Bank lending effect on German commercial property prices

This paper analyzes the effects of bank lending on German commercial property prices. The theory on the role of financial intermediaries in business cycle activity states that lending activity is characterized by asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders. As a consequence, interest rates may not move to clear lending markets (as in models with moral hazard and adverse selection elements) or firms' net worth may play a critical role as collateral in influencing lending activity (as in models with agency costs). While the theory is concrete, the debate on the empirical support for these models continues. In this paper, our goal is to continue in exploring this debate by estimating a recursive VAR model using German (both aggregate and regional level) commercial property data from 1975 to 2004. Unlike other previous empirical results in commercial real estate literature, our main results show a weak negative correlation between growth in property prices and growth in credit, especially at the regional level.Kreditgewährung ; Gewerbeimmobilien ; Vektor-autoregressives Modell

Structure of a translocation signal domain mediating conjugative transfer by Type IV secretion systems

Relaxases are proteins responsible for the transfer of plasmid and chromosomal DNA from one bacterium to another during conjugation. They covalently react with a specific phosphodiester bond within DNA origin of transfer sequences, forming a nucleo-protein complex which is subsequently recruited for transport by a plasmid-encoded type IV secretion system. In previous work we identified the targeting translocation signals presented by the conjugative relaxase TraI of plasmid R1. Here we report the structure of TraI translocation signal TSA. In contrast to known translocation signals we show that TSA is an independent folding unit and thus forms a bona fide structural domain. This domain can be further divided into three sub-domains with striking structural homology with helicase sub-domains of the SF1B family. We also show that TSA is part of a larger vestigial helicase domain which has lost its helicase activity but not its single-stranded DNA binding capability. Finally, we further delineate the binding site responsible for translocation activity of TSA by targeting single residues for mutations. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that translocation signals can be part of larger structural scaffolds, overlapping with translocation-independent activities

Suzaku reveals X-ray continuum piercing the nuclear absorber in Markarian 231

We report the results from a 2011 Suzaku observation of the nearby low-ionization BAL quasar/ULIRG Markarian 231. These data reveal that the X-ray spectrum has undergone a large variation from the 2001 XMM-Newton and BeppoSAX observations. We interpret this finding according to a scenario whereby the X-ray continuum source is obscured by a two-component partial-covering absorber with NH ~10^22 and ~10^24 cm^-2, respectively. The observed spectral change is mostly explained by a progressive appearance of the primary continuum at <10 keV due to the decrease of the covering fraction of the denser absorption component. The properties of the X-ray obscuration in Mrk 231 match well with those of the X-ray shielding gas predicted by the theoretical models for an efficient radiatively-driven acceleration of the BAL wind. In particular, the X-ray absorber might be located at the extreme base of the outflow. We measure a 2-10 keV luminosity of L(2-10) = 3.3 x 10^43 erg s^-1 for the 2011 data set, i.e. an increase of 30% with respect to the 2001 value.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

The actinobacterial transcription factor RbpA binds to the principal sigma subunit of RNA polymerase

RbpA is a small non-DNA-binding transcription factor that associates with RNA polymerase holoenzyme and stimulates transcription in actinobacteria, including Streptomyces coelicolor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RbpA seems to show specificity for the vegetative form of RNA polymerase as opposed to alternative forms of the enzyme. Here, we explain the basis of this specificity by showing that RbpA binds directly to the principal σ subunit in these organisms, but not to more diverged alternative σ factors. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that, although differing in their requirement for structural zinc, the RbpA orthologues from S. coelicolor and M. tuberculosis share a common structural core domain, with extensive, apparently disordered, N- and C-terminal regions. The RbpA-σ interaction is mediated by the C-terminal region of RbpA and σ domain 2, and S. coelicolor RbpA mutants that are defective in binding σ are unable to stimulate transcription in vitro and are inactive in vivo. Given that RbpA is essential in M. tuberculosis and critical for growth in S. coelicolor, these data support a model in which RbpA plays a key role in the σ cycle in actinobacteria

Uma Análise Narrativa de Juízes 3:12-30

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a narrativa de Juízes 3:12-30, buscando coloca-la dentro do contexto tanto de seu próprio livro, de sua própria literatura e da relação entre Israel e Moabe dentro da Bíblia Hebraica. A análise da narrativa terá seu foco na caracterização dos personagens Ehud e Eglom, além da repetição de verbos e palavras-chave como ponto indispensável para uma proposta temática ligada a comida e bebida na relação de Israel e Moabe

Impactos etnossintáticos nos dados de Mehinaku (Arawak): perspectivas entre antropologia, linguística e iconografia

This article initially proposes to preliminarily investigate the origin and some of the consequences of the application of the ethnosyntax to the linguistic data of Mehinaku language. Starting from the work of Whorf (1979) on Nootka language, the formulation of the principle of linguistic relativity, the revisionism of his literature by anthropologist Schultz (1990), its importance for the implementation of ethnosyntax, and its use in the study of Brazilian indigenous languages. In another stage, we seek to understand how such an ethnographic understanding of grammar would affect some of the data already analyzed from the Mehinaku language, from the Arawak matrix. After a brief overview of the context of the Arawakan languages, and the anthropological scenario of the Alto Xingu region, a dialogism of linguistic data from Awetí (2014), Corbera Mori (2017) and Felipe (2020) is proposed, with anthropological records and iconography of Mehinaku material culture coming from Gregor (1982), Malhano (1993) and Fénelon Costa (1988, 2014). Therefore, it addresses how ethnosyntax would affect the understanding of: nominal classifier suffixes, the semantic field of the term tɨpa/tɨpe, and the human and non-human body lexicon related to traditional Altoxinguan housing.Este artículo se propone inicialmente investigar preliminarmente el origen y algunas de las consecuencias de la aplicación de la etnosintaxis a los datos lingüísticos de la lengua mehinaku. A partir del trabajo de Whorf (1979) sobre la lengua nootka, la formulación del principio de relatividad lingüística, el análisis de su literatura por el antropólogo Schultz (1990), su importancia para la implementación de la etnosintaxis y su uso en el estudio de Idiomas de los pueblos indígenas brasileños. En otra etapa, buscamos comprender cómo tal comprensión etnográfica de la gramática afectaría algunos de los datos ya analizados de la lengua mehinaku, de la matriz arahuaca. Luego de un breve recorrido por el contexto de las lenguas arawak y el escenario antropológico de la región del Alto Xingú, se propone un dialogismo de datos lingüísticos registrados en Awetí (2014), Corbera Mori (2017) y Felipe (2020), con datos antropológicos y con registros iconográficos de la cultura mehinaku material de Gregor (1982), Malhano (1993) y Fénelon Costa (1988, 2014). Por lo tanto, se aborda cómo la etnosintaxis afectaría la comprensión de: los sufijos clasificadores nominales, el campo semántico del término tɨpa/tɨpe y el léxico del cuerpo humano y no humano relacionado con la vivienda tradicional altoxingua.O presente artigo propõe inicialmente investigar de modo preliminar a origem e alguns dos desdobramentos da aplicação da etnossintaxe para os dados linguísticos da língua mehinaku. Partindo desde o trabalho de Whorf (1979) sobre a língua nootka, a formulação do princípio da relatividade linguística, a análise de sua literatura pela antropóloga Schultz (1990), sua importância para a implementação da etnossintaxe, e o uso desta no estudo de línguas indígenas brasileiras. Em uma outra etapa, busca-se entender como tal compreensão etnográfica da gramática afetaria alguns dos dados já analisados da língua mehinaku, da matriz Arawak. Após um breve panorama do contexto das línguas Arawak e do cenário antropológico da região do Alto Xingu, é proposto um dialogismo de dados linguísticos de Awetí (2014), Corbera Mori (2017) e Felipe (2020), com registros antropológicos e iconográficos da cultura material mehinaku advindos de Gregor (1982), Malhano (1993) e Fénelon Costa (1988, 2014). Aborda-se, portanto, como a etnossintaxe afetaria a compreensão sobre: sufixos classificadores nominais, o campo semântico do termo tɨpa/tɨpe e o léxico corporal humano e não-humano relacionado à moradia tradicional altoxinguana

Genetic and genomic analysis modeling of germline c-MYC overexpression and cancer susceptibility

Background: Germline genetic variation is associated with the differential expression of many human genes. The phenotypic effects of this type of variation may be important when considering susceptibility to common genetic diseases. Three regions at 8q24 have recently been identified to independently confer risk of prostate cancer. Variation at 8q24 has also recently been associated with risk of breast and colorectal cancer. However, none of the risk variants map at or relatively close to known genes, with c-MYC mapping a few hundred kilobases distally. Results: This study identifies cis-regulators of germline c-MYC expression in immortalized lymphocytes of HapMap individuals. Quantitative analysis of c-MYC expression in normal prostate tissues suggests an association between overexpression and variants in Region 1 of prostate cancer risk. Somatic c-MYC overexpression correlates with prostate cancer progression and more aggressive tumor forms, which was also a pathological variable associated with Region 1. Expression profiling analysis and modeling of transcriptional regulatory networks predicts a functional association between MYC and the prostate tumor suppressor KLF6. Analysis of MYC/Myc-driven cell transformation and tumorigenesis substantiates a model in which MYC overexpression promotes transformation by down-regulating KLF6. In this model, a feedback loop through E-cadherin down-regulation causes further transactivation of c-MYC. Conclusion: This study proposes that variation at putative 8q24 cis-regulator(s) of transcription can significantly alter germline c-MYC expression levels and, thus, contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility by down-regulating the prostate tumor suppressor KLF6 gene

O cosmos das línguas indígenas perante a barbárie do antropoceno

A emergência climática e os genocídios multiespécies nos levam a compreender este tempo como uma barbárie cósmica, decorrente de consecutivas colonizações. A cena científica experimenta nomeá-lo como Antropoceno. Este artigo se mobiliza a pensar a ligação entre linguagem e a percepção cósmica. Assim, por meio de reflexões do poder de supressão da monológica colonial sobre as onto-epistemologias das línguas indígenas americanas e a potência da soltura dos grilhões antropocênicos, propor um giro decolonial nas ciências e experiências de vida em busca de um futuro ancestral que possibilidade alternativas alheias aos caminhos do Antropoceno e garanta uma confluência de cosmos

O cosmos das línguas indígenas perante a barbárie do antropoceno

The climatic emergency and multispecies genocides lead us to understand this time as a cosmic barbarism, resulting from consecutive colonizations. The scientific scene tries to name it the Anthropocene. This article is mobilized to think about language as the beginning of the end of the world in progress and proposes, through brief analyzes and reflections on indigenous languages, a decolonial turn in science and life experiences in search of an ancestral future that enables a confluence of cosmos.La emergencia climática y los genocidios multiespecies nos llevan a entender esta época como una barbarie cósmica, fruto de sucesivas colonizaciones. El panorama científico trata de denominarlo Antropoceno. Este artículo se moviliza para pensar la lengua como el principio del fin del mundo en marcha y propone, a través de breves análisis y reflexiones sobre las lenguas indígenas, un giro decolonial en la ciencia y las experiencias de vida en busca de un futuro ancestral que posibilite una confluencia de cosmos.A emergência climática e os genocídios multiespécies nos levam a compreender este tempo como uma barbárie cósmica, decorrente de consecutivas colonizações. A cena científica experimenta nomeá-lo como Antropoceno. Este artigo se mobiliza a pensar a ligação entre linguagem e a percepção cósmica. Assim, por meio de reflexões do poder de supressão da monológica colonial sobre as onto-epistemologias das línguas indígenas americanas e a potência da soltura dos grilhões antropocênicos, propor um giro decolonial nas ciências e experiências de vida em busca de um futuro ancestral que possibilidade alternativas alheias aos caminhos do Antropoceno e garanta uma confluência de cosmos

16p11.2 600 kb Duplications confer risk for typical and atypical Rolandic epilepsy

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common idiopathic focal childhood epilepsy. Its molecular basis is largely unknown and a complex genetic etiology is assumed in the majority of affected individuals. The present study tested whether six large recurrent copy number variants at 1q21, 15q11.2, 15q13.3, 16p11.2, 16p13.11 and 22q11.2 previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders also increase risk of RE. Our association analyses revealed a significant excess of the 600 kb genomic duplication at the 16p11.2 locus (chr16: 29.5-30.1 Mb) in 393 unrelated patients with typical (n = 339) and atypical (ARE; n = 54) RE compared with the prevalence in 65 046 European population controls (5/393 cases versus 32/65 046 controls; Fisher's exact test P = 2.83 × 10−6, odds ratio = 26.2, 95% confidence interval: 7.9-68.2). In contrast, the 16p11.2 duplication was not detected in 1738 European epilepsy patients with either temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 330) and genetic generalized epilepsies (n = 1408), suggesting a selective enrichment of the 16p11.2 duplication in idiopathic focal childhood epilepsies (Fisher's exact test P = 2.1 × 10−4). In a subsequent screen among children carrying the 16p11.2 600 kb rearrangement we identified three patients with RE-spectrum epilepsies in 117 duplication carriers (2.6%) but none in 202 carriers of the reciprocal deletion. Our results suggest that the 16p11.2 duplication represents a significant genetic risk factor for typical and atypical R