Composición y metabolismo de especies moleculares de fosfatidilcolinas durante el desarrollo embrionario del encéfalo de aves

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída en 1977.Fac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEProQuestpu

General logarithmic image processing convolution

The logarithmic image processing model (LIP) is a robust mathematical framework, which, among other benefits, behaves invariantly to illumination changes. This paper presents, for the first time, two general formulations of the 2-D convolution of separable kernels under the LIP paradigm. Although both formulations are mathematically equivalent, one of them has been designed avoiding the operations which are computationally expensive in current computers. Therefore, this fast LIP convolution method allows to obtain significant speedups and is more adequate for real-time processing. In order to support these statements, some experimental results are shown in Section V

Role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in inflammation and sepsis

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a thermoreceptor that responds to noxious temperatures, as well as to chemical agonists, such as vanilloids and protons. In addition, its channel activity is notably potentiated by proinflammatory mediators released upon tissue damage. The TRPV1 contribution to sensory neuron sensitization by proalgesic agents has signaled this receptor as a prime target for analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug intervention. However, TRPV1 antagonists have notably failed in clinical and preclinical studies because of their unwanted side effects. Recent reports have unveiled previously unrecognized anti-inflammatory and protective functions of TRPV1 in several diseases. For instance, this channel has been suggested to play an anti-inflammatory role in sepsis. Therefore, the use of potent TRPV1 antagonists as a general strategy to treat inflammation must be cautiously considered, given the deleterious effects that may arise from inhibiting the population of channels that have a protective function. The use of TRPV1 antagonists may be limited to treating those pathologies where enhanced receptor activity contributes to the inflamed state. Alternatively, therapeutic paradigms, such as reduction of inflammatory-mediated increase of receptor expression in the cell surface, may be a better strategy to prevent abrogation of the TRPV1 subpopulation involved in anti-inflammatory and protective processes

Pleistocene glacial fluctuations and chronology in the Pas Mountains (Cantabrian Mountains)

RESUMEN. En este trabajo se muestra la evolución de los glaciares de las Montañas de Pas, en la Cordillera Cantábrica Oriental. Se han realizado una cartografía geomorfológica, análisis morfoestratigráfico, prospección eléctrica y sísmica y dataciones en turberas intramorrénicas y till. El complejo morrénico externo (F-I) muestra una edad para la máxima extensión glaciar anterior a 29.1509-28.570 cal a BP. En todo el macizo se ha detectado un segundo avance y equilibrio glaciar (F-II), con sus frentes en posiciones cercanas a la fase anterior. Por último, dos fases (F-III y F-IV) se caracterizaron por la presencia de glaciares muy pequeños, alojados en los circos. La última fase de equilibrio glaciar se ha atribuido a las fases tardías del Pleistoceno, coetáneas o anteriores al Tardiglaciar. Las dataciones realizadas en las Montañas Pasiegas son acordes con dataciones previas realizadas en otros macizos de la Cordillera Cantábrica y confirma la existencia de un máximo glaciar local anterior al LGM Europeo.ABSTRACT. This paper analyses the glacial evolution of the Pas Mountains, in the Eastern Cantabrian Mountains, the glacial landforms and deposits by geomorphological mapping, electric and seismic surveys, and dating intramorainic peat bog and till deposits. The external morainic complex (S-I) shows a glacial extension maximum before 29.150-28.570 cal a BP. A second glacial advance and equilibrium (S-II) have been studied in the entire massif, with glaciers reaching similar positions to the previous phase. Finally, two phases (S-III and S-IV) with very small glaciers developed in the cirque. The last equilibrium glacial phase has been attributed to Late Pleistocene cold phases, previous to Tardiglacial ones. Dating in the Pas Mountains are in agreement with previous dating in the Cantabrian Range and bears out the existence of a glacial maximum, previous to the European LGM

Scientific collaboration for early detection of invaders results in a significant update on estimated range: lessons from Stenothoe georgiana Bynum & Fox 1977

Detection of new non-indigenous species is often delayed when taxa are taxonomically challenging, such as small-sized ma-rine organisms. The present study highlights the relevance of scientific cooperation in the early detection of the invader amphipod Stenothoe georgiana. Originally described from North Carolina (USA), the species was recently found in Chile and the Western Mediterranean. Here, we provide the first record of the species in Macaronesia, Atlantic coasts of continental Europe, North Africa and Australia, and extend its known distribution along the Mediterranean coast. Just like other small crustaceans, shipping (both ballast water and recreational boating) and aquaculture are probably the main vectors of introduction and secondary spread for this amphipod species. This case of S. georgiana sheds light on the importance of promoting taxonomical knowledge, and building multidisciplinary networks of experts that ensure an effective diessemination of alien species information. We also encourage the implementation of standardized monitoring methodologies to facilitate early detection of small mobile invaders.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España y fondos FEDER de la Unión Europea. CGL2017-82739-PFondos FEDER: proyecto AS-MAS - M2.1.2/I/032/2011 a través del Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE)National Portuguese Funds a través de FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology). UID/BIA/50027/2013 y POCI-01-0145-FED-ER-00682

The Relationship between Information Utilization and Social Participation among Middle-aged and Older Adults

早大学位記番号:新8355早稲田大

Essential role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in obesity-induced inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance during aging

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study, we have evaluated the role of PTP1B in the development of aging-associated obesity, inflammation, and peripheral insulin resistance by assessing metabolic parameters at 3 and 16 months in PTP1B) ⁄ ) mice maintained on mixed genetic background (C57Bl ⁄ 6J · 129Sv ⁄ J). Whereas fat mass and adipocyte size were increased in wild-type control mice at 16 months, these parameters did not change with aging in PTP1B) ⁄ ) mice. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, crown-like structures, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a wereobserved only in adipose tissue from 16-month-old wild-type mice. Similarly, islet hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia were observed in wild-type mice with agingassociated obesity, but not in PTP1B) ⁄ ) animals. Leanness in 16- month-old PTP1B) ⁄ ) mice was associated with increased energy expenditure. Whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased in 16- month-old control mice; however, studies with the hyperinsulinemic– euglycemic clamp revealed that PTP1B deficiency prevented this obesity-related decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity. At a molecular level, PTP1B expression and enzymatic activity were upregulated in liver and muscle of 16-month-old wild-type mice as were the activation of stress kinases and the expression of p53. Conversely, insulin receptor-mediated Akt ⁄ Foxo1 signaling was attenuated in these aged control mice. Collectively, these data implicate PTP1B in the development of inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity during aging and suggest that inhibition of this phosphatase by therapeutic strategies might protect against age-dependentT2DMThis work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) SAF2009-08114 and (to A.M.V.), BFU2008- 04901-C03-02 and 03 (to M.R and J.M.C., respectively), BFU2008-01283 (to M.V), Comunidad de Madrid S2010/BMD- 2423 and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) (Instituto Salud Carlos III). CBMSO is recipient of institutional aid from Ramón Areces Foundation. We also acknowledge grants NIH-R01 DK080756, ADA 7-07-RA-80, and NIH U24-DK093000 (to J.K.K.) and UMass Mouse Phenotyping Center supported by UMass Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center Grant (DK32520) and EFSD/Amylin Programme 2011 grant (to A.M.V.)

Logros y retos en analítica del aprendizaje en España: La perspectiva de SNOLA

As in other research fields, the development of learning analytics is influenced by the networks of researchers that contribute to it. This paper describes one of such networks: the Spanish Network of Learning Analytics (SNOLA). The paper presents the research lines of the members of SNOLA, as well as the main challenges that learning analytics has to address in the next few years as perceived by these researchers. This analysis is based on SNOLA’s archival data and on a survey carried out to the current members of the network. Although this approach does not cover all the activity related to learning analytics in Spain, the results provide a representative overview of the current state of research related to learning analytics in this context. The paper describes these trends and the main challenges, among which we can point out the need to adopt an ethical commitment with data, to develop systems that respond to the requirements of the end users, and to reach a wider institutional impact.Tal y como ocurre en otros campos de investigación, el desarrollo de la analítica del aprendizaje está influido por las redes de investigadores que contribuyen al mismo. Este artículo describe una de estas redes: la Red Española de Analítica de Aprendizaje (SNOLA). El artículo presenta las líneas de investigación de los miembros de SNOLA, así como los principales retos que la analítica del aprendizaje tiene que afrontar en los próximos años desde la visión de estos investigadores. Este análisis está basado en datos de archivo de SNOLA y en una encuesta realizada a los actuales miembros de la red. Aunque esta aproximación no cubre toda la actividad relacionada con analítica del aprendizaje en España, los resultados proporcionan una visión general representativa del estado de la investigación relacionada con analítica del aprendizaje en dicho contexto. El artículo muestra cuáles son estas tendencias y los principales retos, entre los que se encuentran la necesidad de adoptar un compromiso ético con los datos, desarrollar sistemas que respondan a las necesidades de los usuarios y alcanzar mayor impacto institucional

Achievements and challenges in learning analytics in Spain: The view of SNOLA

[EN] As in other research fields, the development of learning analytics is influenced by the networks of researchers that contribute to it. This paper describes one of such networks: the Spanish Network of Learning Analytics (SNOLA). The paper presents the research lines of the members of SNOLA, as well as the main challenges that learning analytics has to address in the next few years as perceived by these researchers. This analysis is based on SNOLA’s archival data and on a survey carried out to the current members of the network. Although this approach does not cover all the activity related to learning analytics in Spain, the results provide a representative overview of the current state of research related to learning analytics in this context. The paper describes these trends and the main challenges, among which we can point out the need to adopt an ethical commitment with data, to develop systems that respond to the requirements of the end users, and to reach a wider institutional impact.[ES] Tal y como ocurre en otros campos de investigación, el desarrollo de la analítica del aprendizaje está influido por las redes de investigadores que contribuyen al mismo. Este artículo describe una de estas redes: la Red Española de Analítica de Aprendizaje (SNOLA). El artículo presenta las líneas de investigación de los miembros de SNOLA, así como los principales retos que la analítica del aprendizaje tiene que afrontar en los próximos años desde la visión de estos investigadores. Este análisis está basado en datos de archivo de SNOLA y en una encuesta realizada a los actuales miembros de la red. Aunque esta aproximación no cubre toda la actividad relacionada con analítica del aprendizaje en España, los resultados proporcionan una visión general representativa del estado de la investigación relacionada con analítica del aprendizaje en dicho contexto. El artículo muestra cuáles son estas tendencias y los principales retos, entre los que se encuentran la necesidad de adoptar un compromiso ético con los datos, desarrollar sistemas que respondan a las necesidades de los usuarios y alcanzar mayor impacto institucional.SIMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades ( RED2018-102725-T)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (TIN2016-80172-R)Junta de Castilla y León (VA257P18)Gobierno Vasco (IT980-16)Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR1619)Gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid (S2018/TCS-4307

Scientific collaboration for early detection of invaders results in a significant update on estimated range: lessons from Stenothoe georgiana Bynum & Fox 1977

Detection of new non-indigenous species is often delayed when taxonomically challenging taxa are involved, such as small-sized marine organisms. The present study highlights the relevance of scientific cooperation in the early detection of the invader amphipod Stenothoe georgiana. Originally described from North Carolina (USA), the species was recently found in Chile and the Western Mediterranean. Here, we provide the first record of the species in Macaronesia, Atlantic coasts of continental Europe, North Africa and Australia, and extend its known distribution along the Mediterranean coast. Just like other small crustaceans, shipping (including recreational boating) and aquaculture are probably the main vectors of introduction and secondary spread for this amphipod species. This case of S. georgiana sheds light on the importance of promoting taxonomical knowledge, and building multidisciplinary expertise networks that ensure an effective spread of alien species information. We also encourage the implementation of standardized monitoring methodologies to facilitate early detection of small mobile invaders