Constitución y derecho de excepción: reflexiones constitucionales a propósito de la pandemia sanitaria

[ES] El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar el Derecho de excepción, contemplado en el artículo 116 de la Constitución Española, teniendo en cuenta que ha adquirido una gran relevancia debido a la actual crisis sanitaria por el coronavirus. En primer lugar, se realiza un recorrido entorno al origen y evolución del Derecho de excepción en la historia del constitucionalismo español hasta llegar al marco actual. Para, posteriormente, y en segundo lugar, abordarse la regulación del estado de alarma. En tercer lugar, se hará un análisis y valoración de la aplicación práctica del Derecho de excepción, tanto en 2010 con la huelga de los controladores aéreos, como de 2020 con la crisis sanitaria

Radicalización yihadista en Occidente

La radicalización yihadista es un fenómeno con una etiología multifacética, la cual requiere de un análisis desde distintos puntos de referencia, pero precisando necesariamente de una contemplación correlacional de todos ellos. El objetivo de este trabajo es proyectar los elementos constituyentes del fenómeno desde una visión espacial geográfica muy concreta: región occidental y la conexión con determinados acontecimientos fuera de esa demarcación territorial que actúan y han actuado como herencia histórica para dar origen al producto radical asentado en Occidente. Asimismo, estudiar cómo estos factores sirven de condicionante para situar en una posición de vulnerabilidad a individuos musulmanes en la diáspora occidental favoreciendo la adopción de una ideología radical y el reclutamiento yihadista y como resultado final, pasar a la acción terrorista. En base a dichos factores predisponentes he elaborado un plan preventivo dirigido a los centros penitenciarios, lugar escogido por tratarse de un espacio hostil, propicio para la captación y el desarrollo de la radicalización yihadist

Radicalización yihadista en Occidente

La radicalización yihadista es un fenómeno con una etiología multifacética, la cual requiere de un análisis desde distintos puntos de referencia, pero precisando necesariamente de una contemplación correlacional de todos ellos. El objetivo de este trabajo es proyectar los elementos constituyentes del fenómeno desde una visión espacial geográfica muy concreta: región occidental y la conexión con determinados acontecimientos fuera de esa demarcación territorial que actúan y han actuado como herencia histórica para dar origen al producto radical asentado en Occidente. Asimismo, estudiar cómo estos factores sirven de condicionante para situar en una posición de vulnerabilidad a individuos musulmanes en la diáspora occidental favoreciendo la adopción de una ideología radical y el reclutamiento yihadista y como resultado final, pasar a la acción terrorista. En base a dichos factores predisponentes he elaborado un plan preventivo dirigido a los centros penitenciarios, lugar escogido por tratarse de un espacio hostil, propicio para la captación y el desarrollo de la radicalización yihadist

Boxeoa zahartze aktiboa lantzeko bide

[EUS] Lan honetan, adineko pertsonei zuzendutako kirol proiektu bat aurkezten da. Bertan, zahartze aktiboa bultzatzeko eta horrekin bat datozen alderdiak hobetzeko boxeo tailerra proposatzen da. Modu horretan, batik bat bizi kalitatea, oreka, eta elkarlaguntza landuz, autonomia eta egoera pertsonalak hobetzeko aukera eskaini nahi da. Beraz, horretarako, hainbat adituekin elkarrizketak izan eta boxeoaren nondik norakoak aztertu dira, proposatzen den esku hartzearen diagnositik abiatuta proposatzen diren helburuak lortzeko. Horrez gain, gizarte hezkuntzaren eremuan, estereotipoen ukapena eta kirolaren garrantzia azpimarratzea funtsezko gakoak izango dira.[ES] En este trabajo, se presenta un proyecto deportivo dirigido a las personas mayores. En él se propone un taller de boxeo para impulsar le envejecimiento activo y todos los aspectos que vienen con ello. De esta forma, se quiere ofrecer la oportunidad de mejorar la autonomía y las situaciones personales, trabajando sobre todo la calidad de vida, el equilibrio y la ayuda mutua. Por tanto, para ello, se han tenido diversas conversaciones con profesionales del ámbito del boxeo y saber mas sobre sus características. Para conseguir así, los objetivos que se proponen desde la diagnosis. Además, desde el ámbito de la educación social, el acabar con los estereotipos y la importancia del deporte serán claves fundamentales.[EN] This paper aims to present a sports project directed towards olderly people. In such, a boxing workshop is poposed to encourage active ageing as well as the aspects that come with it. This way, focusing on the quality of life, balance and personal situation is intended to be offered. Those with the purpose of achieving the objectives suggested from the diagnosis of intervention, seveeral interviews regarding the whereabouts of boxing have been condutec with a number of experts. Besides, it must be remarked the rejection of stereotypes and the importance of sport in the field of social education

Angiosarcoma de cara y cuero cabelludo

Angiosarcoma is an unusual malignancy representing 1-2% of all soft tissues sarcomas. The etiopahogenesis is unclear but some risk factors have been described such us chronic lymphedema, radiation, environmental carcinogens and certain family syndromes. As imaging features are non-specific, the definitive diagnosis requires biopsy with inmunohistochemical techniques. Surgery is the unique curative treatment, but most patients with head and neck angiosarcoma are not suitable for surgical resection as they usually have metastasic disease at the moment of diagnosis.El angiosarcoma es un raro tumor maligno que supone el 1-2% de los sarcomas de partes blandas. Aunque la etiopatogenia no es del todo conocida, se han definido varios factores de riesgo que incluyen el linfedema crónico, antecedentes de radiación, carcinógenos ambientales y determinados síndromes familiares. No hay ningún patrón radiológico patognomónico, por lo que para su diagnóstico es obligada la realización de una biopsia con análisis con técnicas de inmunohistoquímica. El único tratamiento curativo es la cirugía, que puede realizarse en un escaso número de pacientes ya que el diagnóstico suele llegar en estadios avanzados

The Long-Term Neuroprotective Effect of the Endocannabinoid 2-AG and Modulation of the SGZ’s Neurogenic Response after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) often causes hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a neurological condition that can lead to overall disability in newborns. The only treatment available for affected neonates is therapeutic hypothermia; however, cooling is not always effective to prevent the deleterious effects of HI, so compounds such as cannabinoids are currently under research as new therapies. Modulating the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may reduce brain damage and/or stimulate cell proliferation at the neurogenic niches. Further, the long-term effects of cannabinoid treatment are not so clear. Here, we studied the middle- and long-term effects of 2-AG, the most abundant endocannabinoid in the perinatal period after HI in neonatal rats. At middle-term (postnatal day 14), 2-AG reduced brain injury and increased SGZ’s cell proliferation and the number of neuroblasts. At post-natal day 90, the treatment with the endocannabinoid showed global and local protection, suggesting long-lasting neuroprotective effects of 2-AG after neonatal HI in rats.This research was funded by EITB Maratoia-BIOEF, grant BIO18/IC/003, by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, grant MINECOR20/P66 and by the “Programa Investigo” by the European Union-Next Generation EU, grant PIFINVE22/15

The Different Microbial Etiology of Prosthetic Joint Infections According to Route of Acquisition and Time After Prosthesis Implantation, Including the Role of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

The aim of our study was to characterize the etiology of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs)-including multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)-by category of infection. A multicenter study of 2544 patients with PJIs was performed. We analyzed the causative microorganisms according to the Tsukayama's scheme (early postoperative, late chronic, and acute hematogenous infections (EPI, LCI, AHI) and "positive intraoperative cultures" (PIC)). Non-hematogenous PJIs were also evaluated according to time since surgery: 12 months. AHIs were mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (39.2%) and streptococci (30.2%). EPIs were characterized by a preponderance of virulent microorganisms (S. aureus, Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), enterococci), MDROs (24%) and polymicrobial infections (27.4%). Conversely, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Cutibacterium species were predominant in LCIs (54.5% and 6.1%, respectively) and PICs (57.1% and 15.1%). The percentage of MDROs isolated in EPIs was more than three times the percentage isolated in LCIs (7.8%) and more than twice the proportion found in AHI (10.9%). There was a significant decreasing linear trend over the four time intervals post-surgery for virulent microorganisms, MDROs, and polymicrobial infections, and a rising trend for CoNS, streptococci and Cutibacterium spp. The observed differences have important implications for the empirical antimicrobial treatment of PJIs.Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant number PI15/1026) (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "Investing in your future"). REIPI (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Disease) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”

Multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV–III study to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone in adult patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: study protocol for the SAFO trial

SAFO study group and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI).[Introduction] Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia is a frequent condition, with high mortality rates. There is a growing interest in identifying new therapeutic regimens able to reduce therapeutic failure and mortality observed with the standard of care of beta-lactam monotherapy. In vitro and small-scale studies have found synergy between cloxacillin and fosfomycin against S. aureus. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves higher treatment success than cloxacillin alone in patients with MSSA bacteraemia.[Methods] We will perform a superiority, randomised, open-label, phase IV–III, two-armed parallel group (1:1) clinical trial at 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Adults (≥18 years) with isolation of MSSA from at least one blood culture ≤72 hours before inclusion with evidence of infection, will be randomly allocated to receive either cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous plus fosfomycin 3 g/6-hour intravenous or cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous alone for 7 days. After the first week, sequential treatment and total duration of antibiotic therapy will be determined according to clinical criteria by the attending physician. Primary endpoints: (1) Treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint comprising all the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA at day 7. (2) Treatment success at test of cure (TOC) visit: patient alive and no isolation of MSSA in blood culture or at another sterile site from day 8 until TOC (12 weeks after randomisation). We assume a rate of treatment success of 74% in the cloxacillin group. Accepting alpha risk of 0.05 and beta risk of 0.2 in a two-sided test, 183 subjects will be required in each of the control and experimental groups to obtain statistically significant difference of 12% (considered clinically significant).[Ethics and dissemination] Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (AC069/18) and from the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency (AEMPS, AC069/18), and is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. The results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients and funders.[Trial registration number] The protocol has been approved by AEMPS with the Trial Registration Number EudraCT 2018-001207-37. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03959345; Pre-results.The SAFO trial is supported by a competitive grant awarded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias at the Spanish government’s National Institute of Health Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), (FIS PI17/01116). This study was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2017–2021 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0005).Peer reviewe

Multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III study to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone in adult patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: study protocol for the SAFO trial

Introduction: Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia is a frequent condition, with high mortality rates. There is a growing interest in identifying new therapeutic regimens able to reduce therapeutic failure and mortality observed with the standard of care of beta-lactam monotherapy. In vitro and small-scale studies have found synergy between cloxacillin and fosfomycin against S. aureus. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves higher treatment success than cloxacillin alone in patients with MSSA bacteraemia. Methods: We will perform a superiority, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III, two-armed parallel group (1:1) clinical trial at 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Adults (≥18 years) with isolation of MSSA from at least one blood culture ≤72 hours before inclusion with evidence of infection, will be randomly allocated to receive either cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous plus fosfomycin 3 g/6-hour intravenous or cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous alone for 7 days. After the first week, sequential treatment and total duration of antibiotic therapy will be determined according to clinical criteria by the attending physician. Primary endpoints: (1) Treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint comprising all the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA at day 7. (2) Treatment success at test of cure (TOC) visit: patient alive and no isolation of MSSA in blood culture or at another sterile site from day 8 until TOC (12 weeks after randomisation). We assume a rate of treatment success of 74% in the cloxacillin group. Accepting alpha risk of 0.05 and beta risk of 0.2 in a two-sided test, 183 subjects will be required in each of the control and experimental groups to obtain statistically significant difference of 12% (considered clinically significant). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (AC069/18) and from the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency (AEMPS, AC069/18), and is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. The results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients and funders

Enablers to implement sustainable initiatives in agri-food supply chains

yesDue to rapid agricultural industrialization, increased global food demand, and, increasing concerns related to food quality and safety, the concepts of sustainability and supply chain transparency are becoming critically important to the agriculture and agri-food sector. The new focus on sustainability performance objectives emphasizes the effective utilization and consumption of natural resources to balance ecological, economic and societal aspects of agri-food businesses. The management of sustainability adds a new demand on business managers who often have small profits and receive stringent requirements from large powerful customers and retailers. In this paper, we recognize and analyze the key enablers in implementing sustainable initiatives for Agri-Food Supply Chains (A-FSCs). Ten important sustainability driven enablers were considered from a rigorous literature review and phase of expert consultation. The identified enablers were then analyzed using a combined Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) - fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) based framework. The ISM approach enabled an appreciation of the contextual relationships among the enablers and to classify the enablers based on their driving and dependence potential. The fuzzy DEMATEL technique supported the determination of the influential and influenced enablers and also to categorize them into cause and effect groups. An empirical case study, drawn from a vegetable and fruit retail supply chain in India, is used to focus and test the applicability of the proposed research framework. The paper facilitates professional management practice and researchers to uncover and explore the enablers for the real execution of sustainability oriented initiatives in the agri-food business sector