Proton and carbon-ion minibeam therapy: from modeling to treatment

Arrays of minibeams of protons and $^{12}$C in tissue-like media were modeled with Geant4 toolkit. A set of beam energies was used in simulations to provide a Spead-out Bragg peak (SOBP) extended by 6 cm in depth for protons as well as for $^{12}$C. In both cases, beams of 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm FWHM were arranged at the entrance to a water phantom either on a rectangular or an hexagonal grid to compare two kinds of projectiles and different minibeam patterns. Differential and cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVH) were calculated and compared for protons and $^{12}$C as dose uniformity metrics. A uniform dose distribution was easily achieved with protons due to an enhanced lateral scattering of these projectiles in comparison to $^{12}$C. The cumulative DVHs calculated for 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm minibeams almost coincide in the target volume, but diverge for different grid patterns. In contrast, cumulative entry DVHs were found similar for both grid patterns, but different for 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm minibeams.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, talk given at the XXV International Baldin Seminar on High Energy Physics Problems "Relativistic Nuclear Physics and Quantum Chromodynamics", September 18-23, 2023, Dubna, Russi

НЕІНВАЗИВНА ОЦІНКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ СЕРЦЯ, СУДИН І ОРГАНІВ ТРАВЛЕННЯ ПРИ ПРИЙОМІ ЗМІШАНОЇ ЇЖІ В ПРАКТИЦІ СІМЕЙНИХ ЛІКАРІВ

Функціональну коморбідність серцево-судинної і травної систем необхідно врахо-вувати при змішаному харчуванні і призначеннімедикаментозної терапії

Shared Agency with Parents for Educational Goals: Ethnic Differences and Implications for College Adjustment

This study proposed and confirmed three ways in which college students can perceive shared agency and two ways in which they can perceive non-shared agency with parents when pursuing educational goals in college. Differences and similarities were examined among participants from four ethnic backgrounds (N = 515; 67% female): East Asian American, Southeast Asian American, Filipino/Pacific Islander American, and European American. Results indicated that Asian American youth reported higher levels of non-shared agency with parents (i.e., parental directing and noninvolvement), lower levels of shared agency (i.e., parental accommodation, support, or collaboration), and poorer college adjustment compared to European Americans. However, ethnic similarities were found whereby perceived shared agency in education with parents was associated with college adjustment. Multiple mediation analyses also indicated that our model of shared and non-shared agency with parents explained differences in college adjustment between Asian and European Americans, though more strongly for comparisons between European and East Asian Americans. Our results suggest that parents continue to be important in the education of older youth but that continued directing of youth’s education in college can be maladaptive

Neuroendocrine–immune disequilibrium and endometriosis: an interdisciplinary approach

Endometriosis, a chronic disease characterized by endometrial tissue located outside the uterine cavity, affects one fourth of young women and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. However, an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and effective treatment strategies of endometriosis is still largely elusive. Inadequate immune and neuroendocrine responses are significantly involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, and key findings are summarized in the present review. We discuss here the role of different immune mechanisms particularly adhesion molecules, protein–glycan interactions, and pro-angiogenic mediators in the development and progression of the disease. Finally, we introduce the concept of endometrial dissemination as result of a neuroendocrine-immune disequilibrium in response to high levels of perceived stress caused by cardinal clinical symptoms of endometriosis

Global baryon number conservation encoded in net-proton fluctuations measured in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

Experimental results are presented on event-by-event net-proton fluctuation measurements in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN=2.76 TeV, recorded by the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. These measurements have as their ultimate goal an experimental test of Lattice QCD (LQCD) predictions on second and higher order cumulants of net-baryon distributions to search for critical behavior near the QCD phase boundary. Before confronting them with LQCD predictions, account has to be taken of correlations stemming from baryon number conservation as well as fluctuations of participating nucleons. Both effects influence the experimental measurements and are usually not considered in theoretical calculations. For the first time, it is shown that event-by-event baryon number conservation leads to subtle long-range correlations arising from very early interactions in the collisions.publishedVersio

Pion-kaon femtoscopy and the lifetime of the hadronic phase in Pb-Pb collisions at root(S)(NN)=2.76 TeV

In this paper, the first femtoscopic analysis of pion-kaon correlations at the LHC is reported. The analysis was performed on the Pb-Pb collision data at root(S)(NN) = 2.76 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The non-identical particle correlations probe the spatio-temporal separation between sources of different particle species as well as the average source size of the emitting system. The sizes of the pion and kaon sources increase with centrality, and pions are emitted closer to the centre of the system and/or later than kaons. This is naturally expected in a system with strong radial flow and is qualitatively reproduced by hydrodynamic models. ALICE data on pion-kaon emission asymmetry are consistent with (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a statistical hadronisation model, resonance propagation, and decay code THERMINATOR 2 calculation, with an additional time delay between 1 and 2 fm/c for kaons. The delay can be interpreted as evidence for a significant hadronic rescattering phase in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Elliptic and triangular flow of (anti)deuterons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN =5.02 TeV

The measurements of the (anti)deuteron elliptic flow (v2) and the first measurements of triangular flow (v3) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision √sNN = 5.02 TeV are presented. A mass ordering at low transverse momentum (pT) is observed when comparing these measurements with those of other identified hadrons, as expected from relativistic hydrodynamics. The measured (anti)deuteron v2 lies between the predictions from the simple coalescence and blast-wave models, which provide a good description of the data only for more peripheral and for more central collisions, respectively. The mass number scaling, which is violated for v2, is approximately valid for the (anti)deuterons v3. The measured v2 and v3 are also compared with the predictions from a coalescence approach with phase-space distributions of nucleons generated by IEBEVISHNU with AMPT initial conditions coupled with URQMD, and from a dynamical model based on relativistic hydrodynamics coupled to the hadronic afterburner SMASH. The model predictions are consistent with the data within the uncertainties in midcentral collisions, while a deviation is observed in the most central collisions

Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC

ALICE Collaboration., Acharya, S., Adamová, D. et al. Publisher Correction: Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC. Nature 590, E13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03142-2The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper the production of (anti-)deuterons is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at root s = 13 TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity (dN(ch)/d eta similar to 26) as measured in p-Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p-Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM).Peer reviewe

Centrality dependence of J/psi and psi(2S) production and nuclear modification in p-Pb collisions at <mml:msqrt>sNN</mml:msqrt>=8.16 TeV

The inclusive production of the J/ and psi (2S) charmonium states is studied as a function of centrality in p-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN = 8.16 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the dimuon decay channel with the ALICE apparatus in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals -4.46 and pT2 values. The nuclear effects affecting the production of both charmonium states are studied using the nuclear modification factor. In the p-going direction, a suppression of the production of both charmonium states is observed, which seems to increase from peripheral to central collisions. In the Pb-going direction, however, the centrality dependence is different for the two states: the nuclear modification factor of the J/psi increases from below unity in peripheral collisions to above unity in central collisions, while for the psi (2S) it stays below or consistent with unity for all centralities with no significant centrality dependence. The results are compared with measurements in p-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV and no significant dependence on the energy of the collision is observed. Finally, the results are compared with theoretical models implementing various nuclear matter effects.Peer reviewe

Search for a common baryon source in high-multiplicity pp collisions at the LHC

We report on the measurement of the size of the particle-emitting source from two-baryon correlations with ALICE in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s=13 TeV. The source radius is studied with low relative momentum p–p, p‾–p‾, p–Λ, and p‾–Λ‾ pairs as a function of the pair transverse mass mT considering for the first time in a quantitative way the effect of strong resonance decays. After correcting for this effect, the radii extracted for pairs of different particle species agree. This indicates that protons, antiprotons, Λ s, and Λ‾ s originate from the same source. Within the measured mT range (1.1–2.2) GeV/c2the invariant radius of this common source varies between 1.3 and 0.85 fm. These results provide a precise reference for studies of the strong hadron–hadron interactions and for the investigation of collective properties in small colliding systems. © 2020 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE CollaborationPeer reviewe