Análisis de la pensión de sobrevivientes entre parejas del mismo sexo

Trabajo de investigaciónEl presente trabajo pretende analizar el reconocimiento de derechos de las personas del mismo sexo, como es el caso de la pensión de sobrevivientes, como parte y manifestación material del derecho a la seguridad social, como un derecho constitucional con rango fundamental, desde una perspectiva del derecho a la igualdad, consagrado en nuestra carta política.PregradoAbogad

Políticas de conservación y producción agropecuaria: ¿Cómo se integran de los sistemas socio-productivos de Paso Centurión y Sierra de Ríos? Un abordaje desde la integralidad universitaria

El presente trabajo es producto de las prácticas desarrolladas en Paso Centurión y Sierra de Ríos, departamento de Cerro Largo, por un grupo interdisciplinario que comprende las facultades de Ciencias, Ciencias Sociales, y Psicología, a través de distintos proyectos financiados por la Universidad de la República (Udelar). El objetivo del equipo en territorio consistió en analizar, por un lado, los procesos de construcción de territorialidad en esta Área Protegida del Uruguay (Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas), y por otro identificar tensiones entre los sistemas productivos y los sistemas de conservación ambiental. Para ello, se analizaron las pautas orientadas a la creación de un plan de manejo para el área, y se contrastó con la información de los sistemas socioproductivos de la zona. En los últimos 15 años Uruguay ha cambiado su producción agropecuaria propiciando un gran crecimiento del rubro forestal, en contraposición con la histórica tradición ganadera, así como también se han introducido cambios en relación con la conservación de áreas, a los cuales el departamento de Cerro Largo no ha sido ajeno. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron según la categorización poblacional de las ruralidades uruguayas, identificando tensiones entre empresarios, familias productoras y asalariados rurales, con respecto a las dimensiones sociales, productivas, ambientales y económicas. La información relevada se obtuvo a través de: entrevistas a referentes de la zona, puesta de manifiesto del proyecto (instancias públicas), relevamientos en bases de datos de organismos públicos y estudios sobre sistemas socioproductivos en Uruguay. El resultado nos muestra un nudo principal de conflicto en la zona, vinculado a la producción forestal del sector empresarial y a la producción familiar ganadera. De la disputa de estas territorialidades surge el proceso de ingreso de Paso Centurión a los sistemas de conservación ambiental departamentales y nacionales

Website in html and typescript programming language for the blind association of the southern area of Cañar

La discapacidad visual es una condición congénita o adquirida que afecta a gran parte de la población de niños con discapacidad. La misma es causada por varios factores como enfermedades y trastornos que afectan directamente a la visión y a varias áreas implicadas en la misma (Arias, 2010). La asociación de no videntes (Anvizsuc) ubicada en la zona sur del Cañar atiende a 8 personas con discapacidad visual y 6 personas sin discapacidad visual al día. Una de las principales problemáticas que presenta esta asociación es la falta de un espacio de divulgación de los servicios que ofrece a la comunidad. Por lo tanto, esta investigación se plantea como objetivo general implementar un sitio web en lenguaje de programación de HTML y TypeScript para la asociación de no videntes de la zona sur del Cañar. Como resultados se espera que esta Asociación pueda tener un mayor acercamiento con las personas no videntes del cantón de Azogues, para cumplir con esto entonces el sitio web estará diseñado por un lenguaje HTML, bootstrap, asistente de voz, manejo por tecladoVisual impairment is a congenital or acquired condition that affects a large part of the population of children with disabilities. It is caused by various factors such as diseases and disorders that directly affect vision and various areas involved in it (Arias, 2010, pp 1). The blind association (Anvizsuc) located in the southern area of Cañar, serves 8 people with visual disabilities and 6 people without visual disabilities a day. One of the main problems that this association presents is the lack of a space for dissemination, Thus. The general objective of this research is to implement a website in HTML and TypeScript programming language for the blind association of the southern area of Cañar. So that this Association can have a greater approach to blind people, to comply with this then the website will be designed by an HTML language, bootstrap, voice assistant, keyboard management. As a result, it is expected that the association can be strengthened through this website, also benefiting people with visual disabilities in the canton of Azogues

Resumen de la tarea Rest-Mex en IberLEF 2022: Sistema de Recomendación, Análisis de Sentimiento y Predicción de Semáforo Covid para Textos Turísticos Mexicanos

This paper presents the framework and results from the Rest-Mex task at IberLEF 2022. This task considered three tracks: Recommendation System, Sentiment Analysis and Covid Semaphore Prediction, using texts from Mexican touristic places. The Recommendation System task consists in predicting the degree of satisfaction that a tourist may have when recommending a destination of Nayarit, Mexico, based on places visited by the tourists and their opinions. On the other hand, the Sentiment Analysis task predicts the polarity of an opinion issued and the attraction by a tourist who traveled to the most representative places in Mexico. We have built corpora for both tasks considering Spanish opinions from the TripAdvisor website. As a novelty, the Covid Semaphore Prediction task aims to predict the color of the Mexican Semaphore for each state, according to the Covid news in the state, using data from the Mexican Ministry of Health. This paper compares and discusses the participants’ results for all three tacks.Este artículo presenta el marco y los resultados de la tarea Rest-Mex en IberLEF 2022. Esta tarea consideró tres sub tareas: Sistema de recomendación, Análisis de sentimiento y Predicción de semáforo Covid, utilizando textos de lugares turísticos mexicanos. La tarea del Sistema de Recomendación consiste en predecir el grado de satisfacción que puede tener un turista al recomendar un destino de Nayarit, México, con base en los lugares visitados por los turistas y sus opiniones. Por otro lado, la tarea de Análisis de Sentimiento predice la polaridad de una opinión emitida y la atracción por parte de un turista que viajó a los lugares más representativos de México. Hemos construido corpus para ambas tareas teniendo en cuenta las opiniones en español de TripAdvisor. Como novedad, la tarea de Predicción de Semáforo Covid tiene como objetivo predecir el color del Semáforo Mexicano para cada estado, de acuerdo a las noticias Covid en el estado, utilizando datos de la Secretaría de Salud de México. Este documento compara y discute los resultados de los participantes para las tres sub tareas

Post-fire Management Effects on Hillslope-Stream Sediment Connectivity in a Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem

[Abstract] Forest fires intensify sediment transport and aggravate local and off-site consequences of soil erosion. This study evaluates the influence of post-fire measures on structural and functional sediment connectivity (SC) in five fire-affected Mediterranean catchments, which include 929 sub-catchments, by using the “aggregated index of connectivity” (AIC) at two temporal scenarios: I) immediately after the fire and before implementing post-fire practices (‘Pre-man’), and II) two years after the fire (‘Post-man’). The latter includes all the emergency stabilization practices, that are hillslope barriers, check-dams and afforestation. The stream system was set as the target of the computation (STR), to be representative of intense rainfall-runoff events with effective sediment delivery outside the catchments. Output normalization (AICN) allows comparing the results of the five basins between them. The sedimentological analysis is based on specific sediment yield (SSY) –measured at the check-dams installed after the fire –, and this data is used for output evaluation. Stream density and slope variables were the most influential factors on AICN-STR results at the sub-catchment scale. Post-fire hillslope treatments (barriers when built in high densities and afforestation) significantly reduced AICN-STR in comparison with untreated areas in both structural and functional approaches. Despite the presence of hillslope treatments, the higher erosive rainfall conditions resulted in higher AICN-STR values in the Post-man scenario (functional approach). A positive and good correlation was found between the measured SSY and the AICN-STR changes due to the post-fire practices and vegetation recovery, showing the good correspondence of the computation results and the real sediment dynamics of the studied catchments. Overall, AICN demonstrated to be a useful and versatile tool for post-fire management, which needs further research to optimize its applicability.The authors thank the Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha) for supporting the study and providing information about the undertaken measures in the burned area. This study was supported by funds provided to the VIS4FIRE Spanish R&D project (RTA 2017-00042-C05-00) co-funded by the “Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria” (INIA) and FEDER programme. This study was done in the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action CA18135 ‘FIRElinks’ (Fire in the Earth System: Science & Society). J. González-Romero holds a postdoctoral contract supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, EU). The authors declare no conflict of interest. E. Peña holds a scholarship (2020-PREUCLM-16032) from the UCLM and the European Social Fund (FSE). Pedro Antonio Plaza Álvarez holds a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU16/03296)Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; 2020-PREUCLM-1603

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Territorios comunes: construimos acción política desde la formación. Sistematización del Diplomado en Fortalecimientos de Liderazgos Colectivos: Conflictos Socioambientales y Participación Política

Vivencias como este diplomado son un horizonte de sentido que permite recrear el quehacer de un centro de educación, acción social y pensamiento crítico que, desde la investigación-acción y el abordaje interdisciplinar, ha venido tejiendo una ecología de saberes en la co-construcción de un conocimiento situado y de relevancia social, útil para posibilitar transformaciones; esta ha sido la apuesta durante los últimos años del CED. Lo anterior ha sido posible a través de la relación sostenida entre las organizaciones sociales y UNIMINUTO como academia, que ha posibilitado hacer conciencia de la realidad histórica contemporánea; leer las complejidades del contexto; aprender de las acciones colectivas y populares permanentes de las comunidades; y, en consecuencia, sentirnos corresponsables en la búsqueda de alternativas de mundos donde pueda ser posible la vida digna. Por ello, la sistematización que se presenta en esta publicación es producto de un trabajo colectivo que ha permitido afianzar las discusiones y apuestas comunes en torno a las luchas socioterritoriales de Bogotá, principalmente las que se ubican en las localidades de Ciudad Bolívar y Usme, por un derecho a la ciudad, al territorio y a construir desde los sures

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true