Relationship betwen cold periods and changes in macroscale patterns (North Atlantic oscillation) in Guadiana River floods

Global changes in climate have been widely documented but the relationships between these changes and floods are not easy to establish. Hydroclimatology offers an important tool in order to improve our knowledge about the flood producing mechanisms, which can be used to explain historical and palaeohydrological events. Storm cells and mesoscale systems develop into small floods, mainly at tributary streams. But a synoptic scale relates better to Guadiana River floods, dominant in winter. At a higher level, macroscale atmospheric configuration can also explain flood generation at the Guadiana River and, particularly, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) that is one of the most important recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation. There is no reliable evidence, however relating NAO and historical floods in Europe, especially for central European countries. This situation changes in the Iberian Peninsula, specially in the Southwest that shows a good relationship between winter floods and a negative NAO phase. Recent Guadiana River floods (XX century) could be related to these phenomena, but there´s not and index who covers previous events. Guadiana palaeoflood records compiled using slackwater deposits are dated by 14C radiometric methods and associated, when it is possible to a historical flood event. Results shows event clusters during cooling phases and it is likely that they reflect moments of climatic variabilit

Acorn flour and sourdough: an innovative combination to improve gluten free bread characteristics

Nowadays, challenges in gluten free breads (GFB) are focused on improving the nutritional and health benefits. Acorn flour is an underexploited sustainable ingredient, naturally gluten free, with many nutritional and technological advantages. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction of acorn flour supplementation (up to 35%) to rice flour and sourdough process to obtain rice based GFB. Different levels of rice flour replacement with acorn flour (0%, 23% and 35%), and sourdough (20%) were tested in a basic GFB recipe, and technological, nutritional, and functional GFB characteristics evaluated. The combination of acorn flour and sourdough was responsible for acidifying dough and bread. Breads containing 35:65 acorn flour: rice flour led to harder breads with lower crumb luminosity and with reddish and brownish tones, besides improved structural features when adding sourdough. That combination of sourdough and acorn flour reduced the rate and the extent of starch hydrolysis, as well as increase the minerals content, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the combination of acorn flour and sourdough process allows obtaining rice based GFB with better nutritional patterninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimal Power Flow in Direct Current Networks Using the Antlion Optimizer

This document presents a solution method for optimal power flow (OPF) problem in direct current (DC) networks by implementing a master-slave optimization methodology that combines an antlion optimizer (ALO) and a power flow approach based on successive approximation (SA ). In the master stage, the ALO determines the optimal amount of power to be delivered by all the distributed generators (DGs) in order to minimize the total power losses in the distribution lines of the DC network. In slave stage, the power flow problem is solved considering constant power loads and power outputs of DGs as constants. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model, two additional comparative methods were implemented: particle swarm optimization (PSO) and black hole optimization (BHO). Two distribution test feeders (21 and 69 nodes) were simulated under different scenarios of distributed power generation. The simulations, conducted in MATLAB 2018$b$, show that the proposed method (ALO) presents a better balance between power loss minimization and computational time required to find the optimal solution regardless of the size of the DC network

Efecto sobre la calidad de la leche, características tecnológicas y producción quesera de la raza merina de grazalema frente al cruce con razas mejoradas

En los últimos años se están incorporando masivamente en España, en general y Andalucía en particular, razas ovinas foráneas de aptitud lechera, fundamentalmente las razas Assaf, Awassi y Lacaune. Su introducción está fomentando asimismo, la realización de cruces indiscriminados con nuestras razas ovinas autóctonas, de aptitud lechera pero de menor especialización, al menos cuantitativamente (Casas et al., 2005). El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar en dos grupos de animales de un mismo rebaño (ovejas puras de raza Merina de Grazalema, y ovejas cruzadas Merina de Grazalema x Awassi) las características de la producción lechera, y proceder a la elaboración de quesos para estudiar las posibles Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca 34 diferencias tecnológicas de los quesos derivados de ambas elaboraciones. A través del mismo se ha comprobado una mayor producción lechera de las ovejas cruzadas (167,35±13,20 kg frente a 136,84±4,25 kg) pero con un porcentaje de grasa (6,25±0,34 % frente a 8,27±0,22 %), proteína (4,71±0,14 % frente a 5,80±0,09 %) y extracto seco (10,97±0,46 % frente a 14,07±0,28 %) estadísticamente inferior. En cuanto a los parámetros de aptitud tecnológica, los valores de tiempo de coagulación medio (24,70±0,77 minutos), dureza media (dureza del coágulo a los 30 minutos) de 25,03±2,27 mm, y el rendimiento en cuajada (327,50±5,70 g/l), mostraron cifras inferiores a las referenciadas por Casas et al. (2005) para la raza ovina Merina de Grazalema. Finalmente, la velocidad de endurecimiento resultó mayor a los valores obtenidos en el trabajo citado anteriormente (4,59±0,54 min). Por otro lado, estos mismos parámetros mostraron valores inferiores en el tiempo de coagulación (19,60±0,62 minutos), velocidad de endurecimiento (3,97±0,38 min) y rendimiento en cuajada (290,55±6,67), mientras que la dureza media (32,85±2,03 mm) fue superior en las ovejas cruzadas, respecto a los valores encontrados en esta misma explotación para los animales puros. Como consecuencia de todo ello, el rendimiento quesero real fue del 30,25 % para las ovejas puras frente al 23,70 % de las cruzadas. Esto determina que la producción quesera real que se obtiene por oveja pura, sea superior al de la cruzada (41,38 kg queso fresco/ lactación frente a los 39,70 de la cruzada).Proyecto INIA. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia

Production of Sigma{\pm}pi?pK+ in p+p reactions at 3.5 GeV beam energy

We study the production of Sigma^+-pi^+-pK^+ particle quartets in p+p reactions at 3.5 GeV kinetic beam energy. The data were taken with the HADES experiment at GSI. This report evaluates the contribution of resonances like Lambda(1405$, Sigma(1385)^0, Lambda(1520), Delta(1232), N^* and K^*0 to the Sigma^+- pi^-+ p K+ final state. The resulting simulation model is compared to the experimental data in several angular distributions and it shows itself as suitable to evaluate the acceptance corrections properly.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Origin of the low-mass electron pair excess in light nucleus-nucleus collisions

We report measurements of electron pair production in elementary p+p and d+p reactions at 1.25 GeV/u with the HADES spectrometer. For the first time, the electron pairs were reconstructed for n+p reactions by detecting the proton spectator from the deuteron breakup. We find that the yield of electron pairs with invariant mass Me+e- > 0.15 GeV/c2 is about an order of magnitude larger in n+p reactions as compared to p+p. A comparison to model calculations demonstrates that the production mechanism is not sufficiently described yet. The electron pair spectra measured in C+C reactions are compatible with a superposition of elementary n+p and p+p collisions, leaving little room for additional electron pair sources in such light collision systems.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, \usepackage{epsfig

Study of dielectron production in C+C collisions at 1 AGeV

The emission of e+e- pairs from C+C collisions at an incident energy of 1 GeV per nucleon has been investigated. The measured production probabilities, spanning from the pi0-Dalitz to the rho/omega! invariant-mass region, display a strong excess above the cocktail of standard hadronic sources. The bombarding-energy dependence of this excess is found to scale like pion production, rather than like eta production. The data are in good agreement with results obtained in the former DLS experiment.Comment: submitted to Physics Letters

The Milky Way Bulge: Observed properties and a comparison to external galaxies

The Milky Way bulge offers a unique opportunity to investigate in detail the role that different processes such as dynamical instabilities, hierarchical merging, and dissipational collapse may have played in the history of the Galaxy formation and evolution based on its resolved stellar population properties. Large observation programmes and surveys of the bulge are providing for the first time a look into the global view of the Milky Way bulge that can be compared with the bulges of other galaxies, and be used as a template for detailed comparison with models. The Milky Way has been shown to have a box/peanut (B/P) bulge and recent evidence seems to suggest the presence of an additional spheroidal component. In this review we summarise the global chemical abundances, kinematics and structural properties that allow us to disentangle these multiple components and provide constraints to understand their origin. The investigation of both detailed and global properties of the bulge now provide us with the opportunity to characterise the bulge as observed in models, and to place the mixed component bulge scenario in the general context of external galaxies. When writing this review, we considered the perspectives of researchers working with the Milky Way and researchers working with external galaxies. It is an attempt to approach both communities for a fruitful exchange of ideas.Comment: Review article to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing. 36 pages, 10 figure

Measurement of negative particle multiplicity in S - Pb collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon with the NA36 TPC

A high statistics study of the negative multiplicity distribution from S-Pb collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon is presented. The NA36 TPC was used to detect charged particles; corrections are based upon the maximum entropy method.A high statistics study of the negative multiplicity distribution from S-Pb collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon is presented. The NA36 TPC was used to detect charged particles; corrections are based upon the maximum entropy method.A high statistics study of the negative particle multiplicity distribution from S–Pb collisions at 200 GeV/ c per nucleon is presented. The NA36 TPC was used to detect charged particles; corrections are based upon the maximum entropy method

Search for single top quarks in the tau+jets channel using 4.8 fb−1^{-1} of ppˉp\bar{p} collision data

We present the first direct search for single top quark production using tau leptons. The search is based on 4.8 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=1.96 TeV with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We select events with a final state including an isolated tau lepton, missing transverse energy, two or three jets, one or two of them $b$ tagged. We use a multivariate technique to discriminate signal from background. The number of events observed in data in this final state is consistent with the signal plus background expectation. We set in the tau+jets channel an upper limit on the single top quark cross section of \TauLimObs pb at the 95% C.L. This measurement allows a gain of 4% in expected sensitivity for the observation of single top production when combining it with electron+jets and muon+jets channels already published by the D0 collaboration with 2.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data. We measure a combined cross section of \SuperCombineXSall pb, which is the most precise measurement to date.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure