Gestão sustentável e segura de fluxos de passageiros no corredor suburbano Aveiro – Porto

In 2019 the transport sector was responsible for 25.8% of EU-27 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While urban transport has received much attention from policy makers and the scientific community, intercity passenger transport has not received as much attention. In 2019, intercity trips accounted for 65% of the total kilometres travelled in Portugal and contributed to more than 55% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxide (NOᵪ) emissions. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mobility due to people’s fear of infection and government restrictions and recommendations. The main objectives of this dissertation are to model the supply and demand of passenger transport in the suburban corridor between Aveiro and Porto, determination of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on travelling behaviour and mode choice for different socio-economic levels and travel purposes and estimate the emissions and the impact per passenger before and during the pandemic. An online survey was designed to understand travelling behaviour and preferences and how these factors changed towards the pandemic. Transport was modelled recurring to a logit model based on the utilities of each transport mode, which were calculated considering the mode choice, travel time, and travel cost of each alternative. The output of the transport modelling was the modal split. The impacts considered were CO₂, NOᵪ, PM₂﮳5, PM₁₀, VOC, NMVOC and CO emissions. The emission values were estimated using the fleet characteristics and average speed as input. Results from the survey show a 70% reduction in travel frequency during the pandemic, with teleworking and online classes being the main reasons for this decrease. Before the pandemic, 65% of trips were made by train and 31% by car. During the pandemic, these shares shifted to 37% and 60%, respectively, and 27% of participants stopped travelling. The logit model was revealed to be a helpful tool for transport modelling. However, the network characteristics, availability of transport modes and sample size limited the statistical significance and accuracy of the model. Air pollution costs decreased by about 53% during the pandemic, primarily due to a decrease in travel frequency.Em 2019, o sector dos transportes foi responsável por 25,8% das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) da UE-27. Embora os transportes urbanos tenham recebido muita atenção dos decisores políticos e da comunidade científica, o transporte interurbano de passageiros não tem recebido tanta atenção. Em 2019, as viagens em estradas rurais e autoestradas representaram 65% do total de quilómetros percorridos em Portugal e contribuíram para mais de 55% das emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO₂) e óxidos de azoto (NOᵪ). A pandemia COVID-19 afetou negativamente a mobilidade devido ao medo de infeção das pessoas e restrições e recomendações governamentais. Os principais objetivos desta dissertação são modelar a oferta e a procura de transporte de passageiros no corredor suburbano entre Aveiro e Porto, a determinação do impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nos hábitos de deslocações e escolha de modo para diferentes níveis socioeconómicos e propósitos de deslocação e estimar as emissões e o impacto por passageiro por passageiro antes e durante a pandemia. Um inquérito online foi concebido para compreender os hábitos e preferências de transporte, e como estes fatores mudaram durante a pandemia. O transporte foi modelado recorrendo a um modelo logit baseado nas utilidades de cada modo de transporte, que foram calculados considerando a escolha do modo, o tempo de viagem e o custo de viagem de cada alternativa. O produto desta modelação de transportes foi a distribuição modal. Os impactos considerados foram as emissões de CO₂, NOᵪ, PM₂﮳5, PM₁₀, VOC, NMVOC e CO. As emissões foram estimadas utilizando como dados as características da frota e a velocidade média. Os resultados do inquérito mostram uma redução de 70% na frequência de deslocações durante a pandemia, sendo o teletrabalho e as aulas online as principais razões desta diminuição. Antes da pandemia, 65% das viagens eram feitas de comboio e 31% de carro. Durante a pandemia, estas percentagens mudaram para 37% e 60%, respetivamente, e 27% dos participantes deixaram de viajar. O modelo logit foi revelou-se uma ferramenta útil para a modelação de transporte. No entanto, as características da rede, a disponibilidade de modos de transporte e o tamanho da amostra limitaram a significância estatística e a precisão do modelo. Os custos da poluição atmosférica diminuíram cerca de 53% durante a pandemia, principalmente devido à diminuição da frequência de viagem.Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânic

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Homenagem Casa dos Estudantes do Império - 50 Anos | Testemunhos, Vivências, Documentos

Os textos incluídos nesta obra são transcrições das intervenções feitas pelos participantes nas diversas sessões da homenagem à Casa dos Estudantes do Império, realizadas entre 2014 e 2015. Estas intervenções foram gravadas através de meios audiovisuais e posteriormente editadas para efeitos de publicação. A presente edição segue a grafia do Acordo Ortográfico, exceto nos casos em que os autores quiseram manter a antiga grafia.CML – Câmara Municipal de Lisboa; Camões – Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua; Fundação Calouste Gulbenkianinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Libro de Actas de las III Jornadas ScienCity 2020: Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

Editorial: Kindle Direct Publishing, Seattle, WS (USA)Actualmente, nuestras ciudades están experimentando una verdadera transformación digital que requiere una atención inmediata en energía, transporte, movilidad, comunicación, seguridad, educación, turismo y aspectos sociales, así como fomentar todas aquellas actuaciones que persigan mejorar la calidad de vida y el desarrollo económico-ambiental sostenible. ScienCity es un foro científico-tecnológico que pretende dar a conocer a la sociedad los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana.Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Huelva y Consejo Social de la Universidad de Huelv

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. The MASK Study

Background: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12 143 users were registered. A total of 6 949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1 887 users reported ≥7 VAS data. About 1 195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR ≥70% and PDC ≤1.25), 51 (4.23%) were partly adherent (MPR ≥70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR <70%). Of those, the largest group was non-adherent to medications and the time interval was increased in 442 (36.68%) users. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting

Long-term efficacy and safety of eculizumab in Japanese patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: A subgroup analysis of the REGAIN open-label extension study

The terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab was shown to improve myasthenia gravis-related symptoms in the 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled REGAIN study (NCT01997229). In this 52-week sub-analysis of the open-label extension of REGAIN (NCT02301624), eculizumab's efficacy and safety were assessed in 11 Japanese and 88 Caucasian patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. For patients who had received placebo during REGAIN, treatment with open-label eculizumab resulted in generally similar outcomes in the Japanese and Caucasian populations. Rapid improvements were maintained for 52 weeks, assessed by change in score from open-label extension baseline to week 52 (mean [standard error]) using the following scales (in Japanese and Caucasian patients, respectively): Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (−2.4 [1.34] and − 3.3 [0.65]); Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (−2.9 [1.98] and − 4.3 [0.79]); Myasthenia Gravis Composite (−4.5 [2.63] and − 4.9 [1.19]); and Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15-item questionnaire (−8.6 [5.68] and − 6.5 [1.93]). Overall, the safety of eculizumab was consistent with its known safety profile. In this interim sub-analysis, the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in Japanese and Caucasian patients were generally similar, and consistent with the overall REGAIN population

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)