Radial Velocity and Metallicity of the Globular Cluster IC4499 Obtained with AAOmega

We present radial velocity and metallicity measurements for the far-southern Galactic globular cluster IC4499. We selected several hundred target red giant stars in and around the cluster from the 2MASS point source catalog, and obtained spectra at the near-infrared calcium triplet using the AAOmega spectrograph. Observations of giants in globular clusters M4, M22, and M68 were taken to provide radial velocity and metallicity comparison objects. Based on velocity data we conclude that 43 of our targets are cluster members, by far the largest sample of IC4499 giants spectroscopically studied. We determine the mean heliocentric radial velocity of the cluster to be 31.5 plus or minus 0.4 km/s, and find the most likely central velocity dispersion to be 2.5 plus or minus 0.5 km/s. This leads to a dynamical mass estimate for the cluster of 93 plus or minus 37 thousand solar masses. We are sensitive to cluster rotation down to an amplitude of about 1 km/s, but no evidence for cluster rotation is seen. The cluster metallicity is found to be [Fe/H] = -1.52 plus or minus 0.12 on the Carretta-Gratton scale. The radial velocity of the cluster, previously highly uncertain, is consistent with membership in the Monoceros tidal stream, but also with a halo origin. The horizontal branch morphology of the cluster is slightly redder than average for its metallicity, but it is likely not unusually young compared to other clusters of the halo. The new constraints on the cluster kinematics and metallicity may give insight into its extremely high specific frequency of RR Lyrae stars.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS, 13 pages, 9 figure

Expression of the Intracellular COPT3-Mediated Cu Transport Is Temporally Regulated by the TCP16 Transcription Factor

[EN] Copper is an essential element in plants. When scarce, copper is acquired from extracellular environment or remobilized from intracellular sites, through members of the high affinity copper transporters family COPT located at the plasma membrane and internal membrane, respectively. Here, we show that COPT3 is an intracellular copper transporter, located at a compartment of the secretory pathway, that is mainly expressed in pollen grains and vascular bundles. Contrary to the COPT1 plasma membrane member, the expression of the internal COPT3 membrane transporter was higher at 12 h than at 0 h of a neutral photoperiod day under copper deficiency. The screening of a library of conditionally overexpressed transcription factors implicated members of the TCP family in the COPT3 differential temporal expression pattern. Particularly, in vitro, TCP16 was found to bind to the COPT3 promoter and down-regulated its expression. Accordingly, TCP16 was mainly expressed at 0 h under copper deficiency and induced at 12 h by copper excess. Moreover, TCP16 overexpression resulted in increased sensitivity to copper deficiency, whereas the tcp16 mutant was sensitive to copper excess. Both copper content and the expression of particular copper status markers were altered in plants with modified levels of TCP16. Consistent with TCP16 affecting pollen development, the lack of COPT3 function led to altered pollen morphology. Furthermore, analysis of copt3 and COPT3 overexpressing plants revealed that COPT3 function exerted a negative effect on TCP16 expression. Taken together, these results suggest a differential daily regulation of copper uptake depending on the external and internal copper pools, in which TCP16 inhibits copper remobilization at dawn through repression of intracellular transporters.This work has been supported by grants BIO2017-87828-C2-1-P (LP) and the TRANSPLANTA Consortium (CSD2007-00057) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and by FEDER funds from the European Union. NA-C and AC-S were recipients of a predoctoral FPI fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Andrés-Colás, N.; Carrió-Seguí, Á.; Abdel-Ghany, SE.; Pilon, M.; Peñarrubia, L. (2018). Expression of the Intracellular COPT3-Mediated Cu Transport Is Temporally Regulated by the TCP16 Transcription Factor. Frontiers in Plant Science. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00910S9Abdel-Ghany, S. E., Müller-Moulé, P., Niyogi, K. K., Pilon, M., & Shikanai, T. (2005). 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Comparison of global responses to mild deficiency and excess copper levels in Arabidopsis seedlings

[EN] Copper is an essential micronutrient in higher plants, but it is toxic in excess. The fine adjustments required to fit copper nutritional demands for optimal growth are illustrated by the diverse, severe symptoms resulting from copper deficiency and excess. Here, a differential transcriptomic analysis was done between Arabidopsis thaliana plants suffering from mild copper deficiency and those with a slight copper excess. The effects on the genes encoding cuproproteins or copper homeostasis factors were included in a CuAt database, which was organised to collect additional information and connections to other databases. The categories overrepresented under copper deficiency and copper excess conditions are discussed. Different members of the categories overrepresented under copper deficiency conditions were both dependent and independent of the general copper deficiency transcriptional regulator SPL7. The putative regulatory elements in the promoter of the copper deficiency overrepresented genes, particularly of the iron superoxide dismutase gene FSD1, were also analysed. A 65 base pair promoter fragment, with at least three GTAC sequences, was found to be not only characteristic of them all, but was responsible for most of the FSD1 copper-dependent regulations. Moreover, a new molecular marker for the slight excess copper nutritional status is proposed. Taken together, these data further contribute to characterise copper nutritional responses in higher plants.We thank Dr Toshiharu Shikanai for the spl7 mutant and the Unitat d'Analisi Elemental, Serveis Cientificotecnics at the Universitat de Barcelona. This work has been supported by Grants BIO2011-24848 and CSD2007-00057 to L.P. from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and by FEDER funds from the European Union and the Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Valencian Government; ACOMP07-159). N.A.-C., A.G.-M. and A.P.-G were recipients of predoctoral fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Andres-Colas, N.; Perea García, A.; Mayo, S.; Garcia-Molina, A.; Dorcey, E.; Rodríguez-Navarro, S.; Perez Amador, MA.... (2013). Comparison of global responses to mild deficiency and excess copper levels in Arabidopsis seedlings. Metallomics. 5(9):1234-1246. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3mt00025g123412465

Chemotherapy or allogeneic transplantation in high-risk Philadelphia chromosome–negative adult lymphoblastic leukemia

The need for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high-risk (HR) features and adequate measurable residual disease (MRD) clearance remains unclear. The aim of the ALL-HR-11 trial was to evaluate the outcomes of HR Ph− adult ALL patients following chemotherapy or allo-HSCT administered based on end-induction and consolidation MRD levels. Patients aged 15 to 60 years with HR-ALL in complete response (CR) and MRD levels (centrally assessed by 8-color flow cytometry) <0.1% after induction and <0.01% after early consolidation were assigned to receive delayed consolidation and maintenance therapy up to 2 years in CR. The remaining patients were allocated to allo-HSCT. CR was attained in 315/348 patients (91%), with MRD <0.1% after induction in 220/289 patients (76%). By intention-to-treat, 218 patients were assigned to chemotherapy and 106 to allo-HSCT. The 5-year (±95% confidence interval) cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival probabilities for the whole series were 43% ± 7%, 49% ± 7%, and 40% ± 6%, respectively, with CIR and OS rates of 45% ± 8% and 59% ± 9% for patients assigned to chemotherapy and of 40% ± 12% and 38% ± 11% for those assigned to allo-HSCT, respectively. Our results show that avoiding allo-HSCT does not hamper the outcomes of HR Ph− adult ALL patients up to 60 years with adequate MRD response after induction and consolidation. Better postremission alternative therapies are especially needed for patients with poor MRD clearance

Evolutionary history of copy-number-variable locus for the low-affinity Fcy receptor: mutation rate, autoimmune disease, and the legacy of helminth infection

Both sequence variation and copy-number variation (CNV) of the genes encoding receptors for immunoglobulin G (Fcg receptors) have been genetically and functionally associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular nature and evolutionary context of this variation is unknown. Here, we describe the structure of the CNV, estimate its mutation rate and diversity, and place it in the context of the known functional alloantigen variation of these genes. Deletion of Fcg receptor IIIB, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, is a result of independent nonallelic homologous recombination events with a frequency of approximately 0.1%. We also show that pathogen diversity, in particular helminth diversity, has played a critical role in shaping the functional variation at these genes both between mammalian species and between human populations. Positively selected amino acids are involved in the interaction with IgG and include some amino acids that are known polymorphic alloantigens in humans. This supports a genetic contribution to the hygiene hypothesis, which states that past evolution in the context of helminth diversity has left humans with an array of susceptibility alleles for autoimmune disease in the context of a helminth-free environment. This approach shows the link between pathogens and autoimmune disease at the genetic level and provides a strategy for interrogating the genetic variation underlying autoimmunedisease risk and infectious-disease susceptibility

Copper and ectopic expression of the Arabidopsis transport protein COPT1 alter iron homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Higher plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to efficiently acquire and use micronutrients such as copper and iron. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between both metals remain poorly understood. In the present work, we study the effects produced on iron homeostasis by a wide range of copper concentrations in the growth media and by altered copper transport in Oryza sativa plants. Gene expression profiles in rice seedlings grown under copper excess show an altered expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis compared to standard control conditions. Thus, ferritin OsFER2 and ferredoxin OsFd1 mRNAs are down-regulated whereas the transcriptional iron regulator OsIRO2 and the nicotianamine synthase OsNAS2 mRNAs rise under copper excess. As expected, the expression of OsCOPT1, which encodes a high-affinity copper transport protein, as well as other copper-deficiency markers are down-regulated by copper. Furthermore, we show that Arabidopsis COPT1 overexpression (C1OE) in rice causes root shortening in high copper conditions and under iron deficiency. C1OE rice plants modify the expression of the putative iron-sensing factors OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 and enhance the expression of OsIRO2 under copper excess, which suggests a role of copper transport in iron signaling. Importantly, the C1OE rice plants grown on soil contain higher endogenous iron concentration than wild-type plants in both brown and white grains. Collectively, these results highlight the effects of rice copper status on iron homeostasis, which should be considered to obtain crops with optimized nutrient concentrations in edible parts

NGC765-a disturbed HI giant

The definitive version can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Copyright Royal Astronomical SocietyWe present H I spectral line and radio-continuum Very Large Array (VLA) data of the galaxy NGC 765, complemented by optical and Chandra X-ray maps. NGC 765 has the largest H I-to-optical ratio known to date of any spiral galaxy and one of the largest known H I discs in absolute size with a diameter of 240 kpc measured at a surface density of 2 × 1019* atom cm−2. We derive a total H i mass of , a dynamical mass of Mdyn∼ 5.1 × 1011 M⊙ and an H i mass-to-luminosity ratio of MH I/LB= 1.6, making it the nearest and largest ‘crouching giant’. Optical images reveal evidence of a central bar with tightly wound low surface brightness spiral arms extending from it. Radio-continuum (L1.4 GHz= 1.3 × 1021 W Hz−1) and X-ray (LX≈ 1.7 × 1040 erg s−1) emission is found to coincide with the optical core of the galaxy, compatible with nuclear activity powered by a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus. We may be dealing with a galaxy that has retained in its current morphology traces of its formation history. In fact, it may still be undergoing some accretion, as evidenced by the presence of H i clumps the size (<10 kpc) and mass (108–109 M⊙) of small (dIrr) galaxies in the outskirts of its H i disc and by the presence of two similarly sized companions. *[see original online abstract for correct notation]Peer reviewe