Morphological markers to correlate bud and anther development with microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The identification of microspores or pollen grains at particular developmental stages during microsporogenesis or microgamentogenesis is an important step for different basic and applied purposes. Among them, the most relevant example from a biotechnological perspective is the production of androgenic doubled haploids. For this and other techniques, precise, fast, easy and reliable criteria to identify flower buds carrying microspores or pollen at particular stages are essential. In anthocyanin-producing pepper types, the particularities of flower development allow for the identification of several morphological markers potentially useful as criteria for such an identification. In this work, our aim was to determine the easiest and more accurate criterion to correlate visible, measurable traits of bud and anther development with each of the individual stages of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis. For this, we used three Spanish sweet pepper F1 hybrids (‘Herminio’, ‘Gacela’ and ‘Águila’). We analyzed and discussed the accuracy and practical usefulness of using anther length, bud length, anther purple pigmentation and the ratio between calyx length and bud length (calyx/bud ratio) as predictors of individual microspore/pollen developmental stages. According to our results, we propose a combination of calyx/bud ratio and anther pigmentation as an easy, fast and accurate criterion potentially applicable to anthocyanin-producing pepper cultivars to determine their particular markers.We acknowledge Dr. Rosa Peiro, Mrs. Nuria Palacios and Mrs. Patricia Corral for their valuable help, as well as the staff of the COMAV greenhouses. VPV is a predoctoral fellow of the FPU program of the Spanish Ministry of Education. This work was supported by grant from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) AGL2010-17895 to JMSS.Parra Vega, V.; Gonzalez Garcia, B.; Seguí Simarro, JM. (2013). Morphological markers to correlate bud and anther development with microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 35(2):627-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1104-xS627633352Barany I, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Fadón B, Mityko J, Risueño MC, Testillano PS (2005) Microspore-derived embryogenesis in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): subcellular rearrangements through development. Biol Cell 97:709–722Barany I, Fadon B, Risueno MC, Testillano PS (2010) Cell wall components and pectin esterification levels as markers of proliferation and differentiation events during pollen development and pollen embryogenesis in Capsicum annuum L. J Exp Bot 61:1159–1175. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp392Buyukalaca S, Comlekcioglu N, Abak K, Ekbic E, Kilic N (2004) Effects of silver nitrate and donor plant growing conditions on production of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) haploid embryos via anther culture. Eur J Hortic Sci 69(5):206–209Dumas de Vaulx R, Chambonnet D, Pochard E (1981) Culture in vitro d’anthères de piment (Capsicum annuum L.): amèlioration des taux d’obtenction de plantes chez différents génotypes par des traitments à +35 °C. Agronomie 1 (10):859-864Dunwell JM (2010) Haploids in flowering plants: origins and exploitation. Plant Biotechnol J 8(4):377–424. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00498.xErcan N, Sensoy FA, Sirri Sensoy A (2006) Influence of growing season and donor plant age on anther culture response of some pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.). Sci Hort 110(1):16–20Irikova T, Grozeva S, Rodeva V (2011) Anther culture in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in vitro. Acta Physiol Plant 33(5):1559–1570. doi: 10.1007/s11738-011-0736-6Kim M, Kim J, Yoon M, Choi DI, Lee KM (2004) Origin of multicellular pollen and pollen embryos in cultured anthers of pepper (Capsicum annuum). Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult 77:63–72Kim M, Jang IC, Kim JA, Park EJ, Yoon M, Lee Y (2008) Embryogenesis and plant regeneration of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through isolated microspore culture. Plant Cell Rep 27(3):425–434Koleva-Gudeva LR, Spasenoski M, Trajkova F (2007) Somatic embryogenesis in pepper anther culture: the effect of incubation treatments and different media. Sci Hort 111(2):114–119Lantos C, Juhász A, Somogyi G, Ötvös K, Vági P, Mihály R, Kristóf Z, Somogyi N, Pauk J (2009) Improvement of isolated microspore culture of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) via co-culture with ovary tissues of pepper or wheat. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 97(3):285–293. doi: 10.1007/s11240-009-9527-9Ltifi A, Wenzel G (1994) Anther culture of hot and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): influence of genotype and plant growth temperature. Capsicum Eggplant Newsl 13:74–77Mityko J, Andrasfalvy A, Csillery G, Fari M (1995) Anther culture response in different genotypes and F1 hybrids of pepper (Capsicum Annuum L). Plant Breed 114(1):78–80Nowaczyk P, Kisiala A (2006) Effect of selected factors on the effectiveness of Capsicum annuum L. anther culture. J Appl Genet 47(2):113–117Regner F (1996) Anther and microspore culture in Capsicum. In: Jain SM, Sopory SK, Veilleux RE (eds) In vitro haploid production in higher plants, vol 3. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 77–89Regnet F (1994) Microspore culture of Capsicum annuum. Capsicum Eggplant Newsl 13(1114):69–70Salas P, Rivas-Sendra A, Prohens J, Seguí-Simarro JM (2012) Influence of the stage for anther excision and heterostyly in embryogenesis induction from eggplant anther cultures. Euphytica 184(2):235–250. doi: 10.1007/s10681-011-0569-9Seguí-Simarro JM (2010) Androgenesis revisited. Bot Rev 76(3):377–404. doi: 10.1007/s12229-010-9056-6Seguí-Simarro JM, Nuez F (2005) Meiotic metaphase I to telophase II is the most responsive stage of microspore development for induction of androgenesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Acta Physiol Plant 27(4B):675–685Seguí-Simarro JM, Corral-Martínez P, Parra-Vega V, González-García B (2011) Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops. Plant Cell Rep 30(5):765–778. doi: 10.1007/s00299-010-0984-8Shivanna KR (2003) Pollen biology and biotechnology. Science Publishers Inc., EnfieldSupena EDJ, Muswita W, Suharsono S, Custers JBM (2006a) Evaluation of crucial factors for implementing shed-microspore culture of Indonesian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars. Sci Hort 107(3):226–232Supena EDJ, Suharsono S, Jacobsen E, Custers JBM (2006b) Successful development of a shed-microspore culture protocol for doubled haploid production in Indonesian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Cell Rep 25(1):1–1

Antimicrobial consumption at the hospital level in latin america. Similarities and differences according to each country

One of the main problems for health service around the world is the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Objective: to describe the antimicrobial consumption (AMC) at hospital level in Latin American countries and compare the amount and type of antibiotics usage among them in order to guide local public health actions towards AMR prevention.Design: A descriptive study of antimicrobial consumption at hospital level among six health institution in Latin America with an analytical comparative stage. Antimicrobials included corresponded to the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system subgroups: J01, A07A and P01AB. Methods: WHO GLASS methodology was applied for surveillance of AMC, using the ATC classification based on Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and DDD/100 hospital discharges as standard unit of measurement. Antimicrobials consumed were also classified according to the WHO AccessWatch-Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Results: The quantitative data, measured in DDD/100 hospital discharges, showed a wide range of consumption (182.48 - 2260.95). Qualitative analysis according to the AWaRe classification also showed a wide range in terms of consumption of Access (38.14% - 73.64%), Watch (24.93% - 60 .53%) and Reserve (0.31% - 3.55%) groups expressed as a percentage of the total consumption.Conclusion: Great heterogeneity and arbitrariness exist in the selection of antimicrobials for hospital use. Although this situation might be explained on local antimicrobial resistance, the history of prescription, local pharmaceutical promotion, and pharmacological education of health professional in each country, particular habits and distinctive culture may justify the differential consumption patterns observed in each institution in this study.Fil: Marin, Gustavo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Giangreco, Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Yago. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Dorati, Cristian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mordujovich Buschiazzo, Perla. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bay, María Rosa. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Roque - Mb Gonnet ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires;Fil: Gonzalez, Gladys María Adriana. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Roque - Mb Gonnet ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires;Fil: Aldunate, Francisca. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: López Peña, Mónica. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; ColombiaFil: Martínez Parra, Adriana. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; ColombiaFil: Ching Fung, Shing Mi. Costa Rican social security; Costa RicaFil: Alfonso Arvez, María José. Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare; ParaguayFil: Mantilla Ponte, Hilda. General Directorate of Medicines, Supplies and Drugs; PerúFil: Marin, Danini. General Directorate of Medicines, Supplies and Drugs; PerúFil: Rojas, Robin. General Directorate of Medicines, Supplies and Drugs; PerúFil: Castro, José Luis. Pan-American Health Organization; Estados Unido

Leer en comunidad: creación y desarrollo de clubes de lectura de literatura escrita por mujeres dentro y fuera de la universidad

Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals

The current genetic makeup of Latin America has been shaped by a history of extensive admixture between Africans, Europeans and Native Americans, a process taking place within the context of extensive geographic and social stratification. We estimated individual ancestry proportions in a sample of 7,342 subjects ascertained in five countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México and Perú). These individuals were also characterized for a range of physical appearance traits and for self-perception of ancestry. The geographic distribution of admixture proportions in this sample reveals extensive population structure, illustrating the continuing impact of demographic history on the genetic diversity of Latin America. Significant ancestry effects were detected for most phenotypes studied. However, ancestry generally explains only a modest proportion of total phenotypic variation. Genetically estimated and self-perceived ancestry correlate significantly, but certain physical attributes have a strong impact on self-perception and bias self-perception of ancestry relative to genetically estimated ancestry

Prediction of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression on Inpatient Wards Using Continuous Capnography and Oximetry: An International Prospective, Observational Trial.

BACKGROUND: Opioid-related adverse events are a serious problem in hospitalized patients. Little is known about patients who are likely to experience opioid-induced respiratory depression events on the general care floor and may benefit from improved monitoring and early intervention. The trial objective was to derive and validate a risk prediction tool for respiratory depression in patients receiving opioids, as detected by continuous pulse oximetry and capnography monitoring. METHODS: PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) was a prospective, observational trial of blinded continuous capnography and oximetry conducted at 16 sites in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Vital signs were intermittently monitored per standard of care. A total of 1335 patients receiving parenteral opioids and continuously monitored on the general care floor were included in the analysis. A respiratory depression episode was defined as respiratory rate ≤5 breaths/min (bpm), oxygen saturation ≤85%, or end-tidal carbon dioxide ≤15 or ≥60 mm Hg for ≥3 minutes; apnea episode lasting \u3e30 seconds; or any respiratory opioid-related adverse event. A risk prediction tool was derived using a multivariable logistic regression model of 46 a priori defined risk factors with stepwise selection and was internally validated by bootstrapping. RESULTS: One or more respiratory depression episodes were detected in 614 (46%) of 1335 general care floor patients (43% male; mean age, 58 ± 14 years) continuously monitored for a median of 24 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 17-26). A multivariable respiratory depression prediction model with area under the curve of 0.740 was developed using 5 independent variables: age ≥60 (in decades), sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure. The PRODIGY risk prediction tool showed significant separation between patients with and without respiratory depression (P \u3c .001) and an odds ratio of 6.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.44-8.30; P \u3c .001) between the high- and low-risk groups. Compared to patients without respiratory depression episodes, mean hospital length of stay was 3 days longer in patients with ≥1 respiratory depression episode (10.5 ± 10.8 vs 7.7 ± 7.8 days; P \u3c .0001) identified using continuous oximetry and capnography monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: A PRODIGY risk prediction model, derived from continuous oximetry and capnography, accurately predicts respiratory depression episodes in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor. Implementation of the PRODIGY score to determine the need for continuous monitoring may be a first step to reduce the incidence and consequences of respiratory compromise in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries