Proposed Quality Improvement of Liquid Organic Fertilitizers "Herbafarm" to Meet National Standards in Indonesia

Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources. It is supported with arable land and tropical climate that make agriculture, plantation and forestry in Indonesia is growing.In agriculture, fertilizer is an important commodity. Fertilizers are divided into two types, namely organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.Understanding the importance of fertilizers for agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia has set standards of quality for fertilizers in Indonesia. Quality is usually defined as the characteristics of a product that include performance, reliability, and ease of use.This thesis background is report from Soil and Plant Laboratory Inc. about the lowness macronutrient content of Herbafarm.This final project is focused to find the cause of decreased quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer "Herbafarm" and proposed the method to improve its quality. Methodology that used in this thesis is examining every activities related to production of its fertilizer. Beside that, it also analyzed the Quality Control data, measures production process performance from the data with the Control Chart, and use a fishbone diagram method to analyze the root problem. Also providing quality improvement proposals to meet the National standards by using Six Sigma approach.Result from the study is found inadequacies raw material warehouse that cause the decrease of raw material content. The proposed recommendation is to build new raw material warehouse according to minimum standard of material handlin

Isolasi Senyawa Aktif Lignan dari Buah Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum L.) dan Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.)

Buah lada hitam (Piper nigrum L.) dan daun sirih (Piper betle L.) telah banyak digunakan secara tradisional untuk mengobati beberapa jenis penyakit. Beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung pada kedua tanaman tersebut diduga bertanggungjawab terhadap efek farmakologi, salah satu golongan metabolit sekunder tersebut adalah lignan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa lignan dari buah lada dan daun sirih. Serbuk simplisia dari daun sirih dan buah lada hitam diekstraksi dengan ekstraksi sinambung menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak difraksinasi dengan ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut air-diklorometan (1:1) dan kromatografi cair vakum. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif. Isolat dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektroskopi massa (KG-SM). Dari buah lada hitam telah berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi dua senyawa lignan berupa hinokinin dan satu senyawa lignan lain yang memiliki ciri fragmen 135 dan 286 pada KG-SM. Sedangkan daun sirih memberikan data kromatografi untuk golongan lignan tetapi belum dapat dikonfirmasi dengan data KG-SM.Kata kunci : buah lada hitam, daun sirih, lignan, tanaman obat Indonesia Black pepper fruits and betel leaves are widely used traditionally to cure several illnesses. Secondary metabolites of both plants are believed to be responsible for their pharmacological effect; one of the secondary metabolites groups is lignan. The goal of this research is to isolate lignans from betel leaves and black pepper fruits. Crude drugs of betel leaves and pepper fruits were extracted with Soxhlet apparatus, using methanol. The extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane-water (1:1) and vacuum liquid chromatography. Purification was conducted by preparative thin layer chromatography. Isolated compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). Two lignans were isolated from black pepper fruits and identified with GCMS. First known as hinokinin, and another has MS fragment 135 and 268, which are specific for lignan compounds. Betel leaves showed chromatography data to lignan groups but cannot confirm yet by GC-MS.Keywords: black pepper fruits, betel leaves, lignan, Indonesian Medicinal Plan

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA SUBTEMA MANUSIA DAN LINGKUNGAN

Penelitian ini berjudul ”Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V SDN Bojongasih Pada Subtema Manusia dan Lngkungan” yang dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN Bojongasih. Penelitian ini didasari temuan dalam kegiatan observasi pembelajaran yaitu pembelajaran masih kurang melibatkan siswa, sehingga siswa hasil belajarnya kurang. Model yang digunakan yakni Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan tiga siklus. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Selain meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa model Problem Based Learning juga dapat meningkatkan sikap peduli, tanggung jawab, keterampilan komunikasi pada setiap siklusnya. Untuk peningkatan hasil belajar dari setiap siklusnya, siklus I sebesar 55%, siklus II sebesar 64%, siklus III 91%. Nilai rata-rata yang didapat mengalami peningkatan mulai dari siklus I sebesar 57,96, siklus II sebesar 67,50, Siklus III sebesar 72,50. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model problem based learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V pada subtema Manusia dan Lingkungan. Kata kunci : Problem Based Learning, Hasil Belaja

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Materi Persamaan Kuadrat Berdasarkan Prosedur Newman

This study aims to determine errors and factors that cause students to make mistakes in solving word problems on quadratic equations based on the Newman procedure. The type of research used is descriptive research. Data collection techniques used were written tests, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were 20 students of class IXA at SMP Kristen Tomohon. The results showed that in solving word problems on the quadratic equation material given by the students they still made mistakes based on the Newman procedure. Factors causing students to make mistakes, namely: misreading the numbers in the problem, confused with the formula that students will use in a hurry to solve the problem so they don't write down the final answer. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to mathematics teachers to provide story questions to students by applying Newman's procedure so that the answers given are more structured

Reflections of well-being: navigating body image, chronic energy deficiency, and nutritional intake among urban and rural adolescents

BackgroundAdolescent growth and development is a period of very specific nutritional problems. As a result of poor growth and development, 36.3% of adolescents in Indonesia are at risk of developing CED. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of body image, the incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), and nutritional intake in adolescents in urban and rural areas.MethodsThis study used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional study conducted in Bandung and Sumedang on 387 adolescents aged 13–15 years. The instruments used in this study were body image questionnaire Figure Rating Scale (FRS) method, 2 × 24-h food recall, and anthropometry for Measuring mid upper arm circumference (MUAC).ResultsResults of this study showed that more than half of adolescents in urban (54.0%) and rural areas (61.7%) were at risk of CED, had negative body image perceptions in urban (69.1%) and rural areas (62.3%), and underconsumption of macronutrients in both urban and rural adolescents.ConclusionMost adolescents in urban and rural areas still consume less energy, carbohydrates, and protein. Perceived body image and nutrient intake contribute to the incidence of CED in adolescents

Quality improvement in ammonium nitrate production using Six Sigma methodology

Six sigma has been used in different industries to reach operational excellence. However, in the chemical industry, the application of this methodology is limited. This research presents an implementation of the six sigma method for ammonium nitrate (AN) content optimization in condensate production for a fertilizer company in Colombia. The paper aims to determine the levels for input variables in the process, to meet desirable standards for condensate quality in terms of ammonium nitrate content. Based on the DMAIC steps implementation, it was possible to establish the main variables affecting the condensate quality and their optimal levels to reach an ammonium nitrate content below 15,000 ppm. These results demonstrate the impact that a six sigma project may have on operational effectiveness and quality improvement for meeting the customer requirements

Assessment of biofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture in the Great Mekong Region

International audienceA growing concern on the deleterious effects of chemical inputs to the environment has been on the rise from the excessive use of chemical inputs leading to soil and water pollution, destruction to fauna and microbial communities, reduced soil fertility and increased crop disease susceptibility. In the Great Mekong Region (GMR), a large majority of the population relies on agriculture and faces severe challenges including decline in soil fertility, increased pests and diseases, leading to lower ecosystem productivity. In this region, over-dependence on chemical fertilizers also continues to impact negatively on soil health and the wider ecosystem. Agroecological practices, and beneficial microorganisms in particular, offer an affordable and sustainable alternative to mineral inputs for improved plant nutrition and soil health for optimal crop performance and sustainable production. Biofertilizers are a key component in integrated nutrient management as well as for increased economic benefits from reduced expenditure on chemical fertilizers, holistically leading to sustainable agriculture. To cope with the need for biofertilizer adoption for sustainable agricultural production, the countries in the GMR are putting efforts in promoting development and use of biofertilizers and making them available to farmers at affordable costs. Despite these efforts, farmers continue to use chemical fertilizers at high rates with the hope of increased yields instead of taking advantage of microbial products capable of providing plant nutrients while restoring or improving soil health. This study explored the current agricultural practices in the six countries in the GMR (China, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Lao PDR), the critical need for sustainable agroecological practices with a special emphasis on biofertilizers. We highlighted the current status, distribution, adoption and gaps of biofertilizer production in the GMR, in order to obtain an insight on the nature of biofertilizers, efficacy and production standards, adoption or lack of biofertilizers in the GMR