghari Tahun 2008- 2019. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pusposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukka n bahwa tarekat naqsyabandiyah hadir di Desa Sungai Ruan Ulu tahun 1984, dibawah oleh Syaikh Ali. Namun, aktivitas tarekat naqsyabandiyah mengalami pasang surut, dimana pada tahun 1995 tarekat naqsyabandiyah tidak berkembang dengan baik, karena Syaikh Ali meninggal dunia. Namun tarekat naqsyabandiyah tetap beraktivitas sampai 2007 tarekat naqsyabandiyah sudah tidak berkembang lagi, di karenakan meninggalnya Khalifah dan murid tarekat naqsyabandiyah sehi ngga tidak ada lagi yang meneruskan ajaran tarekat naqsyabandiyah di Desa Sungai Ruan Ulu, dan tahun 2008 tarekat naqsyabandiyah mulai masuk ke Desa Sungai Ruan Ulu yang dibawah oleh salah satu murid dari Syaikh Muda Muhammad Ali Idris yang awalnya mempunyai murid berjumlah 13 pengikut, 3 diantaranya adalah perempuan. Sampai tahun 2019 tarekat naqsyabandiyah memiliki murid yang berjumlah 180 pengikut, diantaranya 85 laki-laki dan 95 perempuan. Motivasi perempuan mengikuti ajaran tarekat naqsyabandiyah di Desa Sungai Ruan Ulu diantaranya adalah rasa cinta terhadap suami dan orang tua sehingga membuat perempuan mengikuti ajaran tarekat naqsyabandiyah, selain itu juga untuk menata hati agar bisa menjaga hati dari kotoran di dalam hati, menambah amalan yaitu melakukan bersuluk dan berzikir, mendekatkan diri kepada Allah swt dan sholat lebih baik. Adapun gambaran perempuan dalam tarekat naqsyabandiyah adalah tahun 2008 perempuan yang mengikuti tarekat mereka sudah lebih dulu dibekali pemahaman akan ilmu tasawuf. 2010 sampai 2019 mereka yang mengikuti tarekat berdasarkan ajakan dari para orang yang mengikuti tarekat naqsyabandiyah. dari tahun 2008 sampai 2019 amalan baik lakilaki dan perempuan amalan yang mereka terima sama saja yaitu dzikir, perempuan yang sudah tua atau sudah tidak lagi sanggup untuk mengikuti majelis mereka bisa melakukan dzikir harian yang dilakukan di tempat yang sunyi/tidak diketahui oleh orang yang belum mengikuti ajaran tarekat naqsyabandiyah. dzikir mingguan yang dilakukan setiap malam kamis pada rumah-rumah yang sudah ditentukan oleh guru, yang dilakukan secara berjamaah dan dipimpin oleh guru. Namum bagi perempuan yang kedatangan tamu bulanan (Haid) mereka tetap bisax mengikuti majelis, tetapi mereka tidak bisa mengikuti sholat berjamaah dan dzikir mereka hanya mendengarkan nasehat yang diberikan oleh guru kepada murid, agar seorang murid tidak lupa dengan perilakunya. Dalam tarekat naqsyabandiyah perempuan dan laki-laki tidak ada perbedaannya hanya beda tingkatnya atau kedudukannya saja

NASKAH SURE’ PANESSAI ESSO (SURAT PENJELASAN HARI) DI TELUK SERDANG DESA MARGA MULYA KECAMATAN RANTAU RASAU KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR

Penelitian ini membahas tentang naskah Bugis sure’ panessai esso yaitu surat yang menjelaskan hari baik dan buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap sejarah naskah sure’ panessai esso dan mengetahui isi yang terkandung dalam naskah sure’ panessai esso, serta mengetahui fungsi naskah sure’ panessai esso bagi masyarakat Bugis di Teluk Serdang Desa Marga Mulya Kecamatan Rantau Rasau Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan filologi. Selain itu, dijelaskan pula tentang teknik analisis data dan langkah kerja dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sejarah naskah sure’ panessai esso yang terdapat di Teluk Serdang Desa Marga Mulya akibat dari adanya proses transmigrasi masyarakat Bugis dari Pulau Sulawesi. Naskah sure’ panessai esso mengandung informasi tentang penentuan hari baik dan buruk dalam meluai suatu aktivitas. Fungsi naskah ini bagi masyarakat Bugis digunakan sebagai pedoman menentukan hari baik dan buruk dalam suatu aktivitas misalnya, naik rumah baru, pernikahan, merantau, melakukan acara selamatan dan lain sebagainya

An electrochemical system for efficiently harvesting low-grade heat energy

Efficient and low-cost thermal energy-harvesting systems are needed to utilize the tremendous low-grade heat sources. Although thermoelectric devices are attractive, its efficiency is limited by the relatively low figure-of-merit and low-temperature differential. An alternative approach is to explore thermodynamic cycles. Thermogalvanic effect, the dependence of electrode potential on temperature, can construct such cycles. In one cycle, an electrochemical cell is charged at a temperature and then discharged at a different temperature with higher cell voltage, thereby converting heat to electricity. Here we report an electrochemical system using a copper hexacyanoferrate cathode and a Cu/Cu2+ anode to convert heat into electricity. The electrode materials have low polarization, high charge capacity, moderate temperature coefficients and low specific heat. These features lead to a high heat-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 5.7% when cycled between 10 and 60 degrees C, opening a promising way to utilize low-grade heat.open121

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein as potential biomarker for alpha-fetoprotein-low hepatocellular carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor because of late diagnosis. We determined the performances of α -1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for the diagnosis of HCC, especially for α-fetoprotein (AFP)-low HCC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Of the 220 patients included in this retrospective study, 124 had HCC, and 61 (49%) of these were AFP-low HCC (AFP ≤ 20 ng/mL). The remaining 96 patients, including 49 with chronic hepatitis B or C and 47 with cirrhosis, were considered as control. Plasma AAG was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed using Western blot technique.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When all patients with HCC were evaluated, the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for AAG (0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97) and DCP (0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.95) were similar (<it>P </it>= 0.40). AAG had better area under ROC curve (0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99) than DCP (0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.93) for AFP-low HCC (<it>P </it>< 0.05). At the specificity 95%, the sensitivity of AAG was higher in AFP-low HCC than in AFP-high HCC (82% and 62%, respectively). In contrast, higher sensitivity was obtained from DCP in discriminating HCC patients with low AFP than that in high AFP (57% and 90%, respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our cross-sectional study showed that AAG was better performance in diagnosing HCC patients with low AFP, while DCP did better in those with high AFP.</p

Rule-Based Cell Systems Model of Aging using Feedback Loop Motifs Mediated by Stress Responses

Investigating the complex systems dynamics of the aging process requires integration of a broad range of cellular processes describing damage and functional decline co-existing with adaptive and protective regulatory mechanisms. We evolve an integrated generic cell network to represent the connectivity of key cellular mechanisms structured into positive and negative feedback loop motifs centrally important for aging. The conceptual network is casted into a fuzzy-logic, hybrid-intelligent framework based on interaction rules assembled from a priori knowledge. Based upon a classical homeostatic representation of cellular energy metabolism, we first demonstrate how positive-feedback loops accelerate damage and decline consistent with a vicious cycle. This model is iteratively extended towards an adaptive response model by incorporating protective negative-feedback loop circuits. Time-lapse simulations of the adaptive response model uncover how transcriptional and translational changes, mediated by stress sensors NF-κB and mTOR, counteract accumulating damage and dysfunction by modulating mitochondrial respiration, metabolic fluxes, biosynthesis, and autophagy, crucial for cellular survival. The model allows consideration of lifespan optimization scenarios with respect to fitness criteria using a sensitivity analysis. Our work establishes a novel extendable and scalable computational approach capable to connect tractable molecular mechanisms with cellular network dynamics underlying the emerging aging phenotype

Interannual climate variation, land type and village livelihood effects on fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia

The increasing extent and frequency of fires globally requires nuanced understanding of the drivers of largescale events for improved prevention and mitigation. Yet, the drivers of fires are often poorly understood by various stakeholders in spatially expansive and temporally dynamic landscapes. Further, perceptions about the main cause of fires vary amongst stakeholders, which amplify ongoing challenges from policies being implemented inconsistently across different governance levels. Here, we develop a spatially and temporallyexplicit typology of fire prevalence across Kalimantan, Indonesia, a region with significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. Based on livelihood information and data on climate, soil type and forest degradation status, we find that in intact forest the density of fires in villages that largely coincide with oil palm concessions was twice as high as in villages outside the concessions across all years. Fires occurring in degraded land on mineral soil across all years were also most prevalent in villages with industrial plantations (oil palm or timber). On the other hand, in degraded peatland, where fires are most intense during dry years induced by the El Niño episodes, occurrence rates were high regardless of village primary livelihoods. Based on these findings we recommend two key priorities for fire mitigation going forward for policy across different governance levels in Kalimantan: degraded peatland as the priority area and industrial plantations as the priority sector. Our study suggests a fire prevention and mitigation approach, which accounts for climate, land type and village livelihood, has the potential to deliver more effective means of management

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone