381 research outputs found
Apprentissage et productivité lors de la saisie de données chez des adultes présentant une déficience intellectuelle
En raison de la stigmatisation associĂ©e Ă leur handicap et aux limitations inhĂ©rentes Ă leur diagnostic, la plupart des adultes prĂ©sentant une dĂ©ficience intellectuelle (DI) nâont pas accĂšs Ă un emploi compĂ©titif. Notamment, les personnes prĂ©sentant une DI Ă©prouvent souvent des difficultĂ©s au niveau de lâapprentissage des tĂąches ainsi quâau niveau de la productivitĂ©, ce qui est un frein Ă leur participation sociale. Face Ă ces difficultĂ©s soulevĂ©es par la littĂ©rature, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© plusieurs interventions pour examiner leurs effets sur lâapprentissage et la productivitĂ©. Dans un premier temps, nous avons dĂ©terminĂ© les composantes essentielles de lâenseignement avec vidĂ©o auprĂšs de deux participants prĂ©sentant une DI pour lâapprentissage dâune tĂąche de saisie de donnĂ©es sur un ordinateur. Pour les deux participants, le modelage par vidĂ©o (MV) et lâauto-instruction (AI) utilisĂ©s seuls nâont pas permis lâapprentissage de la saisie de donnĂ©es. Il a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaire, dans les deux cas, dâajouter une procĂ©dure dâincitation pour quâils apprennent lâhabiletĂ©. Ces rĂ©sultats indiquent que lâajout dâune procĂ©dure dâincitation au MV et Ă lâAI sâavĂšre nĂ©cessaire pour certaines personnes. Dans un second temps, nous avons Ă©valuĂ© lâeffet du renforcement diffĂ©rentiel Ă dĂ©bit Ă©levĂ© (RDR) sur la productivitĂ© de quatre participants prĂ©sentant une DI lĂ©gĂšre ou moyenne. Pour lâensemble des participants, le RDR aura permis dâaugmenter le dĂ©bit. Toutefois, lâensemble des participants nâa pas rĂ©ussi Ă atteindre un niveau de productivitĂ© comparable Ă la norme sociale pour cette tĂąche. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que lâutilisation du RDR pour augmenter la productivitĂ© est une avenue intĂ©ressante, mais il sera nĂ©cessaire de la jumeler avec une autre intervention pour maximiser la productivitĂ©. En gĂ©nĂ©ral, les rĂ©sultats de la recherche montrent que les personnes prĂ©sentant une DI peuvent saisir des donnĂ©es sur un ordinateur et aussi amĂ©liorer leur vitesse de saisie lorsquâelles ont un soutien adĂ©quat.Due to stigmatisation and limitations associated with their diagnosis, most adults with intellectual disability (ID) do not have access to competitive employment. Notably, individuals with ID often experience difficulties in learning new tasks as well as with achieving high productivity, which create barriers to their social participation. Considering these difficulties discussed in the research literature, we assessed the effects of different interventions on learning and productivity. First, we identified the essential components of video instruction for two participants with ID while teaching them to enter data on a computer. For both participants, video modeling (VM) and self-instruction (SI) alone did not result in learning data entry. In both cases, it was necessary to add a prompting procedure in order for them to master the skill. The results indicate that the addition of a prompting procedure to VM and SI is necessary for some individuals. Second, we assessed the effects of differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior (DRH) on the productivity of four participants with mild or moderate ID. For all participants, DRH increased productivity. However, none of the participants achieved a level of productivity comparable to the standard norm for this task. The results indicate that using DRH to increase productivity is an interesting solution, but that it may be necessary to add another intervention to maximize productivity. In general, the results show that individuals with ID can learn data entry and increase their pace of data entry when provided with adequate support
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Elucidating white-etching matter through high-strain rate tensile testing
A form of damage in bearing steels subjected to rolling contact fatigue is the formation of localised regions of white material just below the contact surface. These âwhite-etching regionsâ are strikingly visible signs of damage during metallographic examination. One mechanism proposed to explain their formation is adiabatic shear localisation. Experiments are reported here using high-strain rate (250 s) tensile testing to show that this is not the case.CONACyTThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2016.119598
Expression, purification et caractérisation structurale et thermodynamique des complexes formés de la reconnaissance moléculaire des domaines B-HLH-LZ des protéines humaines C-MYC et MAX
L'onco-protĂ©ine c-Myc est un facteur de transcription de type b-HLH-LZ"basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-Leucine Zipper" qui fait partie du rĂ©seau de facteur de transcription Myc/Max/Mad. Sous la forme d'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂšre avec Max (son partenaire obligatoire), c-Myc peut activer et rĂ©primer la transcription. c-Myc est surexprimĂ© dans les cellules cancĂ©reuses et active la transcription de gĂšnes essentiels Ă la croissance et la prolifĂ©ration cellulaire et rĂ©prime les gĂšnes menant Ă la diffĂ©rentiation et l'arrĂȘt du cycle cellulaire. Le b-HLH-LZ de c-Myc fut dĂ©montrĂ© comme critique Ă la fois pour la transactivation en complexe avec l'ADN, de mĂȘme que pour la transrĂ©pression suite Ă la formation d'un complexe avec la protĂ©ine Miz-l. On dĂ©nombre actuellement plus de 1500 gĂšnes dont la transcription est rĂ©gulĂ©e par c-Myc. La caractĂ©risation de la dynamique de reconnaissance molĂ©culaire des b-HLH-LZs de c-Myc et Max (Ă©tape initiale des fonctions cellulaires de c-Myc) est donc primordiale Ă la comprĂ©hension des mĂ©canismes permettant l'Ă©dification et la suppression des complexes supĂ©rieurs d'activation et de rĂ©pression de la transcription par c-Myc. Dans le cadre de cette Ă©tude, nous avons clonĂ©, surexprimĂ© et purifiĂ© le domaine b-HLH-LZ de la protĂ©ine c-Myc humaine, uniformĂ©ment marquĂ© [indice supĂ©rieur 13]C et [indice supĂ©rieur 15]N, et avons formĂ© son complexe hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂ©rique/hĂ©tĂ©roisotopique avec le b-HLH-LZ de Max produit en abondance naturelle. Nous avons confirmĂ© l'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂ©risation spĂ©cifique par dichroĂŻsme circulaire (CD) et rĂ©sonance magnĂ©tique nuclĂ©aire (RMN), et nos rĂ©sultats montrent que le complexe c-Myc/Max est repliĂ© convenablement en absence d'ADN et lie de façon dimĂ©rique les cibles E-box. Nous montrons aussi que l'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂ©risation est optimale Ă pH 4.8 et inexistante Ă pH acide 2.8. Tel que discutĂ© dans l'article joint, ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que des rĂ©sidus glutamates sur c-Myc et une histidine sur Max sont impliquĂ©s dans l'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂ©risation spĂ©cifique. Pour rĂ©aliser une analyse thermodynamique adĂ©quate du systĂšme dissociatif de c-Myc et Max, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une nouvelle approche computationnelle qui permet d'estimer les populations simultanĂ©es d'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂšre et d'homodimĂšre Ă partir de dĂ©naturations thermiques suivies par CD. Tel qu'anticipĂ©, nous montrons avec cette approche qu'une population d'homodimĂšre Max/Max compĂ©titionne avec l'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂšre en solution. Pris dans leur ensemble, nos rĂ©sultats reprĂ©sentent la caractĂ©risation la plus complĂšte Ă ce jour de l'hĂ©tĂ©rodimĂ©risation spĂ©cifique entre c-Myc et Max et mettent en relief la possibilitĂ© de l'existence d'une population non nĂ©gligeable d'homodimĂšre Max/Max in vivo
Moral Responsibility, Technology, and Experiences of the Tragic: From Kierkegaard to Offshore Engineering
The standard response to engineering disasters like the Deepwater Horizon case is to ascribe full moral responsibility to individuals and to collectives treated as individuals. However, this approach is inappropriate since concrete action and experience in engineering contexts seldom meets the criteria of our traditional moral theories. Technological action is often distributed rather than individual or collective, we lack full control of the technology and its consequences, and we lack knowledge and are uncertain about these consequences. In this paper, I analyse these problems by employing Kierkegaardian notions of tragedy and moral responsibility in order to account for experiences of the tragic in technological action. I argue that ascription of responsibility in engineering contexts should be sensitive to personal experiences of lack of control, uncertainty, role conflicts, social dependence, and tragic choice. I conclude that this does not justify evading individual and corporate responsibility, but inspires practices of responsibility ascription that are less âharshâ on those directly involved in technological action, that listen to their personal experiences, and that encourage them to gain more knowledge about what they are doing
Effectiveness of a Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programme in an Urban Hospital in Angola
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy is effective in reducing rates of mother-to child transmission of HIV to low levels in resource-limited contexts but the applicability and efficacy of these programs in the field are scarcely known. In order to explore such issues, we performed a descriptive study on retrospective data from hospital records of HIV-infected pregnant women who accessed in 2007-2010 the Luanda Municipal Hospital service for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). The main outcome measure was infant survival and HIV transmission. Our aim was to evaluate PMTCT programme in a local hospital setting in Africa. RESULTS: Data for 104 pregnancies and 107 infants were analysed. Sixty-eight women (65.4%) had a first visit before or during pregnancy and received combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) in pregnancy. The remaining 36 women (34.6%) presented after delivery and received no ART during pregnancy. Across a median cohort follow-up time of 73 weeks, mortality among women with and without ART in pregnancy was 4.4% and 16.7%, respectively (death hazard ratio: 0.30, 95% CI 0.07-1.20, p = 0.089). The estimated rates of HIV transmission or death in the infants over a median follow up time of 74 weeks were 8.5% with maternal ART during pregnancy and 38.9% without maternal ART during pregnancy. Following adjustment for use of oral zidovudine in the newborn and exposure to maternal milk, no ART in pregnancy remained associated with a 5-fold higher infant risk of HIV transmission or death (adjusted odds ratio: 5.13, 95% CI: 1.31-20.15, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Among the women and infants adhering to the PMTCT programme, HIV transmission and mortality were low. However, many women presented too late for PMTCT, and about 20% of infants did not complete follow up. This suggests the need of targeted interventions that maintain the access of mothers and infants to prevention and care services for HIV
Quantum Fields and Extended Objects in Space-Times with Constant Curvature Spatial Section
The heat-kernel expansion and -regularization techniques for quantum
field theory and extended objects on curved space-times are reviewed. In
particular, ultrastatic space-times with spatial section consisting in manifold
with constant curvature are discussed in detail. Several mathematical results,
relevant to physical applications are presented, including exact solutions of
the heat-kernel equation, a simple exposition of hyperbolic geometry and an
elementary derivation of the Selberg trace formula. With regards to the
physical applications, the vacuum energy for scalar fields, the one-loop
renormalization of a self-interacting scalar field theory on a hyperbolic
space-time, with a discussion on the topological symmetry breaking, the finite
temperature effects and the Bose-Einstein condensation, are considered. Some
attempts to generalize the results to extended objects are also presented,
including some remarks on path integral quantization, asymptotic properties of
extended objects and a novel representation for the one-loop (super)string free
energy.Comment: Latex file, 122 page
Machine-learning for the prediction of one-year seizure recurrence based on routine electroencephalography
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