Manifestações clínicas do Covid-19 na população pediátrica e neonatal / Clinical manifestations of Covid-19 in pediatric and neonatal population

INTRODUÇÃO: Surgido na China, o vírus Sars-Cov-2 - causador da COVID-19 - logo se espalhou para todos os continentes do mundo, caracterizando uma pandemia. Os dados envolvendo adultos e idosos estão bastante difundidos, entretanto, o envolvimento de crianças e adolescentes, no espectro de manifestações clínicas da COVID-19, ainda carece de discussões, questionamentos e comprovações. METODOLOGIA: Revisão narrativa da literatura sobre as manifestações clínicas do COVID-19 na população pediátrica e neonatal. Nas bases PubMed, ScienceDirect e UptoDate, utilizando os descritores: pediatrics, COVID-19 e neonatal.RESULTADOS: Ao analisar o perfil do paciente infectado pelo coronavírus, percebe-se que a maioria das crianças apresentam sintomas moderados, com  quadro clínico típico de febre e tosse. Laboratorialmente, o que predomina é a alteração na contagem de leucócitos e marcadores inflamatórios. Na avaliação radiológica, os achados são inespecíficos em relação aos dos adultos, sendo os infiltrados unilaterais/bilaterais os mais comuns, em seguida vem a opacidade em vidro fosco. DISCUSSÃO: Não foi possível encontrar uma evidência concreta igual a dos adultos. Geralmente as crianças se apresentam como assintomáticas e necessitam de um cuidado maior quando apresentam sintomas gastrointestinais.  CONCLUSÃO: Diversas são as teorias existentes para justificar as diferenças clínicas entre adultos e crianças. A transmissão intrauterina e perinatal é rara. Crianças assintomáticas são importantes transmissores para o resto da população. Tal grupo carece de mais estudos. 

ENSINO E EXTENSÃO NA PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINAR: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA EM PORTO SEGURO

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar atividades realizadas através de observação durante aula de campo feita por discentes da turma do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, em alguns espaços da cidade de Porto Seguro/BA. A referida atividade foi solicitada pela disciplina Pesquisa e Prática Pedagógica III, vinculando as disciplinas: História da Educação e Sociologia da Educação. Para tanto, foram empregadas práticas educativas como palestras e rodas de conversa. Os resultados evidenciaram que espaços com contexto histórico permitem aos discentes o aprendizado prático, baseado no exercício da observação e elaboração de relatórios, em que foi possível avaliar a eficiência do estudo de campo no que tange à visualização prática da teoria apresentada e estudada em sala de aula

Pupillary Membrane Persistence in a Feline

Background:Pupillary membrane persistence (PMP) is a congenital abnormality, which is not usually reported in felines. It is characterized by remnants of the fetal membrane that persist as filamentous tissue across the pupil. In general, this change does not cause any clinical symptoms. However, the filaments may either attach to the cornea and cause small opacities in it or attach to the lens and cause cataracts. In most cases, there is no visual impairment, so treatment is not prescribed. This report aims to describe a case of PMP in a domestic cat diagnosed at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Santa Cruz (HV-UESC). Case: A two-and-a-half-year-old mixed-breed castrated male cat was brought to the HV-UESC with dermatological complaints. Upon physical examination, the animal was alert with a body temperature, heart, and respiratory rate within the normal parameters for the feline species. The lymph nodes were non-reactive, and the coloration of the oral mucosa was normal. There was no ophthalmic complaint from the owner, nor any loss of visual acuity. In addition, the animal had moderate pruritus, redness, and alopecia in the region of the ears, head, neck, chest, and back. Bristle samples were collected for an optical microscope analysis and an infestation with lice (Felicola subrostratus) was confirmed. An endectocide containing selamectin (15 mg; single application every 30 days) was prescribed. During physical examination, filamentous tissue crossing from iris to iris through pupil was observed in both eyes. The eyelid, corneal, and pupillary reflexes were within normal ranges. An ophthalmic evaluation did not identify conjunctival hyperemia or episcleral vessel congestion, and the eyelid, corneal, and pupillary reflexes were determined to be within the normal range. A slit-lamp biomicroscopy did not detect any anterior chamber alteration besides the filamentous tissue previously mentioned. An examination of the fundus of the eye by direct ophthalmoscopy revealed that the crystalline lens, retina, optic nerve, and retinal vessels all looked normal with no other ophthalmic alteration. Thus, the diagnosis was PMP, and because of the absence of visual impairment or any other ophthalmic abnormality, no treatment was initiated. Discussion: Feline PMP is a rare condition. Since the present case, a few studies about this alterations in cats were found in the literature about. As in cats, this ophthalmopathy is uncommon in horses and cattle. The present report describes a case of PMP, a poorly described alteration in veterinary medicine, which was diagnosed by ophthalmic examination and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. As reported previously, PMP was an incidental finding during physical examination, since most animals with this alteration present little impairment of visual acuity. However, in some cases, membranous filaments may attach to the cornea and/or lens causing opacities and/or cataracts that may result in vision defects. This did not occur in the present case. In previous studies too, other ophthalmic alterations beyond PMP were not observed, thus corroborating the findings of our case. In the present case, as there were no other ophthalmic changes, it was not necessary to initiate any type of treatment. In conclusion, the lack of information regarding the epidemiology of PMP in cats warrants further studies of this alteration. Although infrequent in cats, this condition can easily be diagnosed in the routine examinations of this species

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved