Acute physiological responses to high-intensity resistance circuit training vs. traditional strength training in soccer players

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses induced by high-intensity resistance circuit-based (HRC) and traditional strength (TS) training protocols. Ten amateur soccer players reported to the laboratory on four occasions: (1) protocol familiarization and load determination; (2) maximal oxygen consumption test; (3) and (4) resistance training protocols (HRC and TS), completed in a cross-over randomized order. In both protocols, the same structure was used (two blocks of 3 sets × 3 exercises, separated by a 5-min rest), with only the time between consecutive exercises differing: TS (3 min) and HRC (~35 s, allowing 3 min of local recovery). To test for between-protocol differences, paired t-tests were applied. Results showed that oxygen consumption and heart rate during HRC were 75% and 39% higher than TS, respectively (p \u3c 0.001). After the training sessions, blood lactate concentration at 1.5, 5 and 7 min and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption were higher in HRC. The respiratory exchange ratio was 6.7% greater during HRC, with no between-group differences found post-exercise. The energy cost of HRC was ~66% higher than TS. In conclusion, HRC training induces greater cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses in soccer players and thus may be a time-effective training strategy

Analytical validation of an automated assay for the measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and a pilot evaluation of their changes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Objectives The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The validation, in addition to the evaluation of precision and accuracy, included the analysis of the effects of the main procedures that are currently being used for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in saliva and a pilot study to evaluate the possible changes in salivary tADA and isoenzymes in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Results The automated assay proved to be accurate and precise, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 8.2%, linearity under dilution linear regression with R2 close to 1, and recovery percentage between 80 and 120% in all cases. This assay was affected when the sample is treated with heat or SDS for virus inactivation but tolerated Triton X-100 and NP-40. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=71) and who recovered from infection (n=11) had higher mean values of activity of tADA and its isoenzymes than healthy individuals (n=35). Conclusions tADA and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 can be measured accurately and precisely in saliva samples in a rapid, economical, and reproducible way and can be analyzed after chemical inactivation with Triton X-100 and NP-40. Besides, the changes observed in tADA and isoenzymes in individuals with COVID-19 open the possibility of their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers in this disease

Cortes selectos de la canal de corderos cruzados katahdín × pelibuey alimentados con Medicago sativa L.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) forage (AF) in diet and sex on yield of select cuts of crossed (F1) Katahdin × Pelibuey lambs (Kt × Pb). Design/methodology/approach: Thirty-four male and twenty-one female lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: two diets (with and without AF) and two sexes (male and female). Results: No significant effect of diet on select cuts of carcass was detected (P > 0.05). Male lambs had a greatest live weight (LW) at slaughter, hot carcass weight and yield of selects cuts, though the female lambs had a higher weight of Rack (P ? 0.01; P ? 0.05). The effect of the diet was independent of the type of sex of the lambs in all the variables evaluated (P > 0.05). Limitations on study/implications: In Mexico there are more farms and companies that are interested in the market of lamb cuts, because they have a great potential for developing. However, it is necessary to establish its characteristics and differentiate the quality standers that market demands. Findings/conclusions: Lambs fed with alfalfa forage have a yield of selected cuts of carcass similar to those that received concentrated feed, so it is possible to obtain meat cuts of excellent characteristics, using diets with good quality forage, like alfalfa.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del forraje de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (FA) en la dieta y el sexo sobre el rendimiento de cortes selectos de corderos cruzados (F1) Katahdín × Pelibuey (Kt × Pb). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Treinta y cuatro corderos machos y veintiuna hembras fueron distribuidos mediante un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial 2 × 2: dos dietas (con y sin FA) y dos sexos (Machos y Hembras). Resultados: No se encontró un efecto significativo de la dieta sobre los cortes selectos de la canal de corderos (P > 0.05). Los corderos machos tuvieron un mayor peso vivo (PV), peso de la canal caliente (CC) y un rendimiento superior en la mayoría de los cortes selectos, a excepción del corte Rack (Costillar), en el cual las hembras registraron un mayor peso (P ? 0.01; P ? 0.05). El efecto de la dieta se mostró independiente del tipo de sexo de los corderos en todas las variables evaluadas (P > 0.05). Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: En México son cada vez más la explotaciones y empresas que se interesan en el mercado de cortes de cordero, debido a tienen un gran potencial para desarrollarse. Sin embargo, es necesario establecer sus características y diferenciar sus estándares de calidad que el mercado demanda. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Los corderos alimentados con dietas a base de forraje de Alfalfa tienen un rendimiento de cortes selectos de la canal similar a los que recibieron alimento concentrado, por lo que es posible obtener cortes finos de excelentes características, utilizando dietas con forrajes de buena calidad, como la alfalfa

Características físicas de la carne de corderos Katahdín con Pelibuey alimentados a base de forraje y concentrado

Objective: To evaluate the effect of forage and concentrate in diet on physical characteristics of meat of crossed (F1) Katahdin with Pelibuey lambs. Design/methodology/approach: Thirty-six entire male lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design to four treatments: 1) 100% Concentrated food (CF) with 15 % of CP; 2) 70% CF + 30% of Maralfalfa forage (Pennisetum sp); 3) 70% CF + 30% of Mombaza forage (M. maximum); 4) 70% CF + 30% CT-115 forage (P. Purpureum). Results: No effect of diet on carcass traits and physical properties of meat was found (P> 0.05). The average value of pH and temperature ± SD were 5.58 ± 0.12 and 6.38 ± 0.56 o C, respectively. The little loss of water in meat (0.1%), indicates that it retains its physical-chemical characteristics for storage. Limitations on study/implications: Consumer demands of lamb meat are more focused on quality traits than quantity details, so, in order to comply with demands demanded by market, it is necessary to carry out meat quality evaluations, compare between breeds and feeding systems to determine which genotype produces the best meat. Findings/conclusions: Lambs fed diets that include forage have similar physical characteristics of meat to those that received only concentrate food, which indicates that it is possible to produce lamb meat with excellent properties, using diets with good quality forage.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del forraje y concentrado en la dieta sobre las características físicas de la carne de corderos cruzados (F1) Katahdín × Pelibuey (KtPb). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Treinta y seis corderos machos enteros fueron distribuidos mediante un diseño completamente al azar a cuatro tratamientos:1) 100% Alimento concentrado (AC) con 15 % de PC: 2) 70% AC + 30% de pasto Maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp); 3) 70% AC + 30% pasto Mombaza (M. maximum ); 4) 70% AC + 30%   CT-115 (P. Purpureum). Resultados: No se encontró un efecto de la dieta sobre las características de la canal y propiedades físicas de la carne (P>0.05). Los valores promedio para el pH y temperatura ± DE encontrados fueron de 5.58 ± 0.12 y 6.38 ± 0.56 o C, respectivamente. La poca pérdida de agua en la carne (0.1%), indica que esta conservo sus propiedades físico-químicas adecuadas para su almacenamiento Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Las demandas de los consumidores de cortes de cordero se centran más en los rasgos de calidad que en los detalles de cantidad. Para poder cumplir con los estándares que exige el mercado, es necesario realizar evaluaciones de calidad de la carne, comparar entre razas y sistemas de alimentación para conocer cual fenotipo produce la mejor carne. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Los corderos alimentados con dietas que incluyen forraje tienen características físicas de la carne similar a los que recibieron solo concentrado, lo que indica que es posible producir carne de corderos con excelentes propiedades, utilizando dietas con forrajes de buena calidad

Z Boson Pair-Production at LEP

Events stemming from the pair-production of Z bosons in e^+e^- collisions are studied using 217.4 pb^-1 of data collected with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies from 200 GeV up to 209 GeV. The special case of events with b quarks is also investigated. Combining these events with those collected at lower centre-of-mass energies, the Standard Model predictions for the production mechanism are verified. In addition, limits are set on anomalous couplings of neutral gauge bosons and on effects of extra space dimensions

Measurement of W Polarisation at LEP

The three different helicity states of W bosons produced in the reaction e+ e- -> W+ W- -> l nu q q~ at LEP are studied using leptonic and hadronic W decays. Data at centre-of-mass energies \sqrt s = 183-209 GeV are used to measure the polarisation of W bosons, and its dependence on the W boson production angle. The fraction of longitudinally polarised W bosons is measured to be 0.218 \pm 0.027 \pm 0.016 where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation

Study of Spin and Decay-Plane Correlations of W Bosons in the e+e- -> W+W- Process at LEP

Data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies \sqrt(s) = 189 - 209 GeV are used to study correlations of the spin of W bosons using e+e- -> W+W- -> lnqq~ events. Spin correlations are favoured by data, and found to agree with the Standard Model predictions. In addition, correlations between the W-boson decay planes are studied in e+e- -> W+W- -> lnqq~ and e+e- -> W+W- -> qq~qq~ events. Decay-plane correlations, consistent with zero and with the Standard Model predictions, are measured

Neutral-Current Four-Fermion Production in e+e- Interactions at LEP

Neutral-current four-fermion production, e+e- -> ffff is studied in 0.7/fb of data collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies root(s)=183-209GeV. Four final states are considered: qqvv, qqll, llll and llvv, where l denotes either an electron or a muon. Their cross sections are measured and found to agree with the Standard Model predictions. In addition, the e+e- -> Zgamma* -> ffff process is studied and its total cross section at the average centre-of-mass energy 196.6GeV is found to be 0.29 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.03 pb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 0.22 pb. Finally, the mass spectra of the qqll final states are analysed to search for the possible production of a new neutral heavy particle, for which no evidence is found

Measurement of Exclusive rho+rho- Production in Mid-Virtuality Two-Photon Interactions and Study of the gamma gamma* -> rho rho Process at LEP

Exclusive rho+rho- production in two-photon collisions between a quasi-real photon, gamma, and a mid-virtuality photon, gamma*, is studied with data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies root(s)=183-209GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 684.8pb^-1. The cross section of the gamma gamma* -> rho+ rho- process is determined as a function of the photon virtuality, Q^2, and the two-photon centre-of-mass energy, W_gg, in the kinematic region: 0.2GeV^2 < Q^2 <0.85GeV^2 and 1.1GeV < W_gg < 3GeV. These results, together with previous L3 measurements of rho0 rho0 and rho+ rho- production, allow a study of the gamma gamma* -> rho rho process over the Q^2-region 0.2GeV^2 < Q^2 < 30 GeV^2

Search for Anomalous Couplings in the Higgs Sector at LEP

Anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson are searched for through the processes e^+ e^- -> H gamma, e^+ e^- -> e^+ e^- H and e^+ e^- -> HZ. The mass range 70 GeV < m_H < 190 GeV is explored using 602 pb^-1 of integrated luminosity collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies sqrt(s)=189-209 GeV. The Higgs decay channels H -> ffbar, H -> gamma gamma, H -> Z\gamma and H -> WW^(*) are considered and no evidence is found for anomalous Higgs production or decay. Limits on the anomalous couplings d, db, Delta(g1z), Delta(kappa_gamma) and xi^2 are derived as well as limits on the H -> gamma gamma and H -> Z gamma decay rates