Employment and the risk of domestic violence

Master in Economics. Empirical Applications and Policies. Academic Year 2021–2022.In this master’s thesis we study the effect on the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) for women of the emplyoment status of herself, her partner and income to- gether with a set of exogenous sociodemographic factors. In doing so we account for the possible endogeneity of the employment statuses as well as the incomne. We use the most recent data available which originates from the Violence Agains Women survey (VAW) in Spain from 2019. We apply three different estimation methods to study their differences and in order to be able to compare our results to previous stud- ies which used the same approaches. The estimation methods are a linear univariate probability model which we use in order to examine the results without taking possi- ble endogenity into account, a linear two-stage least squares probability model and a non-linear multivariate probability model. Where the latter two models account for endogeneity. Our main findings with respect to the employment statuses are that only the partners employment status plays a major role on reducing the risk of IPV for the woman and only when the woman is also employed and only on the non-physical IPV type. Furthermore, the lowest risk of non-physical IPV appears when both part- ners are employed. Additionally we find that especially the education of a woman and her partner plays a major role in reducing the risk for both types of IPV when successfully finished college

Memory Self-Efficacy in its Social Cognitive Context

This chapter takes a primarily cognitive construct - memory self-efficacy (MSE) - and returns it to its roots - social cognition (Bandura, 1986). This is a natural and obvious move. MSE has evolved since the mid-1980s (Berry, West, & Powlishta, 1986; Hertzog, Dixon, Schulenberg, & Hultsch, 1987) to its present identity and status in the cognitive aging and adult developmental research literature. If it is to avoid becoming a hypothesis in search of data (Light, 1991) or worse, an epiphenomenon to more robust explanations of cognitive aging (e.g., speed) (Salthouse, 1993), its potential and limits must be scrutinized and subjected to rigorous new research agendas. Arguably, MSE has arrived at its present destination via metamemory (Dixon, Hertzog, & Hultsch, 1986; Hertzog, Dixon, & Hultsch, 1990a; Hertzog et al., 1987; Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon, & Davidson, 1988), thereby acquiring a more cognitive emphasis than its clinical and social underpinnings suggest. This chapter presents MSE research from my lab that has been conducted from the orienting framework of self-efficacy theory and methodology (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1997; Bandura, Adams, Hardy, & Howells, 1980; Bandura, Reese, & Adams, 1982). The value of this framework lies in its rich theoretical foundation, its unique measurement approach, and its ties to social cognition. The goal of the chapter is to evaluate the present status of MSE research and to suggest new research directions

Authentification strategy in motion picture

In dieser Bachelorarbeit werden verschiedene Authentifizierungsstrategien herausge-arbeitet. Anhand dreier Filmbeispiele („Schmetterling und Taucherglocke“, „Code Unbekannt“ & „Babel“) wird aufgezeigt, dass ein Film authentisch sein kann, ohne die Wirklichkeit wiederzugeben. Drei Kriterien zur Beurteilung der Authentizität werden vorgestellt und auf diese drei Filmbeispiele angewandt. Ferner wird die Arbeit eine Abgrenzung des Begriffs Authentizität zu den eng verbundenen Begriffen Realität und Wirklichkeit enthalten. In einem kurzen Exkurs wird gezeigt, wie wichtig es für den Fil-memacher ist, sein Publikum mit den Sehgewohnheiten und kulturellen Hintergründen zu kennen, damit er mit ihnen kommunizieren kann und sein Film als authentisch empfunden wird

Effect of context on mimicry and emotional contagion : does disliking inhibit mimicry and emotional contagion?

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-49).viii, 49 leaves, bound 29 cmPrevious research on mimicry suggests that this process occurs automatically in response to perception of a behavior or emotion. However, there is evidence that goals such as liking or having a desire to affiliate with another may affect mimicry of that person. This study tested the hypothesis that encountering a socially undesirable person will inhibit mimicry and contagion while encountering a highly socially desirable person will enhance mimicry and contagion. Participants were induced to dislike, feel neutral about, or like another person. They were then shown videos of that person recounting either a sad or happy story. Participants' reactions to the videos were taped and coded for mimicry. They also rated their own level of happiness after both the sad and happy stories. In partial confirmation of the hypothesis, results showed that for sad emotions, disliking the target caused significantly less mimicry than feeling neutral about the target while liking the target caused significantly more contagion than feeling neutral about the target However, contrary to the hypothesis, those who felt neutral mimicked the most and felt the least contagion. For the happy video, there was no effect of likeability condition on mimicry and contagion

Psychophysiology of type A behavior pattern: A critical analysis

Based on an analysis of 45 studies recently reported in the literature and data from a psychophysiological investigation, the hypothesized physiological mechanisms underlying Type A behavior and the methods used to determine Type A behavior (e.g., Structured Interview, SI, and the Jenkins Activity Survey, JAS) are tested. After determining behavior type with both the SI and JAS, subjects (N = 58 physical-education students) participated in a laboratory/field experiment with two replications consisting of the following conditions: (1) rest, (2) mental arithmetic, (3) reaction time test, (4) preparing and giving a speech, (5) Cold Pressor Test, (6) bicycle ergometric exercise, and (7) 1000 m run. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, ventricular ejection time, pulse volume amplitude, pulse transit time, pulse wave velocity, electrodermal activity, respiratory volume, oxygen uptake, and uric catecholamine levels were measured. Results of the analysis of the literature indicate that, with the exception of change scores on systolic blood pressure, mean differences on the physiological measures exhibited by Type A and B men are primarily not significant. The Structured Interview shows only a modest inter-rater reliability. The Jenkins Activity Survey demonstrates relatively low stability upon retest and fails to show sufficient internal consistency. Correlations between these measures are low. No consistent differences on physiological measures could be found in our subjects based on behavior type (according to SI or JAS criteria), although the challenging conditions were selected to elicit Type A behavior. For our data, differences between Types A and B were also not found for systolic blood pressure, regardless of which behavioral assessment method was employed