Coronary X-ray angiography segmentation using Artificial Intelligence: a multicentric validation study of a deep learning model

© The Author(s) 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/.Introduction: We previously developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic coronary angiography (CAG) segmentation, using deep learning. To validate this approach, the model was applied to a new dataset and results are reported. Methods: Retrospective selection of patients undergoing CAG and percutaneous coronary intervention or invasive physiology assessment over a one month period from four centers. A single frame was selected from images containing a lesion with a 50-99% stenosis (visual estimation). Automatic Quantitative Coronary Analysis (QCA) was performed with a validated software. Images were then segmented by the AI model. Lesion diameters, area overlap [based on true positive (TP) and true negative (TN) pixels] and a global segmentation score (GSS - 0 -100 points) - previously developed and published - were measured. Results: 123 regions of interest from 117 images across 90 patients were included. There were no significant differences between lesion diameter, percentage diameter stenosis and distal border diameter between the original/segmented images. There was a statistically significant albeit minor difference [0,19 mm (0,09-0,28)] regarding proximal border diameter. Overlap accuracy ((TP + TN)/(TP + TN + FP + FN)), sensitivity (TP / (TP + FN)) and Dice Score (2TP / (2TP + FN + FP)) between original/segmented images was 99,9%, 95,1% and 94,8%, respectively. The GSS was 92 (87-96), similar to the previously obtained value in the training dataset. Conclusion: the AI model was capable of accurate CAG segmentation across multiple performance metrics, when applied to a multicentric validation dataset. This paves the way for future research on its clinical uses.Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). Cardiovascular Center of the University of Lisbon, INESC-ID / Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CONSTRUÇÕES COM BAMBU

O presente trabalho apresenta o bambu como material sustentável a ser utilizado na construção civil, e para isso foram descritos alguns cuidados que devem ser tomados no seu manejo. Também foi estudada a aplicação da Norma Colombiana de construção com o Bambu Guádua (G-NSR-10) para o dimensionamento de um prédio simples de 2 pavimentos, através do método das tensões admissíveis. Os esforços solicitantes neste exemplo numérico foram obtidos utilizando o programa freeware de elementos finitos MASTAN2

ACALABRUTINIBE NO TRATAMENTO DE LEUCEMIA LINFOCÍTICA CRÔNICA

Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common adult leukemia. It is characterized by clonal expansion of mature CD5+ B cells into blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of the use of acalabrutinib in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Materials and methods: This is an integrative review, in which the guiding question was “Is acalabrutinib effective in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia?”. The search for articles was carried out in the main databases (PubMed and Scielo) using the terms “acalabrutinib” and “chronic lymphocytic leukemia”, combined using Boolean operators. Results and Discussion: Compared to ibrutinib, acalabrutinib is highly selective and characterized by a lack of inhibition towards other kinases. Overall survival comparisons favored acalabrutinib alone and in combination with obinutuzumab over all comparators. Acalabrutinib monotherapy was also associated with statistically improved progression-free survival over obinutuzumab-chlorambucil. Conclusion: Acalabrutinib is an effective and safe treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Acalabrutinib plus obinutuzumab or acalabrutinib monotherapy were associated with improved efficacy over standard immunochemotherapy.Introducción: La leucemia linfocítica crónica es la leucemia más frecuente en adultos. Se caracteriza por la expansión clonal de células B CD5+ maduras en la sangre, la médula ósea y los tejidos linfoides. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia y los eventos adversos del uso de acalabrutinib en el tratamiento de la leucemia linfocítica crónica. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, en la que la pregunta orientadora fue “¿Es efectivo el acalabrutinib en el tratamiento de la leucemia linfocítica crónica?”. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las principales bases de datos (PubMed y Scielo) utilizando los términos “acalabrutinib” y “crónica linfocítica leucemia”, combinados mediante operadores booleanos. Resultados y Discusión: Comparado con ibrutinib, acalabrutinib es altamente selectivo y se caracteriza por una falta de inhibición hacia otras quinasas. Las comparaciones de supervivencia general favorecieron a acalabrutinib solo y en combinación con obinutuzumab sobre todos los comparadores. La monoterapia con acalabrutinib también se asoció con una supervivencia libre de progresión estadísticamente superior a la de obinutuzumab-clorambucilo. Conclusión: Acalabrutinib es un tratamiento eficaz y seguro de la leucemia linfocítica crónica. Acalabrutinib más obinutuzumab o la monoterapia con acalabrutinib se asociaron con una mayor eficacia en comparación con la inmunoquimioterapia estándar.A leucemia linfocítica crônica é a leucemia adulta mais comum. É caracterizada pela expansão clonal de células B maduras CD5 + no sangue, medula óssea e tecidos linfóides. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia e os eventos adversos ao uso do Acalabrutinibe no tratamento de leucemia linfocítica crônica. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que a questão norteadora foi “O acalabrutinibe é eficaz no tratamento de leucemia linfocítica crônica?”. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu nas principais bases de dados (PubMed e Scielo) a partir dos termos “acalabrutinib” e “chronic lymphocytic leukemia”, combinados entre si por operadores booleanos. Resultados e discussão: Em comparação com o ibrutinibe, o acalabrutinibe é altamente seletivo e caracterizado pela falta de inibição em relação a outras quinases. As comparações de sobrevida global favoreceram a monoterapia com acalabrutinibe e em combinação com obinutuzumabe sobre todos os comparadores. A monoterapia com acalabrutinibe também foi associada a sobrevida livre de progressão estatisticamente melhorada em relação a obinutuzumabe-clorambucil. Conclusão: O acalabrutinib é um tratamento eficaz e seguro da leucemia linfocítica crônica. O acalabrutinibe mais obinutuzumabe ou a monoterapia com acalabrutinibe foram associados a uma eficácia melhorada em relação à imunoquimioterapia padrão. A leucemia linfocítica crônica é a leucemia adulta mais comum. É caracterizada pela expansão clonal de células B maduras CD5 + no sangue, medula óssea e tecidos linfóides. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia e os eventos adversos ao uso do Acalabrutinibe no tratamento de leucemia linfocítica crônica. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que a questão norteadora foi “O acalabrutinibe é eficaz no tratamento de leucemia linfocítica crônica?”. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu nas principais bases de dados (PubMed e Scielo) a partir dos termos “acalabrutinib” e “chronic lymphocytic leukemia”, combinados entre si por operadores booleanos. Resultados e discussão: Em comparação com o ibrutinibe, o acalabrutinibe é altamente seletivo e caracterizado pela falta de inibição em relação a outras quinases. As comparações de sobrevida global favoreceram a monoterapia com acalabrutinibe e em combinação com obinutuzumabe sobre todos os comparadores. A monoterapia com acalabrutinibe também foi associada a sobrevida livre de progressão estatisticamente melhorada em relação a obinutuzumabe-clorambucil. Conclusão: O acalabrutinib é um tratamento eficaz e seguro da leucemia linfocítica crônica. O acalabrutinibe mais obinutuzumabe ou a monoterapia com acalabrutinibe foram associados a uma eficácia melhorada em relação à imunoquimioterapia padrão.

CISTECTOMIA RADICAL ROBÓTICA NO TRATAMENTO DE CÂNCER DE BEXIGA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introduction: Bladder cancer remains the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract. The gold standard treatment is open radical cystectomy. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as robot-assisted cystectomy, have been widely used. Objectives: To compare the robotic approach with the conventional open technique. Methodology: This is an integrative review, in which the guiding question was "What are the advantages of the robot-assisted technique in cystectomy of patients with bladder cancer compared to open radical cystectomy?". The search for articles was conducted in the PubMed database using the terms "cystectomy", "robot-assisted" and "cancer" combined with Boolean operators. Results and discussion: Robotic cystectomy was able to improve overall body function when compared to open surgery, in addition to enabling better quality of life and lower mortality. However, there was an increase in reports of urinary symptoms. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that robotic cystectomy can provide a better postoperative period for the patient and is also superior in relation to quality of life after the surgical procedure. However, an increase is observed regarding urinary symptoms. Thus, more studies should be done to observe the best approach depending on the condition of the patient who will undergo cystectomy.Introducción: El cáncer de vejiga sigue siendo la neoplasia maligna más frecuente del tracto urinario. El tratamiento de referencia es la cistectomía radical abierta. Las técnicas quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas, como la cistectomía asistida por robot, se han utilizado ampliamente. Objetivos: Comparar el abordaje robótico con la técnica abierta convencional. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora, en la que la pregunta norteadora fue "¿Cuáles son las ventajas de la técnica asistida por robot en la cistectomía de pacientes portadores de cáncer de córnea en comparación con la cistectomía radical abierta?". La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en la base de datos PubMed utilizando los términos "cystectomy", "robot-assisted" y "cancer" combinados con operadores booleanos. Resultados y discusión: La cistectomía robótica fue capaz de mejorar la función corporal general en comparación con la cirugía abierta, además de permitir una mejor calidad de vida y una menor mortalidad. Sin embargo, hubo un aumento en los informes de síntomas urinarios. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, se concluye que la cistectomía robótica es capaz de brindar un mejor postoperatorio al paciente, siendo también superior en cuanto a la calidad de vida después del procedimiento quirúrgico. Sin embargo, se observa un aumento en cuanto a los síntomas urinarios. Por lo tanto, se deben realizar más estudios para observar el mejor abordaje según la condición del paciente que se someterá a la cistectomía.O câncer de bexiga continua sendo a neoplasia maligna mais comum do trato urinário. O tratamento padrão-ouro é a cistectomia radical aberta. Técnicas cirúrgicas minimamente invasivas, como a cistectomia assistida por robô, têm sido amplamente utilizadas. Objetivos: Comparar a abordagem robótica com a técnica aberta convencional. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que a questão norteadora foi “Quais as vantagens da técnica assistida por robô na cistectomia de pacientes portadores de câncer de bexiga em comparação à cistectomia radical aberta?”. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu na base de dados PubMed a partir dos termos “cystectomy”, "robot-assisted" e “cancer” combinados entre si por operadores booleanos. Resultados e discussão: A cistectomia robótica foi capaz de melhorar a função geral do organismo, quando comparada a cirurgia aberta, além de possibilitar melhor qualidade de vida e menor mortalidade. Entretanto, houve aumento de relatos de sintomas urinários. Conclusão: Portanto, conclui-se que a cistectomia robótica é capaz de possibilitar um melhor período pós-operatório ao paciente, sendo superior também em relação à qualidade de vida após o procedimento cirúrgico. Contudo, é observado um aumento no que diz respeito aos sintomas urinários. Assim, devem ser feitos mais estudos para que se observe a melhor abordagem a depender do quadro do paciente que será submetido à cistectomia.Introdução: O câncer de bexiga continua sendo a neoplasia maligna mais comum do trato urinário. O tratamento padrão-ouro é a cistectomia radical aberta. Técnicas cirúrgicas minimamente invasivas, como a cistectomia assistida por robô, têm sido amplamente utilizadas. Objetivos: Comparar a abordagem robótica com a técnica aberta convencional. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que a questão norteadora foi “Quais as vantagens da técnica assistida por robô na cistectomia de pacientes portadores de câncer de bexiga em comparação à cistectomia radical aberta?”. A busca pelos artigos ocorreu na base de dados PubMed a partir dos termos “cystectomy”, "robot-assisted" e “cancer” combinados entre si por operadores booleanos. Resultados e discussão: A cistectomia robótica foi capaz de melhorar a função geral do organismo, quando comparada a cirurgia aberta, além de possibilitar melhor qualidade de vida e menor mortalidade. Entretanto, houve aumento de relatos de sintomas urinários. Conclusão: Portanto, conclui-se que a cistectomia robótica é capaz de possibilitar um melhor período pós-operatório ao paciente, sendo superior também em relação à qualidade de vida após o procedimento cirúrgico. Contudo, é observado um aumento no que diz respeito aos sintomas urinários. Assim, devem ser feitos mais estudos para que se observe a melhor abordagem a depender do quadro do paciente que será submetido à cistectomia

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Beyond fractional anisotropy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis : the value of mean, axial, and radial diffusivity and its correlation with electrophysiological conductivity changes

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the contribution of mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in the detection of microstructural abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to evaluate the degree of agreement between structural and functional changes through concomitant diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and clinical assessment. Methods: Fourteen patients with ALS and 11 healthy, age- and gender-matched controls were included. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging including DTI. TMS was additionally performed in ALS patients. Differences in the distribution of DTI-derived measures were assessed using tract-based spatial statistical (TBSS) and volume of interest (VOI) analyses. Correlations between clinical, imaging, and neurophysiological findings were also assessed through TBSS. Results: ALS patients showed a significant increase in AD and MD involving the corticospinal tract (CST) and the pre-frontal white matter in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group using TBSS, confirmed by VOI analyses. VOI analyses also showed increased AD in the corpus callosum (p < 0.05) in ALS patients. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right CST correlated significantly with upper motor neuron (UMN) score (r = - 0.79, p < 0.05), and right abductor digiti minimi central motor conduction time was highly correlated with RD in the left posterior internal capsule (r = - 0.81, p < 0.05). No other significant correlation was found. Conclusion: MD, AD, and RD, besides FA, are able to further detect and characterize neurodegeneration in ALS. Furthermore, TMS and DTI appear to have a role as complementary diagnostic biomarkers of UMN dysfunction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved