Determination of reflectance and transmittance of multi-layer of InGaAs and theoretical methods for obtaining of optical constants

5 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas.-- Trabajo presentado al 1st International Congress on Instrumentation and Applied Sciences celebrado en Cancún (México) del 26 al 29 de Octubre de 2010.The theoretical concepts are necessary to obtain the optical constants of several materials in InGaAs Photodiode and are possible to obtain from experimental dates of reflectance and transmittance and several optical coverings can be designed. In this work we will show how to calculate the reflectance of photodiode for all the wavelengths (each 50 nm, according to the data of refractive index), as well as changing to the angle of incidence and polarization s and p, besides the calculation of the transmittance of a multi-layer ones of InGaAs. A multi-layer is constituted by a series of piled up laminae some on others and in this work we will suppose that they are homogenous, isotropic and plane-parallel, the structure is in the first case we have a transparent layer of NSi, late second layer of InP (Zn), soon a third layer of InGaAs and finally a later of InP (S). These multilayers are destined for optical applications, in our case will be case of study in the case of the photodiodes, the thicknesses of the layers will be of the order of the wavelength of incident radiation, which in the case of radiation IR/NIR is translated in thicknesses of approximately between 1y 100 nm. For the determination of optical constants they are possible to be done of different ways in our case we will concentrate in 1) Measured of reflectance in normal incidence. These measures only provide the value of n in the case of means transparents.2) Measured of reflectance in two angles of incidence. It allows to the use of natural light or polarized.3) Two measures of R p R s in two angles of incidence outside the normal one. 4) Rs and Rp in a single angle of incidence outside the normal one.Peer reviewe

Lecturas de política monetaria y financiera

1 archivo PDF (487 páginas)Conjunto de trabajos de investigadores especializados en teoría monetaria y financiera, que presentan un análisis teórico y empírico de los cambios de la economía mexicana, propuestas y críticas tanto de los procesos mismos cómo de las políticas con que enfrentan las autoridades monetarias nacionales el reto que implica la mayor integración del sistema mexicano al internacional. Las investigaciones se agrupan en seis secciones temáticas: Política monetaria y cambiaria; Influencia de los flujos internacionales de capital; La política monetaria y sus relaciones con la inflación; Sector financiero, crisis y política económica; Sector bursátil y Marco Legal

BRIVA-LIFE–A multicenter retrospective study of the long-term use of brivaracetam in clinical practice

Objectives: Evaluate long-term effectiveness and tolerability of brivaracetam in clinical practice in patients with focal epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study. Patients aged =16 years were started on brivaracetam from November 2016 to June 2017 and followed over 1 year. Data were obtained from medical records at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation for evaluation of safety- and seizure-related outcomes. Results: A total of 575 patients were included in analyses; most had been treated with =4 lifetime antiepileptic drugs. Target dosage was achieved by 30.6% of patients on the first day. Analysis of primary variables at 12 months revealed that mean reduction in seizure frequency was 36.0%, 39.7% of patients were =50% responders and 17.5% were seizure-free. Seizure-freedom was achieved by 37.5% of patients aged =65 years. Incidence of adverse events (AEs) and psychiatric AEs (PAEs) was 39.8% and 14.3%, respectively, and discontinuation due to these was 8.9% and 3.7%, respectively. Somnolence, irritability, and dizziness were the most frequently reported AEs. At baseline, 228 (39.7%) patients were being treated with levetiracetam; most switched to brivaracetam (dose ratio 1:10-15). Among those who switched because of PAEs (n = 53), 9 (17%) reported PAEs on brivaracetam, and 3 (5.7%) discontinued because of PAEs. Tolerability was not highly affected among patients with learning disability or psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusions: In a large population of patients with predominantly drug-resistant epilepsy, brivaracetam was effective and well-tolerated; no unexpected AEs occurred over 1 year, and the incidence of PAEs was lower compared with levetiracetam

Establecimiento de un método eficiente de germinación in vitro y micropropagación del cirimo (Tilia mexicana Schlecht.) (Tiliaceae)

Para obtener un método efi ciente de germinación y la micropropagación deTilia mexicanaSchlecht. (cirimo), se establecieron cultivos in vitro con la siembra de semillas recién colectadas en época de fructificación, mismas que fueron sometidas a desinfección superficial y a diferentes métodos de escarificación previo al cultivo in vitro en el medio nutritivo de Murashige y Skoog (MS) con 30 g/L de sacarosa, 8 g/L de agar y 0.05 mg/L de benciladenina (BA). Después de 60 días del cultivo, el mayor porcentaje de germinación fue de un 74% en semillas tratadas con HCl 10% durante cinco minutos, lo que permitió un óptimo desarrollo y mayor número de plántulas. A los 90 días del cultivo, las plántulas alcanzaron 4.5 cm de altura, con hojas y raíces bien desarrolladas, mismas que fueron utilizadas para los protocolos de micropropagación. La multiplicación de brotes se obtuvo mediante la siembra de yemas axilares en medio MS con diferentes concentraciones de auxina/citocinina (ANA/BA). El mayor número de brotes (7.75 brotes/explante) se logró con la adición de ácido naftalenacético (ANA) (0.25 mg/L) en combinación con BA (1.0 mg/L) a los 60 días del cultivo. Los brotes regenerados fueron cultivados en medio MS con ácido indolbutírico (AIB), mostrando un 100% de enraizamientocon 5.0 mg/L, a los 45 días del cultivo. Las plántulas micropropagadas deT. mexicana, presentaron en promedio una altura de 4.51 cm, produciendo 3.3 raíces/plántula de 2.27 cm de longitud, las que fueron trasplantadas y aclimatadas en condiciones de cámara de crecimiento, para posteriormente ser cultivadas en invernadero. Después de 90 días de cultivo en invernadero, se observó un 70% de supervivencia

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

86 pags., 49 figs., 24 tabs.NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects No. ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R) and AYA2015-65041-P; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects No. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R), ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33) and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate

Galaxy Zoo: the interplay of quenching mechanisms in the group environment

Does the environment of a galaxy directly influence the quenching history of a galaxy? Here, we investigate the detailed morphological structures and star formation histories of a sample of SDSS group galaxies with both classifications from Galaxy Zoo 2 and near ultra-violet (NUV) detections in GALEX. We use the optical and NUV colours to infer the quenching time and rate describing a simple exponentially declining star formation history for each galaxy, along with a control sample of field galaxies. We find that the time since quenching and the rate of quenching do not correlate with the relative velocity of a satellite but are correlated with the group potential. This quenching occurs within an average quenching time-scale of ∼2.5 Gyr from star forming to complete quiescence, during an average infall time (from ∼10 R200 to 0.01 R200) of ∼2.6 Gyr. Our results suggest that the environment does play a direct role in galaxy quenching through quenching mechanisms that are correlated with the group potential, such as harassment, interactions or starvation. Environmental quenching mechanisms that are correlated with satellite velocity, such as ram-pressure stripping, are not the main cause of quenching in the group environment. We find that no single mechanism dominates over another, except in the most extreme environments or masses. Instead, an interplay of mergers, mass and morphological quenching and environment-driven quenching mechanisms dependent on the group potential drive galaxy evolution in groups

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research