63 research outputs found
Marqueurs transcriptionnels placentaires d'une exposition au BPA et BPS
Notre environnement actuel prĂ©sente de nombreux dangers pour la santĂ© des organismes. Lâun dâeux se caractĂ©rise par lâaltĂ©ration du systĂšme endocrinien des organismes par certaines substances, souvent issues de lâindustrie pharmaceutique ou chimique. Câest le cas du bisphĂ©nol A. Ce composĂ© chimique, utilisĂ© dans le processus de fabrication de plastiques, se lie aux rĂ©cepteurs hormonaux et empĂȘchent ceux-ci de fonctionner correctement. En consĂ©quence, lâexposition au bisphĂ©nol A augmente la prĂ©valence de lâobĂ©sitĂ©, de cancers et autres maladies. Aujourdâhui interdit dans certains produits de consommation, le bisphĂ©nol A compte de nombreux remplaçants, certainement tout aussi nĂ©faste, comme le bisphĂ©nol S. Pour autant, peu de recherches portent leur regard sur le possible effet des bisphĂ©nols sur le placenta. Lors du dĂ©veloppement embryonnaire, cet organe est le seul moyen de communication avec le monde extĂ©rieur, la prĂ©sence de perturbateurs endocriniens pourrait entraĂźner des consĂ©quences fortes sur le dĂ©veloppement embryonnaire.
Nous avons donc Ă©tudiĂ© la croissance fĆtale et cherchĂ© Ă identifier des marqueurs transcriptionnels placentaires aprĂšs une exposition au BPA et au BPS Ă faible dose, chez les rats Wistar. Nous avons alors sĂ©lectionnĂ© quatre gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans la placentation : Wnt7b, Postn, Grem1 et Spp1 et Ă©tudiĂ© leur expression dans le placenta. Enfin, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© les effets dâune exposition pĂ©rinatale au bisphĂ©nol S sur la croissance postnatale et le dĂ©veloppement pubertaire.
Cette expĂ©rience nous a permis dâidentifier des marqueurs transcriptionnels placentaires aprĂšs une exposition au bisphĂ©nol S, avec une diffĂ©rence sexuelle. Lâexpression des gĂšnes Spp1 et Wnt7b est diminuĂ©es chez les animaux exposĂ©s au BPS Ă faible dose par rapport au groupe contrĂŽle, respectivement chez les femelles et les mĂąles. Cette altĂ©ration de lâexpression des gĂšnes placentaires est associĂ©e Ă un effet dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre du BPS sur la croissance fĆtale qui est significatif chez le mĂąle. Le BPS diminue Ă©galement la croissance pondĂ©rale postnatale chez la femelle, ce qui semble diffĂ©rer de lâeffet obĂ©sogĂšne connu du BPA. Concernant la pubertĂ©, le bisphĂ©nol S semble induire un effet semblable Ă son prĂ©dĂ©cesseur puisquâil induit un lĂ©ger retard de lâouverture vaginal chez la femelle.12. Responsible consumption and productio
Smell your memories: Positive effect of odor exposure on recent and remote autobiographical memories in Alzheimer's disease
Introduction: There is a burgeoning interest in the effects of odor exposure on autobiographical memory in Alzheimerâs disease (AD). We pursued this line of research by assessing the effect of odor exposure on the retrieval of recent and remote memories in AD.
Method: Twenty-six patients with mild AD and 28 controls were tested in two conditions: with and without odor exposure. In each condition, participants were invited to retrieve two childhood memories, two adulthood memories, and two recent memories.
Results: Analysis showed that AD patients produced a higher number of and more specific childhood memories, adulthood memories, and recent memories after odor exposure than without odor.
Discussion: These findings demonstrate how odor exposure may alleviate anterograde and retrograde amnesia, at least when considering the ability of patients with mild AD to retrieve few recent or remote memories.The study was supported by the LABEX (excellence laboratory, program investment for the future); DISTALZ (Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer Disease); and EU Interreg 2 Seas Programme 2014- 2020 (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund).Scopu
Six-membered ring systems: with O and/or S atoms
A large variety of publications involving O- and S-6-membered ring systems
have appeared in 2017. The importance of these heterocyclic compounds
is highlighted by the huge number of publications on the total
synthesis of natural oxygen derivatives and of other communications
dedicated to synthetic derivatives.
Reviews on stereoselective organocatalytic synthesis of tetrahydropyrans
(17EJO4666), of tetrahydropyrans and their application in total synthesis of
natural products (17CSR1661), on the synthesis of the less thermodynamically
stable 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyrans (17S4899), on enantioselective
synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyran and chromene derivatives
(17TA1462), and on enantioselective and racemic total synthesis of
camptothecins, including the formation of their pyran-2-one ring
(17SL1134), have appeared.
Advances in the transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyran-2/4-ones
(17TL263), N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed achiral synthesis of
pyran-2-one, coumarin and (thio)chromone derivatives (17OBC4731), on
the synthesis and transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones (17T2529) and
2-styrylchromones (17EJO3115) into other heterocyclic compounds, have
been surveyed. The strategies to build up the tetrahydropyranyl core of
brevisamide (17H(95)81) and the reactions of ketyl radicals, generated from
carbonyl derivatives under transition-metal photoredox-catalyzed conditions,
leading to isochromen- and chroman-type compounds (17CC13093) were
disclosed. Developments in the synthesis of pentafluorosulfanyl(chromene
and coumarin) derivatives (17TL4803), photoswitchable D9-tetrahydrocannabinol
derivatives (17JA18206), and aminobenzopyranoxanthenes
with nitrogen-containing rings (17JOC13626) have been studied.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur la mémoire autobiographique et la projection dans le futur dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
Alzheimerâs disease is associated with an impairment of autobiographical memory,characterized by an over-generalization of personal memories, a decrease in subjective experience as well as by difficulties to project themselves into the future. Several studies haves hown that odor may alleviate decline of autobiographical retrieval in patients in the mild stage of Alzheimerâs disease. In this thesis, we carried out four experimental studies to assess the effects of olfactory stimulation on the specificity of autobiographical memory, the distribution of autobiographical memory and the ability of patients to project themselves into the future to imagine upcoming personal scenarios. Findings of the Study1 and Study2 demonstrate that olfactory stimulation improves the specificity, subjective experience, as well as emotional content of autobiographical memories in patients with mild Alzheimerâs disease. Findings of these two studies also demonstrate that olfactory stimulation reduces retrieval time of memories. In Study3, we compared the effects of olfactory stimulation on the recovery of recent and old memories. Results demonstrated that odors improved autobiographical specificity forall of the periods of life explored in the patients. In Study4, we compared the effects of olfactory stimulation on past and future thinking in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Results demonstrated that olfactory stimulation improves both the specificity and the emotional content of past and future thinking. However, olfactory stimulation did not contribute in the same way to the recovery / construction time and to the phenomenology associated with past and future autobiographical events. Overall, this thesis suggest that odor may be an effective cue to improve past and future thinking in patients with mild Alzheimerâs disease.Lâaffaiblissement de la mĂ©moire autobiographique survient de maniĂšre prĂ©coce dans la maladie dâAlzheimer, caractĂ©risĂ© par une sĂ©mantisation des souvenirs personnels, une diminution de lâexpĂ©rience subjective et par une incapacitĂ© Ă utiliser les reprĂ©sentations du passĂ© afin de se projeter mentalement dans le futur. Des Ă©tudes menĂ©es chez lâindividu jeune suggĂšrent que la stimulation olfactive est un indice particuliĂšrement efficace, permettant dâaugmenter la qualitĂ© du rappel autobiographique. Dans ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons entrepris quatre Ă©tudes menĂ©es chez des individus avec une maladie dâAlzheimer Ă un stade modĂ©rĂ©, et dont lâobjectif Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur le contenu de la mĂ©moire autobiographique,la distribution temporelle des souvenirs autobiographiques et la capacitĂ© Ă se projeter dans le futur. Les rĂ©sultats de ces deux premiĂšres Ă©tudes montrent que la stimulation olfactive amĂ©liore la spĂ©cificitĂ©, lâexpĂ©rience subjective, le contenu Ă©motionnel des souvenirs autobiographiques,et contribue Ă diminuer le temps nĂ©cessaire pour accĂ©der aux souvenirs (Ă©tude 1 et 2). Dans une troisiĂšme Ă©tude, nous avons comparĂ© les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur la rĂ©cupĂ©ration de souvenirs rĂ©cents et anciens. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude 3 montrent que les odeurs permettent dâaugmenter la spĂ©cificitĂ© autobiographique pour lâensemble des pĂ©riodes de vie explorĂ©es. Enfin notre quatriĂšme Ă©tude nous a permis de diffĂ©rencier les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur lâĂ©vocation dâĂ©vĂ©nements autobiographiques passĂ©s et futurs dans la maladie dâAlzheimer. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude 4 suggĂšrent que la stimulation olfactive agit de maniĂšre similaire sur la spĂ©cificitĂ©, et le contenu Ă©motionnel de ces deux types dâĂ©vĂ©nements. En revanche, la stimulation olfactive ne contribue pas de maniĂšre Ă©quivalente au temps de rĂ©cupĂ©ration/construction et Ă la phĂ©nomĂ©nologie associĂ©e aux Ă©vĂ©nements autobiographiques passĂ©s et futurs. De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, ces travaux permettent de conclure Ă un effet positif de la stimulation olfactive sur la rĂ©cupĂ©ration de souvenirs autobiographiques et la projection dans le futur chez des individus avec une maladie dâAlzheimer Ă un stade modĂ©rĂ©
Transgenerational alterations of energy balance caused by a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals in rats
peer reviewe
Utilization of iodonitrene in organic synthesis : application to the syntesis of NH-sulfoximines and 3H-diazirines
Les recherches prĂ©sentĂ©es dans ce manuscrit sâarticulent autour de la rĂ©activitĂ© du iodonitrĂšne gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© en prĂ©sence de PIDA et NH3. Tout dâabord, ce rĂ©actif a permis la synthĂšse monotope de NH sulfoximines Ă partir de sulfures (perfluorĂ©s ou non), via des intermĂ©diaires de type λ6-sulfanenitriles. LâutilitĂ© synthĂ©tique de cette mĂ©thode a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e avec Ă la synthĂšse du candidat mĂ©dicament Atuveciclib (Bayer). Dans un second temps, le iodonitrĂšne a Ă©tĂ© employĂ© pour la synthĂšse monotope de diazirines terminales Ă partir dâacides α-aminĂ©s. Lâobtention de 15N2-diazirines lors de lâutilisation de 15NH3 a suggĂ©rĂ© une Ă©tape de trans imination et a permis de synthĂ©tiser des 15N2-diazirines. Cette voie de synthĂšse a ensuite Ă©tĂ© Ă©tendue aux dĂ©rivĂ©s carbonylĂ©s. Enfin, des 15N2-diazirines ont Ă©tĂ© conçues pour lâhyperpolarisation, technique prometteuse pour lâimagerie mĂ©dicale. Les trĂšs longs temps de relaxation observĂ©s ainsi que le transfert de polarisation aux protons de la diazirine, laissent entrevoir de futures applications en IRM.This dissertation is organized around the reactivity of the iodonitrene generated in presence of PIDA and NH3. First, this reagent was used for the one-pot synthesis of NH-sulfoximines from sulfides (with or whithout perfluoroalkylated chains), thanks to λ6-sulfanenitriles intermediates. The synthetic usefulness of this method was demonstrated thanks to the synthesis of the clinical anti-cancer drug Atuveciclib (Bayer). On the other hand, the iodonitrene was also used for the one-pot synthesis of terminal diazirines from α-amino acids. The isolation of 15N2-diazirines in presence of 15NH3 suggest a trans-imination step and allowed for the synthesis of the corresponding 15N2-diazirines. Next, this synthetic method was then extended to carbonyl compound. Lastly, the terminal 15N2-diazirines were used in hyperpolarization, a promising NMR technique for medical imagery. Very long relaxation times and polarization transfer to the protons of the molecule outlook promising future applications in MRI
Effects of odor stimulation on autobiographical memory and futur thinking in Alzheimer's disease
Lâaffaiblissement de la mĂ©moire autobiographique survient de maniĂšre prĂ©coce dans la maladie dâAlzheimer, caractĂ©risĂ© par une sĂ©mantisation des souvenirs personnels, une diminution de lâexpĂ©rience subjective et par une incapacitĂ© Ă utiliser les reprĂ©sentations du passĂ© afin de se projeter mentalement dans le futur. Des Ă©tudes menĂ©es chez lâindividu jeune suggĂšrent que la stimulation olfactive est un indice particuliĂšrement efficace, permettant dâaugmenter la qualitĂ© du rappel autobiographique. Dans ce travail de thĂšse, nous avons entrepris quatre Ă©tudes menĂ©es chez des individus avec une maladie dâAlzheimer Ă un stade modĂ©rĂ©, et dont lâobjectif Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur le contenu de la mĂ©moire autobiographique,la distribution temporelle des souvenirs autobiographiques et la capacitĂ© Ă se projeter dans le futur. Les rĂ©sultats de ces deux premiĂšres Ă©tudes montrent que la stimulation olfactive amĂ©liore la spĂ©cificitĂ©, lâexpĂ©rience subjective, le contenu Ă©motionnel des souvenirs autobiographiques,et contribue Ă diminuer le temps nĂ©cessaire pour accĂ©der aux souvenirs (Ă©tude 1 et 2). Dans une troisiĂšme Ă©tude, nous avons comparĂ© les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur la rĂ©cupĂ©ration de souvenirs rĂ©cents et anciens. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude 3 montrent que les odeurs permettent dâaugmenter la spĂ©cificitĂ© autobiographique pour lâensemble des pĂ©riodes de vie explorĂ©es. Enfin notre quatriĂšme Ă©tude nous a permis de diffĂ©rencier les effets de la stimulation olfactive sur lâĂ©vocation dâĂ©vĂ©nements autobiographiques passĂ©s et futurs dans la maladie dâAlzheimer. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude 4 suggĂšrent que la stimulation olfactive agit de maniĂšre similaire sur la spĂ©cificitĂ©, et le contenu Ă©motionnel de ces deux types dâĂ©vĂ©nements. En revanche, la stimulation olfactive ne contribue pas de maniĂšre Ă©quivalente au temps de rĂ©cupĂ©ration/construction et Ă la phĂ©nomĂ©nologie associĂ©e aux Ă©vĂ©nements autobiographiques passĂ©s et futurs. De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, ces travaux permettent de conclure Ă un effet positif de la stimulation olfactive sur la rĂ©cupĂ©ration de souvenirs autobiographiques et la projection dans le futur chez des individus avec une maladie dâAlzheimer Ă un stade modĂ©rĂ©.Alzheimerâs disease is associated with an impairment of autobiographical memory,characterized by an over-generalization of personal memories, a decrease in subjective experience as well as by difficulties to project themselves into the future. Several studies haves hown that odor may alleviate decline of autobiographical retrieval in patients in the mild stage of Alzheimerâs disease. In this thesis, we carried out four experimental studies to assess the effects of olfactory stimulation on the specificity of autobiographical memory, the distribution of autobiographical memory and the ability of patients to project themselves into the future to imagine upcoming personal scenarios. Findings of the Study1 and Study2 demonstrate that olfactory stimulation improves the specificity, subjective experience, as well as emotional content of autobiographical memories in patients with mild Alzheimerâs disease. Findings of these two studies also demonstrate that olfactory stimulation reduces retrieval time of memories. In Study3, we compared the effects of olfactory stimulation on the recovery of recent and old memories. Results demonstrated that odors improved autobiographical specificity forall of the periods of life explored in the patients. In Study4, we compared the effects of olfactory stimulation on past and future thinking in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Results demonstrated that olfactory stimulation improves both the specificity and the emotional content of past and future thinking. However, olfactory stimulation did not contribute in the same way to the recovery / construction time and to the phenomenology associated with past and future autobiographical events. Overall, this thesis suggest that odor may be an effective cue to improve past and future thinking in patients with mild Alzheimerâs disease
Emotional and Phenomenological Properties of Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memories in Alzheimerâs Disease
Autobiographical memory, which contains all personal memories relative to our identity, has been found to be impaired in Alzheimer’ Disease (AD). Recent research has demonstrated that odor may serve as a powerful cue for the recovery of autobiographical memories in AD. Building on this research, we investigated emotional characteristics (arousal and valence) and subjective reliving of odor-evoked autobiographical memories in AD. We also investigated the relationship between these characteristics and depression. To this end, we invited participants with mild AD and controls to retrieve autobiographical memories after odor exposure or without odor. Results showed higher arousal, subjective reliving and more positive memories after odor exposure compared with the odor-free condition, these differences being observed only in AD participants. We also found that emotion (arousal and valence) and subjective reliving triggered by odor were associated with depressive symptoms in AD. These findings demonstrate that odor may be a useful cue to trigger more detailed, vivid and positive events in AD
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