Investigation of Biochemical Response in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Remazol Brillant Blue R Textile Dye

The dyes used in textile industry production are toxic substances and most of them have polymer structures. These dyes pollute the aquatic environment via various stages such as printing and dyeing, and may cause molecular, cellular, biochemical and physiological disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of a highly toxic azo dye, Remazol Brillant Blue (RBBR) on the biochemical responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fishes were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l of RBBR for 24 and 48 h. The glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P-450 (CYP1A1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities of these groups were measured. Present dye altered the activities of all these enzymes in the selected tissue of the experimental fish in a dose-dependent manner. According to the results of this study, after dye exposure, the altera- tion of selected enzymes indicated deterioration in antioxidant defense system, aerobic respiration processes and biotransformation mechanism induced by the tested dye. It was also shown that GST, CYP1A1 and LDH enzymes may be useful as biomarkers in determining the toxic effects in O. mykiss exposed to the RBBR textile dye

Sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation combined with narrow-strip conjunctival autograft for pterygium.

PubMedID: 22146880To study the efficacy and safety of sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation combined with narrow-strip conjunctival autograft and to investigate the clinical outcomes. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with primary pterygia were treated in this institutional study with excision followed by sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation combined with narrow-strip conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue tissue adhesive. The main outcome measures were the operating time for ocular surface reconstruction, the size of the pterygium and of the conjunctival autograft, postoperative complications, subjective complaints, and recurrences. The mean pterygium size was 3.12 ± 0.92 mm and the mean operating time was 4.58 ± 1.10 min. Twenty-nine patients (96.7%) had no complaints after first postoperative week. Twenty-eight (93.3%) patients had no recurrences after 1 year follow-up. The sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation combined with narrow-strip conjunctival autograft is an effective procedure with low rate of recurrence. This technique can be considered as a preferred grafting procedure for primary pterygium but further randomized controlled studies including larger populations are needed

Interleukin-6 rsl800795 polymorphism is not considered as a genetic biomarker in Turkish national skiing running athlete cohort

2-s2.0-85088921078Athletic performance is considered to be determined by the effect of genetic endowment and environmental factors like nutrition, regular training and psychology. Aim of the present study is to determine the effect of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) rsl800795 polymorphisms in Turkish National Skiing running athletes. A total of 55 individuals, 34 skiers and 21 non-skiers (controls) were enrolled for the study. DNA isolation from buccal samples of athletes was performed by using Invitrogen (Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA, USA) commercial kit. Genotyping process was carried out by real-time PCR. GG and GC genotypes were analyzed as equal in athletes. In controls, GG genotype was superior to other genotypes. There was no statistically significant difference in the terms of/L-tf rsl800795 polymorphism between athletes and controls. CC genotype was not detected in both groups. Our results revealed the importance of genetic factors in determining the athlete's sports performance, but there is need for more studies in the terms of IL-6 rsl800795 to clarify their effects on athletic performance. This first report, including the related genetic markers and skiing running athletes will guide scientists for further studies. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved

Oestrus synchronization with short-term and long-term progestagen treatments in goats: the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the synchronization of oestrus using short- and long-term progestagen treatments in Hair goats at the onset of the breeding season, and to evaluate the effect of the exogenous GnRH administration immediately prior to short-term progestagen treatment on the reproductive performance. A total of 75 Hair goats, aged 2.5-5 years-old were used in this experiment. Goats were divided equally into three groups (n=25 per group). Animals in LT-FGA (long-term progestagen treatment), ST-FGA (short-term progestagen treatment) and Gn-ST-FGA (GnRH-short-term progestagen treatment) groups received an intravaginal sponge (day 0) containing 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) for 14, 8 and 8 days, respectively, plus 75 μg cloprostenol i.m. 24 h before sponge removal and 400 I.U. equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) i.m. at the time of sponge removal. In addition, the goats in the Gn-ST-FGA group received 10.5 μg busereline acetate i.m. at the time of sponge insertion (day 0). Oestrus response for all treatment groups was 100%. The mean interval from sponge removal and the onset of oestrus for the LT-FGA, ST-FGA and Gn-ST-FGA groups was 28.0±1.0 h, 28.83±1.1 h and 33.1±2.0 h, respectively. No significant difference in onset of oestrus among groups was recorded. The pregnancy rate, kidding rate, multiple kidding rates and litter size were 72.0, 61.1, 45.5% and 1.6 in the LT-FGA, 70.8, 76.5, 69.2% and 1.8 in the ST-FGA and 58.3, 78.6, 63.6% and 1.6 in the Gn-ST-FGA groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates were similar in the LT-FGA (72.0%) and ST-FGA (70.8%). However, the kidding rate, multiple kidding rates and litter size were numerically higher in the ST-FGA (76.5%, 69.2% and 1.8, respectively) group than in the LT-FGA (61.1%, 45.5% and 1.6, respectively) group. Although not statistically different, pregnancy rate and litter size was lower in the Gn-ST-FGA group (58.3% and 1.6, respectively) compared with the ST-FGA (70.8% and 1.8, respectively). In conclusion, it can be said that oestrus synhcronization with long-term progestagen treatment (14 d-FGA- PGF2α- eCG) could be replaced with short-term progestagen treatment (8 d-FGA-PGF2α- eCG) without a reduction in oestrus rate and fertility parameters in lactating goats at the beginning of breeding season. However, the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment (8 d-FGAPGF2α- eCG) do not have a positive effect on fertility parameters in goats

Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Background The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. Methods Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. Findings Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3–58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5–56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32–6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20–5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). Interpretation Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Funding Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P &lt; 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Search for Diphoton Events with Large Missing Transverse Energy in 7 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy is presented. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  [square root of s=7] TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.1  pb-1 [pb superscript -1]. No excess of such events is observed above the standard model background prediction. In the context of a specific model with one universal extra dimension with compactification radius R and gravity-induced decays, values of 1/R<729  GeV are excluded at 95% C. L., providing the most sensitive limit on this model to date.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.