Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity . Here we use 2,009\ua0population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112\ua0million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean\ua0BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in\ua0some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities\ua0in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories

Extension du modèle WEMAC : l'intégration du sucre

Le rapport intermédiaire détaille le travail réalisé dans le cadre de la convention Pluriagri 2005 concernant l'intégration du marché du sucre dans le modèle Wemac (Phase 1). Après un aperçu du marché du sucre et de la littérature existante sur le sujet, la modélisation du marché du sucre au Brésil et en Union européenne est présentée. Les deux dernières parties détaillent les données utilisées

Le rôle croissant des huiles tropicales sur les marchés internationaux : principaux acteurs et produits

In the last thirty years, the international market for vegetable oils has developed substantially especially in terms of production and international trade. Three tropical oils: coconut, palm kernel and mainly palm oil and three countries: Indonesia, Malaysia and to a lesser extent the Philippines and play a major role in the supply of lipids to the rest of the world. Palm oil prices are generally lower than other vegetable oils such as soybean, rapeseed and sunflower, but since the beginning of 2006, they have risen steeply, as prices for most of agricultural products traded in the world, before showing a huge drop by the middle of the 2008 crop year. As palm has the most important oil yield among oilseed crops, future development of tropical oils is a major issue for the world market over the next years. There will be a growing food demand coming from areas in deficit of oilseed products (China, South Asia, Africa, etc.); these countries experience rapid demographic growth and increase in per capita consumption of oils and fats due to income growth during the last decade. Tropical oils could also play a major role in non-food sectors like lipid chemistry and biodiesel, either to be directly used in this production or to substitute other vegetable oils previously used for human food more and more used for bioenergy

Les pays émergents, attractifs mais risqués.

National audiencePour ce début d´année 2011, l´étude exclusive que livre au Moci Thierry Apoteker, président du groupe de recherche TAC, est d´abord un appel à la prudence. Les plus fortes perspectives de croissance se trouvent dans les pays émergents. Mais les exportateurs français doivent intégrer dans leurs stratégies et dans leurs coûts des risques plus élevés... Et ne pas oublier les marchés les plus proches d´Europe centrale et orientale, d´Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient. Au total, 11 « incontournables » et « 14 cibles attractives » se dégagent pour les exportateurs

Faim des terres? Estimation du potentiel disponible, impact du changement climatique et concurrence entre les divers usages des terres.

UMR 1302 UMR INRA / AGROCAMPUS OUEST : Structures et Marchés Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires, Centre de recherche de Rennes, 35011 RENNES CEDEX, FRA (SMART AF 1 CB 028429)Contrary to widely held belief there is arable land that could be cultivated without risking further encroachment on our forests. Impetus for developing the potential has been provided by climate change. What is at stake is how to resolve tensions that will arise as competing demands are made on land resources. These will arrive from many directions not always related to satisfying demand for food and include non-food, environmental, recreational, forestry, and urban needs

Evolution des marchés mondiaux des oléo-protéagineux et impact de la demande européenne de biocarburants

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Le marché mondial de l'alimentation

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