Les pièces perdues du "Nuevo Teatro" : Découvertes et récupération d’un avant-gardisme empêché

Durante los años sesenta y setenta, nace y trata de desarrollarse en España una nueva tendencia escénica: el Nuevo Teatro. Sin embargo, sus autores deben enfrentarse a la represión de la censura, a la exclusión del escenario comercial y al rechazo del público general. López Mozo, García Pintado, Ruibal, Martínez Mediero o Bellido vieron cómo muchas de sus creaciones más vanguardistas, experimentales y críticas quedaron sepultadas en las cajas de los depósitos gubernamentales o en los cajones de sus casas. Se trata aquí de exponer el trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo para rescatar estas obras inéditas y desconocida

Prévalence de la résistance aux antibiotiques dans la flore digestive de chiens en consultation à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse

La sélection de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques dans la flore digestive des animaux domestiques peut contribuer à l’émergence de résistances chez l’Homme notamment par l’intermédiaire des contacts entre les animaux de compagnie et leurs propriétaires. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer la prévalence de la résistance aux antibiotiques dans la flore digestive de chiens venant en consultation à l’Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse. Des prélèvements de matières fécales ont été réalisés par écouvillonnage et déposés sur milieu de culture. La sensibilité des colonies d’enterobactéries ainsi obtenues a été testée vis-à-vis de quatre antibiotiques : deux quinolones, acide nalidixique et ciprofloxacine, et deux bêta-lactamines, amoxicilline et céfotaxime. Les résultats obtenus ont montré des pourcentages élevés de résistance aux quatre antibiotiques mais n’ont pas mis en évidence d’effet du sexe, du poids, du régime alimentaire ou de l’âge

Transition metal nanoparticles on pyrrole-decorated sp2 carbon allotropes for selective hydrogen isotopic exchange

Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous systems possess more attractiveness in the chemical industry because of the easier separation from the reaction products, lower amount of wastes, larger recyclability and lower toxicity and corrosiveness. Preparation of supported metal nanoparticles often requires energy demanding techniques such as laser ablation, electrochemical reduction, and high temperature heat treatments. In this work we present a facile and sustainable method to functionalize multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exploit the novel surface reactivity to deposit Ruthenium nanoparticles. Serinol pyrrole (SP) was synthesized and, through a Domino reaction, grafted on carbon nanotubes’ surface. Mild reducing conditions were employed to decorate CNT-SP with Ruthenium nanoparticles. The latter adduct was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Ru/CNT-SP was then tested in the selective deuteration of quinoline. High selectivity and conversion, determined through H-NMR, were achieved compared to commercial Ru/C catalysts. The results obtained in this work led to the filing of two patent applications

Transition metal nanoparticles on pyrrole-decorated sp2 carbon allotropes for selective hydrogen isotopic exchange

Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous systems possess more attractiveness in the chemical industry because of the easier separation from the reaction products, lower amount of wastes, larger recyclability, and lower toxicity and corrosiveness. Objective of this research was to prepare more efficient and more selective heterogeneous catalysts, by anchoring transition metal cations and nanoparticles on nitrogen decorated sp2 carbon allotrope (CA), which were functionalized with pyrrole compounds. Triethylenetetramine pyrrole (TETAP) was selected as the pyrrole compound: it was synthesized and grafted onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes and high surface area graphite with efficient and viable methodology. The CA/TEPAP adduct was used as the support of transition metal nanoparticles. It is here reported the example of ruthenium supported catalyst, investigated by means of elemental and surface area analyses, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy. The catalyst was used for the Hydrogen Isotopic Exchange (HIE) of aromatic compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Outstanding selectivity was obtained

Tritium retention in W plasma-facing materials : Impact of the material structure and helium irradiation

This article has an erratum: DOI 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100729Plasma-facing materials for next generation fusion devices, like ITER and DEMO, will be submitted to intense fluxes of light elements, notably He and H isotopes (HI). Our study focuses on tritium (T) retention on a wide range of W samples: first, different types of W materials were investigated to distinguish the impact of the pristine original structure on the retention, from W-coated samples to ITER-grade pure W samples submitted to various annealing and manufacturing procedures, along with monocrystalline W for reference. Then, He and He-D irradiated W samples were studied to investigate the impact on He-damages such as nano-bubbles (exposures in LHD or PSI-2) on T retention. We exposed all the samples to tritium gas-loading using a gentle technique preventing any introduction of new damage in the material. Tritium desorption is measured by Liquid Scintillation counting (LSC) at ambient and high temperatures (800 degrees C). The remaining T inventory is then measured by sample full dissolution and LSC. Results on T inventory on He exposed samples highlighted that in all cases, tritium desorption as a gas (HT) increases significantly due to the formation of He damages. Up to 1.8 times more T can be trapped in the material through a competition of various mechanisms, but the major part of the inventory desorbs at room temperature, and so will most likely not take part to the long-term trapped inventory for safety and operational perspectives. Unfortunately, investigation of "as received" industrial W (used for the making of plasma-facing materials) highlighted a strong impact of the pre existing defects on T retention: up to 2.5 times more T is trapped in "as received W" compared to annealed and polish W, and desorbs only at 800 degrees C, meaning ideal W material studies may underestimate T inventory for tokamak relevant conditions.Peer reviewe

Enantiopure distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene combining two-photon absorptionbased upconversion and circularly polarized luminescence

Herein we describe a distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene exhibiting unprecedented combination of optical properties in graphene-related materials, namely upconversion based on two-photon absorption (TPA-UC) together with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The compound is a graphene molecule of ca. 2 nm length and 1 nm width with edge defects that promote the distortion of the otherwise planar lattice. The edge defects are an aromatic saddle-shaped ketone unit and a [5]carbohelicene moiety. This system is shown to combine two-photon absorption and circularly polarized luminescence and a remarkably long emission lifetime of 21.5 ns. The [5]helicene is responsible for the chiroptical activity while the push–pull geometry and the extended network of sp2 carbons are factors favoring the nonlinear absorption. Electronic structure theoretical calculations support the interpretation of the results.This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC-2015-STG-677023). We also thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (CTQ2015-70283-P, CTQ2014-53598-R, MAT2014-54231-C4-1P, FIS2016-77578-R) and the “Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UGR)”. A. G. C., C. S. S. and C. M. C. acknowledge funding from MINECO (Spain) for RyC-2013-12943, IJCI-2014-19291 and BES-2016-076371 contracts, respectively. I. R. M. thanks UGR (Spain) for a postdoctoral scholarship. I. M. and E. M. thank the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for financial support (IF/00759/2013 and post-doc grant SFRH/BPD/75782/2011). We thank the CSIRC-Alhambra for supercomputing facilities

Sulfoxide-Induced Homochiral Folding of o-OPEs by AgI Templating: Structure and Chiroptical Properties

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Resa, S.; et al. Sulfoxide-Induced Homochiral Folding of o-OPEs by AgI Templating: Structure and Chiroptical Properties. Chemistry a European Journal, 2018, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201704897 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."A new family of homochiral silver complexes based on carbophilic interactions with ortho-phenyleneethynylene (o-OPE) scaffolds containing up to two silver atoms is described. These compounds represent a unique class of complexes with chirality at the metal. Chiral induction is based on the inclusion of chiral sulfoxides which allow an efficient transfer of chirality to the helically folded o-OPE, leading to CPL and VCD active compounds. In the presence of AgI cation carbophilic interactions dominate, promoting helical structures with a defined helicity. This is one of the very scarce examples of the use of such interactions in the attractive field of abiotic foldamers. The switching event has been extensively studied using different chiroptical techniques including CD, CPL and VCD, also representing one of the few CPL switches described in literature.We thank MINECO (FEDER funded grant CTQ2014-53598-R). Computing Center CINECA, Bologna, Italy, Regione Lombardia for the LISA Grant No. “ChiPhyto: HPL13POZE1” and the “Centro de Supercomputación de la UGR” (UGRGRID) are acknowledged for access to computational facilities. Sandra Resa thanks the MECD for a FPU fellowship

L’allégorie de la dictature et de la liberté dans El último gallinero de Manuel Martínez Mediero (1968)

National audienceEn 1968, Manuel Mart\'inez Mediero, l’un des > auteurs du mouvement du Nouveau Théâtre Espagnol qui s’est développé à la fin du franquisme et au début de la Transition, écrit sa première fable de caractère ésopique, El último gallinero. À la lumière de la situation politique de la fin des années 1960 —période de crise pour la dictature—, cette pièce se présente comme une allégorie politique de l’absence de liberté. Le lieu symbolique du poulailler appara\ⁱt comme un microcosme de l’Espagne d’alors, dont les personnages zoomorphes incarnent le chef tyrannique, les forces de l’ordre, l’intellectuel censuré, le peuple conservateur, l’aristocratie monarchique, la jeunesse de gauche et la figure libertaire révolutionnaire. L’histoire de ces gallinacés privés de liberté reflète, symboliquement, celle des Espagnols pendant les années technocratiques du franquisme