Preservación del bambú por el método de inmersión en la región de Cuetzalan del progreso Puebla, México

En el presente trabajo se muestra la forma de optimizar el método de preservación por inmersión del bambú en la región de de Cuetzalan del Progreso Puebla. La investigación se llevo a cabo en el taller de bambú en la sociedad cooperativa Tosepan ojtasentekitini ubicada en el Municipio de Cuetzalan del Estado de Puebla. Tiene como propósito principal el de recomendar la cantidad ideal de solución en el tiempo adecuado de inmersión para su preservación. Se realizo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 2 factores. Tomando 12 repeticiones para cada tratamiento, con tres especies Guadua aculeata, Bambusa oldhamii, Guadua angustifolia. El preservante utilizado consistió en una mezcla de compuestos de boro, bórax (Na2B4O710H2O) y ácido bórico (H3BO3) en proporción 1:1. Los principales resultados de la investigación realizada, se encontró que para la especie Guadua aculeata se puede disminuir la concentración utilizada actualmente al 50 % manteniendo los culmos en 4 días de inmersión ya que no existe una variación estadística significativa en relación con mayor concentración o mayor número de días en inmersión por lo tanto es posible optimizar gastos y tiempo al realizar el tratamiento preservante

Genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by cadmium and zinc in the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala

This study sought to determine the DNA damage, and the lipoperoxidative effect, as well as changes in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities induced by CdSO4 (Cd), and ZnSO4 (Zn), in addition to two different mixtures of the metals. Planarian Dugesia dorotocephala collected in the Ignacio Ramirez reservoir, México, adapted to laboratory conditions, and exposed to the metals in a controlled system was used. Initially, LC50 at 96 h of exposure was determined and the result obtained were 0.69 mg/L for Cd, 11.99 mg/L for Zn, 10.28 mg/L for mix 1, and 8.11 mg/L for mix 2. Then, the comet assay showed a DNA damage increase induced by Cd (0.13 and 0.2 mg/L) as high as 94% over the control level; the effect by Zn (from 0.2 to 2.7 mg/L) was clearly lower, although statistically significant with the high concentrations tested. As regards the two mixtures, we observed a concentration dependent increase. Similarly, in respect to lipoperoxidation, we found a strong effect by Cd, a slight effect by Zn, and a concentration dependent effect induced by the mixtures. Finally, the activity of the tested enzymes was modified by the metals in relation to the concentration applied.Keywords: Zinc, cadmium, planarian, DNA damage, oxidative stressAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(25), pp. 4028-403

Clinical factors associated with high glycemic variability defined by coefficient of variation in patients with type 2 diabetes

Antecedentes: La Variabilidad Glucémica Alta (VHG) ha convertirse en un predictor más fuerte de hipoglucemia. Sin embargo, aún se desconocen los factores clínicos asociados con el VHG. Objetivo:Determinar las variables clínicas que se asociaron con un coeficiente de variación (CV) superior al 36% evaluado mediante monitorización continua de glucosa (MCG) en un grupo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Se evaluó una cohorte de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (T2D). Se evaluaron variables demográficas, HbA1c, tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) y régimen de tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis bivariado, para evaluar la asociación entre la variable resultado (CV > 36%) y cada una de las variables independientes. Se construyó un modelo multivariado para evaluar las asociaciones después de controlar las variables de confusión. Resultados:Se analizaron los datos de MCG de 274 pacientes. CV> 36% estuvo presente en 56 pacientes (20,4%). En el análisis bivariado se incluyeron variables demográficas y clínicas, como tiempo desde el diagnóstico, antecedente de hipoglucemia, A1c, FG y tratamiento instaurado. En el análisis multivariante, FG 9% (OR 2,81; IC 1,05,7,51; p:0,04) y antecedentes de hipoglucemia (OR 2,09; IC 1,02, 4,32; p: 0,04) se asociaron con VHG. El tratamiento con iDPP4 (OR 0,39; IC 0,19, 0,82; p: 0,01) y AGLP1 (OR 0,08; IC 0,01, 0,68; p: 0,02) se asoció inversamente con la VG. Conclusión:Variables clínicas como FG 9% y antecedentes de hipoglucemia se asocian a un VG alto. Nuestros datos sugieren que el uso de tecnología y tratamientos capaces de reducir la variabilidad glucémica podría ser útil en esta población para reducir el riesgo de hipoglucemia y mejorar el control glucémico.Q3Background: High glycemic Variability (HGV) has become a stronger predictor of hypoglycemia. However, clinical factors associate with HGV still are unknown. Objective: To determine clinical variables that were associated with a coefficient of variation (CV) above 36% evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a group of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was evaluated. Demographic variables, HbA1c, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and treatment regimen were assessed. A bivariate analysis was performed, to evaluate the association between the outcome variable (CV> 36%) and each of the independent variables. A multivariate model was constructed to evaluate associations after controlling for confounding variables. Results: CGM data from 274 patients were analyzed. CV> 36% was present in 56 patients (20.4%). In the bivariate analysis, demographic and clinical variables were included, such as time since diagnosis, hypoglycemia history, A1c, GFR and treatment established. In the multivariate analysis, GFR 9% (OR 2.81; CI 1.05,7.51; p:0.04) and hypoglycemia history (OR 2.09; CI 1.02,4.32; p:0.04) were associated with HGV. Treatment with iDPP4 (OR 0.39; CI 0.19,0.82; p:0.01) and AGLP1 (OR 0.08; CI 0.01,0.68; p:0.02) was inversely associated with GV. Conclusion: Clinical variables such as GFR 9% and a history of hypoglycemia are associated with a high GV. Our data suggest that the use of technology and treatments able to reduce glycemic variability could be useful in this population to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and to improve glycemic control.Revista Internacional - Indexad

Digestibilidad in vitro de dietas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de moringa (Moringa oleifera) para corderos en crecimiento

The study aimed to evaluate different levels of inclusion of Moringa oleifera L. forage in diets for growing lambs on the kinetics of ruminal fermentation and in vitro degradability. Five treatments were used, expressed in g kg-1 DM and consisted of control (IM0 = 0), low inclusion level (IM10 = 100), medium inclusion levels (IM20 = 200 and IM30 = 300) and high inclusion level (IM40 = 400). No effect of moringa inclusion levels was observed at 6, 12 and 24 h; however, at 48 h the IM40 inclusion level obtained the lowest value (116.0 ml g-1). In the accumulated gas production at 48 and 72 h, a linear pattern was observed, as the level of inclusion of M. oleifera in the diet increases, gas production decreases. Likewise, it was observed that the in vitro digestibility of dry matter was affected by the level of inclusion of M. oleifera, observing a decrease in degradability as the level of inclusion increases, where the levels of 100 and 200 g kg-1 MS equalled the value observed for the control diet (796.3, 794.5 and 810.5 g kg-1 of DM, respectively). Using Moringa oleifera L. at levels less than 20% in diets for growing lambs represents a feeding alternative for production units.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar diferentes niveles de inclusión de forraje de Moringa oleifera L. en dietas para corderos en crecimiento sobre la cinética de fermentación ruminal y degradabilidad in vitro. Se utilizaron cinco tratamientos, los cuales fueron expresados en g kg-1 MS y consistieron en: control (IM0 = 0), nivel de inclusión bajo (IM10 = 100), niveles de inclusión medios (IM20 = 200 e IM30 = 300) y nivel de inclusión alto (IM40 = 400). No se observó un efecto de los niveles de inclusión de moringa a las 6, 12 y 24 h; sin embargo, a las 48 h el nivel de inclusión IM40 obtuvo el menor valor (116.0 ml g-1). En la producción de gas acumulada a las 48 y 72 h, se observó un comportamiento lineal; es decir, a medida que aumenta el nivel de inclusión de M. oleifera en la dieta la producción de gas disminuye. Así mismo, se observó que la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) fue afectada por el nivel de inclusión de M. oleifera, observándose una disminución de la degradabilidad conforme aumenta el nivel de inclusión, donde los niveles de 100 y 200 g kg-1 MS igualaron al valor observado para la dieta testigo (796.3, 794.5 y 810.5 g kg-1 de MS, respectivamente). Utilizar Moringa oleifera L. a niveles menores al 20% en dietas para corderos en crecimiento representa una alternativa de alimentación para las unidades de producción

Yeast Interactions in Inoculated Wine Fermentation

The use of selected starter culture is widely diffused in winemaking. In pure fermentation, the ability of inoculated Saccharomyces cerevisiae to suppress the wild microflora is one of the most important feature determining the starter ability to dominate the process. Since the wine is the result of the interaction of several yeast species and strains, many studies are available on the effect of mixed cultures on the final wine quality. In mixed fermentation the interactions between the different yeasts composing the starter culture can led the stability of the final product and the analytical and aromatic profile. In the present review, we will discuss the recent developments regarding yeast interactions in pure and in mixed fermentation, focusing on the influence of interactions on growth and dominance in the process

Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius $A$. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction.Comment: Matches published versio

Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density, affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic