27 research outputs found
Extensive microbial diversity within the chicken gut microbiome revealed by metagenomics and culture
Background
The chicken is the most abundant food animal in the world. However, despite its importance, the chicken gut microbiome remains largely undefined. Here, we exploit culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches to reveal extensive taxonomic diversity within this complex microbial community.
Results
We performed metagenomic sequencing of fifty chicken faecal samples from two breeds and analysed these, alongside all (n = 582) relevant publicly available chicken metagenomes, to cluster over 20 million non-redundant genes and to construct over 5,500 metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes. In addition, we recovered nearly 600 bacteriophage genomes. This represents the most comprehensive view of taxonomic diversity within the chicken gut microbiome to date, encompassing hundreds of novel candidate bacterial genera and species. To provide a stable, clear and memorable nomenclature for novel species, we devised a scalable combinatorial system for the creation of hundreds of well-formed Latin binomials. We cultured and genome-sequenced bacterial isolates from chicken faeces, documenting over forty novel species, together with three species from the genus Escherichia, including the newly named species Escherichia whittamii.
Conclusions
Our metagenomic and culture-based analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the chicken gut microbiome. The resulting datasets expand the known diversity of the chicken gut microbiome and provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the chicken gut microbiome
The yields of r-process elements and chemical evolution of the Galaxy
The supernova yields of r-process elements are obtained as a function of the
mass of their progenitor stars from the abundance patterns of extremely
metal-poor stars on the left-side [Ba/Mg]-[Mg/H] boundary with a procedure
proposed by Tsujimoto and Shigeyama. The ejected masses of r-process elements
associated with stars of progenitor mass are infertile
sources and the SNe II with 20are the
dominant source of r-process nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. The ratio of these
stars 20 with compared to the all massive
stars is about 18%. In this paper, we present a simple model that
describes a star's [r/Fe] in terms of the nucleosynthesis yields of r-process
elements and the number of SN II explosions. Combined the r-process yields
obtained by our procedure with the scatter model of the Galactic halo, the
observed abundance patterns of the metal-poor stars can be well reproducedComment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and
Space Scienc
The Role of Radioactivities in Astrophysics
I present both a history of radioactivity in astrophysics and an introduction
to the major applications of radioactive abundances to astronomy
Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020
We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe
Unravelling Signalling Processes in the Potato R Gene Resistance Response to Phytophthora infestans
vokKJB. Yksikön huom.: KJ
A Study of Formal Model of Interactive Behaviour in the Whole System for Implicit Action and Context
The role of recognition in the desistance process:A case analysis of a former far-right activist
This article explores the intersubjective dynamics that foster desistance from crime. It explains that the concepts of ‘identification’ and ‘recognition’—as defined by Jessica Benjamin—illuminate how psychic change can come about despite social continuity within offenders’ lives. The value of Benjamin’s approach is illustrated through the analysis of the case of a former far-right activist. The article shows that in order to desist from crimes that involve a symbolic ‘othering’ (e.g. hate crimes) offenders have to reclaim the psychic parts of themselves that are projected onto victims. The article concludes that when those deemed ‘other’ are able to withstand and survive hostile projections the possibilities for psychic change among desisting offenders are enhanced