99 research outputs found
Hierarchical characterization of complex networks
While the majority of approaches to the characterization of complex networks
has relied on measurements considering only the immediate neighborhood of each
network node, valuable information about the network topological properties can
be obtained by considering further neighborhoods. The current work discusses on
how the concepts of hierarchical node degree and hierarchical clustering
coefficient (introduced in cond-mat/0408076), complemented by new hierarchical
measurements, can be used in order to obtain a powerful set of topological
features of complex networks. The interpretation of such measurements is
discussed, including an analytical study of the hierarchical node degree for
random networks, and the potential of the suggested measurements for the
characterization of complex networks is illustrated with respect to simulations
of random, scale-free and regular network models as well as real data
(airports, proteins and word associations). The enhanced characterization of
the connectivity provided by the set of hierarchical measurements also allows
the use of agglomerative clustering methods in order to obtain taxonomies of
relationships between nodes in a network, a possibility which is also
illustrated in the current article.Comment: 19 pages, 23 figure
Novel Cytokinin Derivatives Do Not Show Negative Effects on Root Growth and Proliferation in Submicromolar Range
BACKGROUND: When applied to a nutrition solution or agar media, the non-substituted aromatic cytokinins caused thickening and shortening of the primary root, had an inhibitory effect on lateral root branching, and even showed some negative effects on development of the aerial part at as low as a 10 nanomolar concentration. Novel analogues of aromatic cytokinins ranking among topolins substituted on N9-atom of adenine by tetrahydropyranyl or 4-chlorobutyl group have been prepared and tested in standardized cytokinin bioassays [1]. Those showing comparable activities with N(6)-benzylaminopurine were further tested in planta. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The main aim of the study was to explain molecular mechanism of function of novel cytokinin derivatives on plant development. Precise quantification of cytokinin content and profiling of genes involved in cytokinin metabolism and perception in treated plants revealed several aspects of different action of m-methoxytopolin base and its substituted derivative on plant development. In contrast to standard cytokinins, N9- tetrahydropyranyl derivative of m-topolin and its methoxy-counterpart showed the negative effects on root development only at three orders of magnitude higher concentrations. Moreover, the methoxy-derivative demonstrates a positive effect on lateral root branching and leaf emerging in a nanomolar range of concentrations, in comparison with untreated plants. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Tetrahydropyranyl substitution at N9-position of cytokinin purine ring significantly enhances acropetal transport of a given cytokinins. Together with the methoxy-substitution, impedes accumulation of non-active cytokinin glucoside forms in roots, allows gradual release of the active base, and has a significant effect on the distribution and amount of endogenous isoprenoid cytokinins in different plant tissues. The utilization of novel aromatic cytokinin derivatives can distinctively improve expected hormonal effects in plant propagation techniques in the future
Data standardization of plant-pollinator interactions
Background: Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has promoted great advances in biological data sharing and aggregation, supporting large-scale studies and science-based public policies. However, these standards are currently not suitable to fully support interaction data sharing. Results: Here we present a vocabulary of terms and a data model for sharing plantâpollinator interactions data based on the Darwin Core standard. The vocabulary introduces 48 new terms targeting several aspects of plantâpollinator interactions and can be used to capture information from different approaches and scales. Additionally, we provide solutions for data serialization using RDF, XML, and DwC-Archives and recommendations of existing controlled vocabularies for some of the terms. Our contribution supports open access to standardized data on plantâpollinator interactions. Conclusions: The adoption of the vocabulary would facilitate data sharing to support studies ranging from the spatial and temporal distribution of interactions to the taxonomic, phenological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of plantâpollinator interactions. We expect to fill data and knowledge gaps, thus further enabling scientific research on the ecology and evolution of plantâpollinator communities, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and the development of public policies. The proposed data model is flexible and can be adapted for sharing other types of interactions data by developing discipline-specific vocabularies of terms.Fil: Salim, JosĂ© A. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Saraiva, Antonio M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Zermoglio, Paula Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones En Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural.; ArgentinaFil: Agostini, Kayna. Universidade Federal do SĂŁo Carlos; BrasilFil: Wolowski, Marina. Universidade Federal de Alfenas; BrasilFil: Drucker, Debora P.. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (embrapa);Fil: Soares, Filipi M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bergamo, Pedro J.. Jardim BotĂąnico do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Varassin, Isabela G.. Universidade Federal do ParanĂĄ; BrasilFil: Freitas, Leandro. Jardim BotĂąnico do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: MauĂ©s, MĂĄrcia M.. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (embrapa);Fil: Rech, Andre R.. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; BrasilFil: Veiga, Allan K.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Acosta, Andre L.. Instituto TecnolĂłgico Vale; BrasilFil: Araujo, AndrĂ©a C. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Nogueira, Anselmo. Universidad Federal do Abc; BrasilFil: Blochtein, Betina. Pontificia Universidade CatĂłlica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Freitas, Breno M.. Universidade Estadual do CearĂĄ; BrasilFil: Albertini, Bruno C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Maia Silva, Camila. Universidade Federal Rural Do Semi Arido; BrasilFil: Nunes, Carlos E. P.. University of Stirling; BrasilFil: Pires, Carmen S. S.. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (embrapa);Fil: Dos Santos, Charles F.. Pontificia Universidade CatĂłlica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Queiroz, Elisa P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cartolano, Etienne A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: de Oliveira, FavĂzia F. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Amorim, Felipe W.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: FontĂșrbel, Francisco E.. Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de ValparaĂso; ChileFil: da Silva, Gleycon V.. MinistĂ©rio da CiĂȘncia, Tecnologia, InovaçÔes. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazĂŽnia; BrasilFil: Consolaro, HĂ©lder. Universidade Federal de CatalĂŁo; Brasi
Data standardization of plantâpollinator interactions
Background: Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems
and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now
available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has promoted great advances in biological
data sharing and aggregation, supporting large-scale studies and science-based public policies. However, these standards are currently
not suitable to fully support interaction data sharing.
Results: Here we present a vocabulary of terms and a data model for sharing plantâpollinator interactions data based on the Darwin
Core standard. The vocabulary introduces 48 new terms targeting several aspects of plantâpollinator interactions and can be used to
capture information from different approaches and scales. Additionally, we provide solutions for data serialization using RDF, XML,
and DwC-Archives and recommendations of existing controlled vocabularies for some of the terms. Our contribution supports open
access to standardized data on plantâpollinator interactions.
Conclusions: The adoption of the vocabulary would facilitate data sharing to support studies ranging from the spatial and temporal
distribution of interactions to the taxonomic, phenological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of plantâpollinator interactions. We
expect to fill data and knowledge gaps, thus further enabling scientific research on the ecology and evolution of plantâpollinator
communities, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and the development of public policies. The proposed data model is
flexible and can be adapted for sharing other types of interactions data by developing discipline-specific vocabularies of termsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Data standardization of plant-pollinator interactions
Background Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has promoted great advances in biological data sharing and aggregation, supporting large-scale studies and science-based public policies. However, these standards are currently not suitable to fully support interaction data sharing. Results Here we present a vocabulary of terms and a data model for sharing plantâpollinator interactions data based on the Darwin Core standard. The vocabulary introduces 48 new terms targeting several aspects of plantâpollinator interactions and can be used to capture information from different approaches and scales. Additionally, we provide solutions for data serialization using RDF, XML, and DwC-Archives and recommendations of existing controlled vocabularies for some of the terms. Our contribution supports open access to standardized data on plantâpollinator interactions. Conclusions The adoption of the vocabulary would facilitate data sharing to support studies ranging from the spatial and temporal distribution of interactions to the taxonomic, phenological, functional, and phylogenetic aspects of plantâpollinator interactions. We expect to fill data and knowledge gaps, thus further enabling scientific research on the ecology and evolution of plantâpollinator communities, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and the development of public policies. The proposed data model is flexible and can be adapted for sharing other types of interactions data by developing discipline-specific vocabularies of terms
Ultrahigh energy neutrinos at the pierre auger observatory
The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHEs) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHEs can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going ) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming ), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect these types of cascades. The distinguishing signature for neutrino events is the presence of very inclined showers produced close to the ground (i.e., after having traversed a large amount of atmosphere). In this work we review the procedure and criteria established to search for UHEs in the data collected with the ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory.This includes Earth-skimming as well as downward-going neutrinos. No neutrino candidates have been found, which allows us to place competitive limits to the diffuse flux of UHEs in the EeV range and above
Observation of Electroweak Production of a Same-Sign W Boson Pair in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
This Letter presents the observation and measurement of electroweak production of a same-sign
W
boson pair in association with two jets using
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by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed in the detector fiducial phase-space region, defined by the presence of two same-sign leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with a large invariant mass and rapidity difference. A total of 122 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of
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events, corresponding to an observed signal significance of 6.5 standard deviations. The measured fiducial signal cross section is
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Electron reconstruction and identification efficiency measurements with the ATLAS detector using the 2011 LHC protonâproton collision data
Many of the interesting physics processes to be measured at the LHC have a signature involving one or more isolated electrons. The electron reconstruction and identification efficiencies of the ATLAS detector at the LHC have been evaluated using protonâproton collision data collected in 2011 at sâ=7 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb â1. Tag-and-probe methods using events with leptonic decays of W and Z bosons and J/Ï mesons are employed to benchmark these performance parameters. The combination of all measurements results in identification efficiencies determined with an accuracy at the few per mil level for electron transverse energy greater than 30 GeV
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