Formalizacion y propuesta de mejoramiento de procesos operativos de cartulinas CMPC Planta Maule

131 p.El presente proyecto de formalización y mejoramiento de procesos operativos, se realizó en la empresa de Cartulinas CMPC Planta Maule. Esta empresa, que produce y comercializa sus productos en más de 30 países de América, Europa y Asia; tiene una capacidad de producción actual de 285.000 toneladas al año. El objetivo general de este trabajo, es la formalización de los principales procesos de la planta, junto con la generación de propuestas de mejoramiento o rediseño a los procesos operativos que limitan los objetivos y la eficiencia. La justificación del proyecto radica en que actualmente los procesos operativos que involucran movimiento de unidades entre Sala de Conversión y Bodega de Productos, presentan elevados porcentajes de errores en su registro y validación, provocando incompatibilidad de información; distorsionando los informes de gestión, contabilidad, entre otros. Por otro lado, existen porcentajes elevados de incumplimiento de pedidos en producción y despachos, generando retrasos e incumplimiento en la entrega a sus clientes. La metodología empleada, se sustenta en la caracterización de los procesos, con la finalidad de identificar los procesos que limitan el desempeño, para luego analizar sus causantes a través de diagramas causa efecto, y con esto organizar reuniones en la empresa aplicando el método de expertos, para conseguir mejoramientos o rediseños enfocados a disminuir errores y aumentar la eficiencia según sea el caso. Los resultados obtenidos minimizan los porcentajes de errores en los procesos que involucran movimiento de unidades. Para lograr esto, se hicieron mejoramientos de corto plazo (ajuste del proceso) y se rediseñaron los procesos a largo plazo a través de la unificación de la responsabilidad de la bodega, y del reconocimiento de unidades a través de sus clases. También se generaron tres rediseños, necesarios para aumentar la eficiencia en almacenamiento y despacho de productos, disminuyendo el porcentaje deincumplimiento de pedidos. Como conclusión se puede decir que este proyecto es una aplicación práctica, en la cual todas las propuestas generadas fueron validadas y aprobadas por la empresa para su pronta implementación

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe

Matemática Básica - MA420 - 202101

1 Este es un curso general que corresponde a la línea de matemática para las carreras de ingeniería, es de carácter teórico-práctico; está dirigido a los estudiantes de primer ciclo; proporciona el soporte matemático al estudiante para las asignaturas siguientes propias de cada especialidad, por tal razón los conceptos de cada tema se definen de forma sencilla, relacionándolos con problemas afines a la ingeniería. En este curso el alumno va a desarrollar la competencia general de razonamiento cuantitativo, en el nivel 1, a través de las dimensiones de: interpretación, representación, cálculo, análisis y comunicación o argumentación en problemas sencillos de contexto real. Al finalizar el curso el alumno será capaz de trabajar con datos alfanuméricos, representados de diferentes formas (tablas, gráficos, etc.) y utilizarlos como argumentos para sustentar una idea o tomar decisiones en base a esta información

Epigenetic Signatures in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer

Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone-tail modifications, as well as noncoding RNAs, are gathering increasing interest as possible diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of cancer. In this regard, the possibility to detect DNA methylation changes in circulating free DNA or in other specimens, such as urines, fecal material, or sputum samples from patients suffering from various forms of cancer, has already led to the development of noninvasive diagnostic tools or has been suggested as a potential screening approach for several human cancers. Similarly, many epigenetic changes occurring in cancerous tissues are increasingly considered to be predictors of disease aggressiveness or valid biomarkers for the choice of the most proper treatment. This chapter provides some examples of epigenetic biomarkers that have the potential for use in clinical practice of the major human cancer

Surgical outcomes of gallbladder cancer: the OMEGA retrospective, multicentre, international cohort study

Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare but aggressive. The extent of surgical intervention for different GBC stages is non-uniform, ranging from cholecystectomy alone to extended resections including major hepatectomy, resection of adjacent organs and routine extrahepatic bile duct resection (EBDR). Robust evidence here is lacking, however, and survival benefit poorly defined. This study assesses factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and morbidity and mortality following GBC surgery in high income countries (HIC) and low and middle income countries (LMIC).Methods The multicentre, retrospective Operative Management of Gallbladder Cancer (OMEGA) cohort study included all patients who underwent GBC resection across 133 centres between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. Regression analyses assessed factors associated with OS, RFS and morbidity.Findings On multivariable analysis of all 3676 patients, wedge resection and segment IVb/V resection failed to improve RFS (HR 1.04 [0.84-1.29], p = 0.711 and HR 1.18 [0.95-1.46], p = 0.13 respectively) or OS (HR 0.96 [0.79-1.17], p = 0.67 and HR 1.48 [1.16-1.88], p = 0.49 respectively), while major hepatectomy was associated with worse RFS (HR 1.33 [1.02-1.74], p = 0.037) and OS (HR 1.26 [1.03-1.53], p = 0.022). Furthermore, EBDR (OR 2.86 [2.3-3.52], p < 0.0010), resection of additional organs (OR 2.22 [1.62-3.02], p < 0.0010) and major hepatectomy (OR 3.81 [2.55-5.73], p < 0.0010) were all associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Compared to LMIC, patients in HIC were associated with poorer RFS (HR 1.18 [1.02-1.37], p = 0.031) but not OS (HR 1.05 [0.91-1.22], p = 0.48). Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments were infrequently used.Interpretation In this large, multicentre analysis of GBC surgical outcomes, liver resection was not conclusively associated with improved survival, and extended resections were associated with greater morbidity and mortality without oncological benefit. Aggressive upfront resections do not benefit higher stage GBC, and international col-laborations are needed to develop evidence-based neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies to minimise surgical morbidity and prioritise prognostic benefit.Funding Cambridge Hepatopancreatobiliary Department Research Fund.Copyright & COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly