Identification and functional response of interstitial Cajal-like cells from rat mesenteric artery

Cells with irregular shapes, numerous long thin filaments, and morphological similarities to the gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) have been observed in the wall of some blood vessels. These ICC-like cells (ICC-LCs) do not correspond to the other cell types present in the arterial wall: smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, or pericytes. However, no clear physiological role has as yet been determined for ICC-LCs in the vascular wall. The aim of this study has been to identify and characterize the functional response of ICC-LCs in rat mesenteric arteries. We have observed ICC-LCs and identified them morphologically and histologically in three different environments: isolated artery, freshly dispersed cells, and primary-cultured cells from the arterial wall. Like ICCs but unlike SMCs, ICC-LCs are positively stained by methylene blue. Cells morphologically resembling methylene-blue-positive cells are also positive for the ICC and ICC-LC markers α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Furthermore, the higher expression of vimentin in ICC-LCs compared with SMCs allows a clear discrimination between these two cell types. At the functional level, the differences observed in the variations of cytosolic free calcium concentration of freshly dispersed SMCs and ICC-LCs in response to a panel of vasoactive molecules show that ICC-LCs, unlike SMCs, do not respond to exogenous ATP and [Arginine]8-vasopressi

Exploring Sex Differences in Collegiate Sports Injuries in Divisions I, II, and III

The goal of this honors thesis was to explore sex differences in the occurrence of collegiate sports injuries in basketball, lacrosse and soccer across three NCAA Division levels. I compared the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) for Division I, the East Coast Conference (ECC) for Division II and the Skyline Conference for Division III. I analyzed sports injury data from six schools: Manhattan College and Quinnipiac University (Division I), Long Island University Post and New York Institute of Technology (Division II), and Farmingdale State College and SUNY Purchase (Division III). I predicted Division I to have a higher number of sports injuries in individual injury categories compared to Division II and Division III and that Division III would have the least number of sport injuries. I also predicted that there would be more sports injuries in males compared to females. I anticipated evidence of sex differences in relation to injury because males display more competitiveness, risk taking, and aggression compared to their female counterparts. There was a total of 928 sports injuries (Basketball: 218, Lacrosse: 439 and Soccer: 271) reported for all six schools (Division I: 530, Division II: 307 and Division III: 91). I organized the sports injuries into eight categories: all injuries, concussions, face to neck, trunk region, spine, arm to fingers, hip to knee and leg to toes. I used the NCAA Division level, sport, sex and total number of man hours for practice and play as factors to conduct several ANOVA tests. I discovered evidence of a statistically significant difference in sports injuries based on NCAA Division level (P-Value \u3c 0.05) but no evidence of a statistically significant difference for sport or sex (P-Value \u3e 0.05). However, I noticed a statistically significant difference in concussion injuries amongst women compared to their male counterparts. This data is important because the results can ultimately improve the overall health and well-being of collegiate athletes

La symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules Rhizophagus irregularis / Medicago truncatula : données génomiques, transcriptomiques et microtranscriptomiques

Près de 80% des espèces végétales vivent en symbiose au niveau de leurs racines avec des champignons du groupe des Gloméromycètes. Cette symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules (MA) assure aux végétaux hôtes un apport minéral et hydrique essentiel à leur vie. Nous nous sommes attachés à définir des outils pour analyser la variabilité des génotypes du champignon MA modèle Rhizophagus irregularis à travers l'étude de son génome mitochondrial. Dans un deuxième volet d'étude, nous avons caractérisé des éléments régulateurs de la symbiose chez la plante hôte modèle Medicago truncatula (Mt). L'étude du génome mitochondrial fongique a permis de caractériser in silico les gènes présents, permettant la description de la chaine respiratoire chez ce champignon. Nous confirmons la présence d'une voie alternative de production d'énergie et mettons en évidence la probable capacité de ce champignon à réaliser une respiration cellulaire en condition anoxique. Par comparaison de génomes mitochondriaux séquencés à partir de différentes souches de cette espèce, des éléments de variabilité intraspécifique ont été identifiés, aboutissant à la définition de marqueurs de typage moléculaires des souches. L'analyse du microtranscriptome de Mt en condition symbiotique a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet Génoscope MIRMED. L'analyse des microtranscriptomes obtenus durant les étapes présymbiotiques et symbiotiques de la mycorhization a permis d'identifier des microARN différentiellement exprimés. Des phénotypes non-mycorhiziens associés à la surexpression de deux d'entre eux ont été obtenus soulignant l'intérêt de ces nombreux éléments régulateurs dans l'établissement de la symbiose.The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) is an association between the roots of around 80% of plant species and fungi of the Glomeromycota group. This symbiosis ensures mineral and water intakes for the host plants. The main objectives of this thesis are the design of typing markers for the model AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and the characterization of regulatory elements of the symbiosis in the model host plant Medicago truncatula (Mt). The first objective was addressed by the study of fungal mitochondriome and allowed the in silico identification of genes involved in energy production and respiration in the fungus and propose an organizational model of the respiratory chain of Ri. We confirm the presence of an alternative pathway of energy production and highlight the likely ability of the fungus to perform cellular respiration in anoxic conditions. Sequencing of mitochondrial genomes of different strains of this species allowed us to analyze the intraspecific variability and develop markers for molecular typing of the studied strains. The second part was carried out in the Génoscope project MIRMED with a study of the Mt microtranscriptome subjected to various stresses. Analysis of microtranscriptomes obtained during presymbiotic and symbiotic steps of mycorrhization allowed to identify differentially expressed microRNAs. Non-mycorrhizal phenotypes associated with the overexpression of two of them were obtained emphasizing the importance of many of these regulatory elements in the establishment of symbiosis

Conseils pour former une bibliothèque peu nombreuse, mais choisie. ; Nouvelle édition, corrigée et augmentée. Suivie de l\u27Introduction Générale à l\u27Etude des Sciences et Belles-Lettres par M. de La Martinière.

« Document numérisé pour l\u27ENSSIB » - L\u27intérêt majeur de ce livre réside dans le public auquel il est destiné : les particuliers, non pas les professionnels. L\u27objectif est d\u27aider les personnes cultivées, ayant reçu une éducation (aristocrates, personnes aisées), à constituer une bibliothèque personnelle, un "Cabinet" tel que le formule Formey. Les deux ouvrages successivement contenus dans cette édition (celui de Formey, puis celui de Bruzen de La Matinière) proposent chacun un catalogue raisonné de livres qu\u27ils estiment essentiels. Ils sont organisés selon une typologie thématique et comportent des commentaires succincts concernant les ouvrages choisis. Ce document est particulièrement intéressant pour les historiens car il permet d\u27appréhender la constitution des collections des bibliothèques privées sous l\u27Ancien Régime, les goûts voire la censure en vigueur à l\u27époque

Commerce de lettres entre deux amis de sentimens differens, au sujet de la diete d'election, & des proclamations de Stanislas Leszczinsky, & de l'electeur de Saxe

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4099330*es

Identification of miRNAs linked to peanut nodule functional processes

microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Thousands of miRNAs have been identified in legumes, but studies about miRNAs linked to peanut nodule functionality are scarce. In this work we analyzed transcriptional changes in peanut nodules to identify miRNAs involved in functional processes of these organs. We found 32 miRNAs precursors differentially expressed in nodules compared with roots, and predicted the potential targets of their corresponding mature miRNAs. Among them, 20 belong to 14 conserved miRNAs families and 12 are Arachis hypogaea-specific miRNAs. Expression levels of 3 miRNAs (ahy-miR399, ahy-miR159 and ahy-miR3508) were confirmed experimentally by qPCR. We also demonstrated that the expression of these miRNAs was not affected by inoculation of a biocontrol bacterium or a fungal pathogen. The catalogue of differentially expressed miRNA precursors and the expression of the corresponding mature miRNA potential targets in the nodules of A. hypogaea obtained in this work is a database of strong candidates, including A. hypogaea-specific miRNAs, for the regulation of the nodule functionality. The analysis of their role in this process will certainly lead to the characterization of essential regulators in these particular aeschynomenoid nodules.Fil: Figueredo, María Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Formey, Damien. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez, Johan. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Delgado, Georgina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; Argentin

The Influence of Genotype and Environment on Small RNA Profiles in Grapevine Berry

Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between the genetic composition and the environment is crucial for modern viticulture. We approached this issue by focusing on the small RNA transcriptome in grapevine berries of the two varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese, growing in adjacent vineyards in three different environments. Four different developmental stages were studied and a total of 48 libraries of small RNAs were produced and sequenced. Using a proximity-based pipeline, we determined the general landscape of small RNAs accumulation in grapevine berries. We also investigated the presence of known and novel miRNAs and analyzed their accumulation profile. The results showed that the distribution of small RNA-producing loci is variable between the two cultivars, and that the level of variation depends on the vineyard. Differently, the profile of miRNA accumulation mainly depends on the developmental stage. The vineyard in Riccione maximizes the differences between the varieties, promoting the production of more than 1000 specific small RNA loci and modulating their expression depending on the cultivar and the maturation stage. In total, 89 known vvi-miRNAs and 33 novel vvi-miRNA candidates were identified in our samples, many of them showing the accumulation profile modulated by at least one of the factors studied. The in silico prediction of miRNA targets suggests their involvement in berry development and in secondary metabolites accumulation such as anthocyanins and polyphenols

Argonaute proteins: Why are they so important for the legume–rhizobia symbiosis?

Unlike most other land plants, legumes can fulfill their nitrogen needs through the establishment of symbioses with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria (rhizobia). Through this symbiosis, fixed nitrogen is incorporated into the food chain. Because of this ecological relevance, the genetic mechanisms underlying the establishment of the legume–rhizobia symbiosis (LRS) have been extensively studied over the past decades. During this time, different types of regulators of this symbiosis have been discovered and characterized. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the participation of different types of small RNAs, including microRNAs, in the different stages of this symbiosis. The involvement of small RNAs also indicates that Argonaute (AGO) proteins participate in the regulation of the LRS. However, despite this obvious role, the relevance of AGO proteins in the LRS has been overlooked and understudied. Here, we discuss and hypothesize the likely participation of AGO proteins in the regulation of the different steps that enable the establishment of the LRS. We also briefly review and discuss whether rhizobial symbiosis induces DNA damages in the legume host. Understanding the different levels of LRS regulation could lead to the development of improved nitrogen fixation efficiency to enhance sustainable agriculture, thereby reducing dependence on inorganic fertilizers.Fil: Valdés-López, Oswaldo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales Iztacala; MéxicoFil: Formey, Damien. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Isidra-Arellano, Mariel C.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales Iztacala; México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Reyero-Saavedra, Maria del Rocio. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales Iztacala; MéxicoFil: Fernandez Göbel, Tadeo Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios.; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez-Correa, Maria del Socorro. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales Iztacala; Méxic

Identification and functional response of interstitial Cajal-like cells from rat mesenteric artery

Cells with irregular shapes, numerous long thin filaments, and morphological similarities to the gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) have been observed in the wall of some blood vessels. These ICC-like cells (ICC-LCs) do not correspond to the other cell types present in the arterial wall: smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, or pericytes. However, no clear physiological role has as yet been determined for ICC-LCs in the vascular wall. The aim of this study has been to identify and characterize the functional response of ICC-LCs in rat mesenteric arteries. We have observed ICC-LCs and identified them morphologically and histologically in three different environments: isolated artery, freshly dispersed cells, and primary-cultured cells from the arterial wall. Like ICCs but unlike SMCs, ICC-LCs are positively stained by methylene blue. Cells morphologically resembling methylene-blue-positive cells are also positive for the ICC and ICC-LC markers alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Furthermore, the higher expression of vimentin in ICC-LCs compared with SMCs allows a clear discrimination between these two cell types. At the functional level, the differences observed in the variations of cytosolic free calcium concentration of freshly dispersed SMCs and ICC-LCs in response to a panel of vasoactive molecules show that ICC-LCs, unlike SMCs, do not respond to exogenous ATP and [Arginine](8)-vasopressin

The small RNA diversity from Medicago truncatula roots under biotic interactions evidences the environmental plasticity of the miRNAome

Background: Legume roots show a remarkable plasticity to adapt their architecture to biotic and abiotic constraints, including symbiotic interactions. However, global analysis of miRNA regulation in roots is limited, and a global view of the evolution of miRNA-mediated diversification in different ecotypes is lacking. Results: In the model legume Medicago truncatula, we analyze the small RNA transcriptome of roots submitted to symbiotic and pathogenic interactions. Genome mapping and a computational pipeline identify 416 miRNA candidates, including known and novel variants of 78 miRNA families present in miRBase. Stringent criteria of pre-miRNA prediction yield 52 new mtr-miRNAs, including 27 miRtrons. Analyzing miRNA precursor polymorphisms in 26 M. truncatula ecotypes identifies higher sequence polymorphism in conserved rather than Medicago-specific miRNA precursors. An average of 19 targets, mainly involved in environmental responses and signalling, is predicted per novel miRNA. We identify miRNAs responsive to bacterial and fungal pathogens or symbionts as well as their related Nod and Myc-LCO symbiotic signals. Network analyses reveal modules of new and conserved co-expressed miRNAs that regulate distinct sets of targets, highlighting potential miRNA-regulated biological pathways relevant to pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Conclusions: We identify 52 novel genuine miRNAs and large plasticity of the root miRNAome in response to the environment, and also in response to purified Myc/Nod signaling molecules. The new miRNAs identified and their sequence variation across M. truncatula ecotypes may be crucial to understand the adaptation of root growth to the soil environment, notably in the agriculturally important legume crops.Fil: Formey, Damien. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Sallet, Erika. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Lelandais Brière, Christine. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Ben, Cécile. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Bustos Sanmamed, Maria del Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; Argentina. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Niebel, Andreas. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Frugier, Florian. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Combier, Jean Philippe. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Debellé, Frédéric. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Hartmann, Caroline. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Poulain, Julie. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; FranciaFil: Gavory, Frédérick. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; FranciaFil: Wincker, Patrick. Commissariat A Energie Atomique; FranciaFil: Roux, Christophe. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Gentzbittel, Laurent. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Gouzy, Jérôme. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Crespi, Martin. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; Franci