Behçet’s Disease and Tuberculosis: A Complex Relationship

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent orogenital ulceration and several systemic manifestations (such as gastrointestinal involvement, vascular disease or arthritis). The pathogenesis is still unknown but the trigger role of certain pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is well documented. Furthermore, patients with BD are more susceptible to tuberculosis due to immunity defects. Here, we describe the case of a 70-year-old woman with a history of recurrent oral aphthae and inflammatory arthritis presenting with extensive thrombosis of left upper limb major veins, a positive HLA B51 genotype and colon ulceration; hence, BD diagnosis was made after excluding other causes. Simultaneously, the patient had cutaneous abscesses not associated with immunosuppressive therapy with continuous development, and after recurrent negative tuberculosis work-up, M. tuberculosis was isolated in an abscess culture

O ensino da psicoterapia de orientação analítica no Ambulatório Assistencial/Público de Psiquiatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre

O artigo descreve o ensino da psicoterapia de orientação analítica (POA) na residência em psiquiatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Inicialmente, é realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre a importância do ensino da POA nos programas de residência médica de psiquiatria, seguida do relato da história da entrada da psicanálise no Rio Grande do Sul e da evolução do ensino da POA no estado. As questões metodológicas e éticas do ensino da POA na residência de psiquiatria do HCPA são discutidas, e o atual programa teórico e prático é apresentado. Por fim, a possibilidade da integração da pesquisa com a assistência e ensino é discutida, e exemplos práticos desta integração são apresentados, juntamente com o protocolo de avaliação e planejamento terapêutico do programa de POA do HCPA

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

The relation between defense mechanisms and the quality of therapeutic alliance in analytic psychotherapy

Introdução: O estabelecimento de uma aliança terapêutica de boa qualidade em uma psicoterapia psicanalítica é fundamental para o processo terapêutico. Este estudo avaliou a influência do nível de funcionamento defensivo do paciente na qualidade da aliança terapêutica estabelecida durante a psicoterapia. Método: Pacientes em psicoterapia psicanalítica e seus respectivos terapeutas responderam ao Helping Alliance Questionary (HAq II). Os sintomas dos pacientes foram avaliados através do Symptom Checklist- 90-R (SCL 90), e seu o nível defensivo através da Escala de Funcionamento Defensivo do DSM-IV-TR. Resultados: Não houve associação entre o estabelecimento de uma aliança terapêutica de boa qualidade e o nível defensivo do paciente. No entanto houve diferença significativa quando a versão do terapeuta foi comparada com a respondida pelo paciente: os pacientes estabeleceram uma aliança terapêutica de melhor qualidade em relação a seus terapeutas do que o inverso. Discussão: O fato da aliança terapêutica de boa qualidade ter se estabelecido independentemente do nível defensivo do paciente sugere que o treinamento e as características pessoais dos terapeutas podem levar a uma capacidade de conectar-se com o paciente, apesar do grau de comprometimento do seu funcionamento psíquico.Backgroud: The establishment of a therapeutic alliance of good quality in analytic psychotherapy is crucial for the process an results. This study evaluated the relashionship between level of defense mechanisms and the quality of the therapeutic alliance established during the psychotherapy. Methods: Patients in psychotherapy and their respective therapists answered the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq II – patient version and HAQ II therapist version respectively). The symptoms were accessed by means of SCL-90, and the level of defenses through the Defensive Style Questionnaire of DSM-IV-TR. Results: There were no association between the quality of the therapeutic alliance and the patient level of defense mechanisms in this sample. On the other hand, it was found a significant difference when the HAqII answered by patients and therapist versions were compared: patients established a stronger therapeutic alliance in relation to their therapists. Discussion: The independence of levels of defense mechanisms used by the patients in relation to the quality of the established therapeutic alliance leads to the idea that training and personal characteristics of the therapists may lead to the development of an ability to connect well with patients in spite of their psychic functioning

Alterações precoces do apego em pacientes com transtorno bipolar e esquizofrenia

O vínculo parental e apego precoce tem um importante papel no desenvolvimento psicossocial das crianças, e vínculos disfuncionais têm sido associados a um maior risco para disfunção neurobiológica, incluindo risco para psicopatologia como Esquizofrenia (ESQ) e Transtorno Bipolar (TB). Biomarcadores periféricos de neuroplasticidade, inflamação e estresse oxidativo também têm sido associados a ambos transtornos. Nesta tese, examinamos pacientes com TB e ESQ comparados com controles saudáveis quanto às diferenças no estilo do vinculo parental, e se essas diferenças estariam correlacionadas com marcadores neurobiológicos. No primeiro artigo, descrevemos diferenças significativas na percepção do apego pelos pacientes com ESQ e TB nos primeiros 16 anos de vida. Os vínculos parentais dos pacientes com TB em relação aos com ESQ foram caracterizados pelo menor afeto (i.e., formulários mãe e pai, escores de “cuidado”) e maior controle (i.e., formulários mãe e pai, escores de superproteção), e nos pacientes ESQ maior exigência afetiva tanto da mãe como do pai, em relação aos pacientes com TB e CTR (i.e. formulários mãe e pai, escores de cuidado, afeto). No segundo artigo, avaliamos a correlação entre escala de vínculo parental e biomarcadores periféricos. Houve uma correlação positiva entre os níveis de IL6 e escores de cuidado do pai na ESQ e entre escores de cuidado materno no TB, ao mesmo tempo em que uma correlação negativa entre IL6 e superproteção paterna tanto na ESQ quanto no TB. Esses resultados sugerem que o estilo parental de vínculo pode ser uma ferramenta útil para detectar sinais precoces de ESQ e TB, o que pode ser correlacionado com gravidade dos sintomas ou com outros fatores que necessitam esclarecimento futuro, os quais podem estar associados às alterações na neurobiologia. O significado clínico dessas alterações biológicas ainda necessita investigação, envolvendo desenhos longitudinais.Parent-child bonds and early attachment seem to have an important role in children’s psychosocial development, and disturbances in this relationship have been associated with increased risk for neurobiological dysfunctions, including mental disorders such as Schizophrenia (SCZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD). Peripheral biomarkers of neuroplasticity, inflammation and oxidative stress have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of both disorders. In this work, we examined patients with BD and SCZ compared with healthy controls regarding differences in parental bonding style, and if these differences would correlate with neurobiological markers. In the first report, we describe that there were significant differences in the perception of attachment by patients during the first 16 years between SCZ and BD. The parental bonds of BD patients when compared to patients with SCZ were characterized by lower care (i.e., mother and father forms - care scores) and higher control (i.e., mother and father forms – overprotection scores) and in patients with SCZ higher care by parents compared to patients with BD and CTR (i.e., mother and father forms - care scores). In the second article, we conducted a correlation between the Parental Bonding Index and peripheral biomarkers. We found that IL-6 positively correlated with PBI father care in SCZ and PBI mother care in BD, and negatively correlated with PBI father overprotection in both disorders. These findings suggest that parental bonding style may be an useful tool to detect early signs of SCZ and BD and may be correlated to severity of symptoms or other factors that warrant further investigation, which are associated with changes in neurobiology. The clinical meaning of these changes remains to be examined in future longitudinal studies

The relation between defense mechanisms and the quality of therapeutic alliance in analytic psychotherapy

Introdução: O estabelecimento de uma aliança terapêutica de boa qualidade em uma psicoterapia psicanalítica é fundamental para o processo terapêutico. Este estudo avaliou a influência do nível de funcionamento defensivo do paciente na qualidade da aliança terapêutica estabelecida durante a psicoterapia. Método: Pacientes em psicoterapia psicanalítica e seus respectivos terapeutas responderam ao Helping Alliance Questionary (HAq II). Os sintomas dos pacientes foram avaliados através do Symptom Checklist- 90-R (SCL 90), e seu o nível defensivo através da Escala de Funcionamento Defensivo do DSM-IV-TR. Resultados: Não houve associação entre o estabelecimento de uma aliança terapêutica de boa qualidade e o nível defensivo do paciente. No entanto houve diferença significativa quando a versão do terapeuta foi comparada com a respondida pelo paciente: os pacientes estabeleceram uma aliança terapêutica de melhor qualidade em relação a seus terapeutas do que o inverso. Discussão: O fato da aliança terapêutica de boa qualidade ter se estabelecido independentemente do nível defensivo do paciente sugere que o treinamento e as características pessoais dos terapeutas podem levar a uma capacidade de conectar-se com o paciente, apesar do grau de comprometimento do seu funcionamento psíquico.Backgroud: The establishment of a therapeutic alliance of good quality in analytic psychotherapy is crucial for the process an results. This study evaluated the relashionship between level of defense mechanisms and the quality of the therapeutic alliance established during the psychotherapy. Methods: Patients in psychotherapy and their respective therapists answered the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq II – patient version and HAQ II therapist version respectively). The symptoms were accessed by means of SCL-90, and the level of defenses through the Defensive Style Questionnaire of DSM-IV-TR. Results: There were no association between the quality of the therapeutic alliance and the patient level of defense mechanisms in this sample. On the other hand, it was found a significant difference when the HAqII answered by patients and therapist versions were compared: patients established a stronger therapeutic alliance in relation to their therapists. Discussion: The independence of levels of defense mechanisms used by the patients in relation to the quality of the established therapeutic alliance leads to the idea that training and personal characteristics of the therapists may lead to the development of an ability to connect well with patients in spite of their psychic functioning