La muerte del caballero

La percepción de Ia vida se vincula a Ia actitud ante Ia muerte para abrirse a Ia experiencia estética en tomo al Poema de Mia Cid y a las Coplas de Manrique. Los horizontes simbólicos que brotan de Ia épica y de Ia lírica acentúan Ia figura trágica del héroe, del caballeroThe idea of life is linked to the attitude towards death, in order to understand the aesthetic experience of Poema de Mia Cid and Manrique's Cop/as. The symbolic horizons which grow from the Epic and the Lyric enphasize the tragic character of the hero

Optimization of Nanoparticle-Based SERS Substrates through Large-Scale Realistic Simulations

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has become a widely used spectroscopic technique for chemical identification, providing unbeaten sensitivity down to the singlemolecule level. The amplification of the optical near field produced by collective electron excitations plasmons in nanostructured metal surfaces gives rise to a dramatic increase by many orders of magnitude in the Raman scattering intensities from neighboring molecules. This effect strongly depends on the detailed geometry and composition of the plasmonsupporting metallic structures. However, the search for optimized SERS substrates has largely relied on empirical data, due in part to the complexity of the structures, whose simulation becomes prohibitively demanding. In this work, we use state-of-the-art electromagnetic computation techniques to produce predictive simulations for a wide range of nanoparticle-based SERS substrates, including realistic configurations consisting of random arrangements of hundreds of nanoparticles with various morphologies. This allows us to derive rules of thumb for the influence of particle anisotropy and substrate coverage on the obtained SERS enhancement and optimum spectral ranges of operation. Our results provide a solid background to understand and design optimized SERS substrates.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

HF broadband antenna design for shipboard communications: Simulation and measurements

The objective pursued in this work is to highlight the convenience of using electromagnetic simulation software as an alternative to the traditional scale model measurement when dealing with the design of HF antennas on real complex platforms. The experience was developed during the building process of a real vessel. A low and a medium band antennas (fan-wire type) were designed ad-hoc for this project. The HF broadband antennas’ study covered from the preliminary design stages to the final verification measurements completed onboard the ship. The experiment has demonstrated that more accurate results can be obtained when using an adequate electromagnetic simulation code, which, besides, brings important advantages in flexibility and usability. These advantages, inherent to the use of virtual models, hinge on the ability of the simulation tools to properly handle any modification of the vessel’s structure that might arise during the platform construction

Plataforma digital para venta de artículos para videojuegos

En el siguiente trabajo de investigación, se presentará una idea de negocio desarrollada por alumnos apasionados por el deporte. Este emprendimiento busca ofrecer a las personas interesadas en los deportes electrónicos una gama de productos que se ajuste a sus necesidades de la mejor manera y que impulse el crecimiento del sector en el Perú. A través de una plataforma digital, E-GameStore ofrecerá los artículos más demandados por jugadores aficionados y profesionales en el que se incluirán tres principales propuestas de valor; la personalización de los implementos, la organización de eventos exclusivos y la posibilidad de que los clientes formen parte de una comunidad. Para validar la idea de negocio de E-GameStore, se realizaron numerosas entrevistas, tanto a expertos del sector, como a usuarios o potenciales clientes. Se obtuvieron resultados vitales para que el equipo de investigación pueda corregir los errores y potenciar los aciertos, mejorando cada aspecto con el que un emprendimiento debe contar. Además, se elaboraron distintos experimentos para determinar la respuesta del público ante las distintas propuestas de valor, así como para conocer el cumplimiento de las hipótesis planteadas Con la finalidad de establecer si la idea de negocio resulta viable dentro del mercado peruano, se desarrolló varios aspectos empresariales. La investigación cuenta con un plan financiero, de marketing y de operaciones, para conocer las distintas áreas que ayudarán con la sostenibilidad del emprendimiento. Como resultado principal, el equipo de investigación concluyó que la idea de negocio E-GameStore enfocada al mercado de los deportes electrónicos y videojuegos es viable, ya que el plan financiero la respalda.In the following research work, a business idea developed by students who are passionate about sport will be presented. This entrepreneurship seeks to offer people interested in electronic sports a range of products that best suits their needs and that boosts the growth of the sector in Peru. Through a digital platform, E-GameStore will offer the items most demanded by amateur and professional players, which will include three main value propositions; the customization of the implements, the organization of exclusive events and the possibility that the clients are part of a community. To validate the E-GameStore business idea, numerous interviews were conducted, both with industry experts, as well as with users or potential clients. Vital results were obtained so that the research team can correct errors and enhance successes, improving every aspect that an enterprise must have. In addition, different experiments were developed to determine the public's response to the different value proposals, as well as to know the fulfillment of the hypotheses raised. In order to establish whether the business idea is viable within the Peruvian market, several business aspects were developed. The research has a financial, marketing and operations plan, to know the different areas that will help with the sustainability of the entrepreneurship. As a main result, the research team concluded that the E-GameStore business idea focused on the e-sports and video game market is viable, as the financial plan supports it.Trabajo de investigació

Corbicular pollen spectrum (Apis mellifera) of samples from Huejotitan, Jalisco, Mexico

Las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera L.) dependen completamente de los recursos que las rodean. Estos afectan su supervivencia, producción de miel y la calidad de ésta. Muy poca información está disponible sobre los recursos que utilizan las abejas melíferas en México. Se hizo un estudio para identificar los recursos florales utilizados por las abejas melíferas por medio de un análisis del polen corbicular colectado de un colmenar en la población de Huejotitan, municipio de Jocotepec, estado de Jalisco, México. Se utilizaron trampas de polen tipo Ontario modificadas para colectar muestras de polen de manera mensual de tres colmenas a través de un periodo de cuatro meses (agosto – noviembre, 2012). Se etiquetaron y congelaron las muestras para luego procesarlas mediante la técnica de acetólisis para eliminar la exina. Se prepararon portaobjetos permanentes de glicerina para conservar y analizar las muestras. La identificación, el recuento de los granos de polen, así como la medición de cada grano se realizaron por medio de un microscopio vertical equipado con un micrómetro ocular de 100X y utilizando aceite de inmersión. Se hizo una colección de referencia como medio auxiliar de identificación y como referencia estacional de las especies florecientes en el área del colmenar muestreado. Una vez al mes se recolectaron, se marcaron, y se prensaron flores de todas las plantas en flor, y se llevaron al herbario para su identificación. El polen fue extraído de estas flores, procesado e identificado. En las muestras de polen corbicular se identificaron 23 tipos de plantas pertenecientes a 17 familias de plantas. Trece de ellas se identificaron a nivel de especie, cinco a nivel de género y cinco más a nivel familia. Myrtaceae fue la familia representada con mayor frecuencia en las muestras, seguida por Asteraceae, Fabaceae y Lamiaceae.This study examines the different plants visited by the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) during the honey harvest season (August to November) 2012. The work consisted in identifying the corbicular pollen pellets collected by the bees in one apiary in the village of Huejotitan, municipality of Jocotepec, state of Jalisco, Mexico. Three hives were selected and sampled monthly by means of Ontario modified pollen traps. The samples were tagged and frozen and later processed by acetolysis technique to remove the exine; permanent glycerine slides were made for the preservation and analysis. Identification and counting of pollen grains was performed using an Olympus BH-2® upright microscope equipped with a 100X ocular micrometer to measure each individual species pollen grain, using immersion oil. Wild plants in bloom were also collected monthly, tagged, pressed and taken to the herbarium for identification; the pollen was extracted, processed and identified for a reference collection that served as an ancillary means of identification and as a seasonal reference to the blooming species. In the corbicular pollen, 23 types of plants were identified: 13 at species level, five at genus level and five at family level belonging to 17 plant families. Myrtaceae resulted the most frequently represented family followed by Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae

MiR-7 controls cholesterol biosynthesis through posttranscriptional regulation of DHCR24 expression

Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is associated with several pathologies including cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of cholesterol metabolism. We previously established the role of miR-7 in regulating insulin resistance and amyloidosis, which represents a common pathological feature between type 2 diabetes and AD. We show here an additional metabolic function of miR-7 in cholesterol biosynthesis. We found that miR-7 blocks the last steps of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in vitro by targeting relevant genes including DHCR24 and SC5D posttranscriptionally. Intracranial infusion of miR-7 on an adeno-associated viral vector reduced the expression of DHCR24 in the brain of wild-type mice, supporting in vivo miR-7 targeting. We also found that cholesterol regulates endogenous levels of miR-7 in vitro, correlating with transcriptional regulation through SREBP2 binding to its promoter region. In parallel to SREBP2 inhibition, the levels of miR-7 and hnRNPK (the host gene of miR-7) were concomitantly reduced in brain in a mouse model of Niemann Pick type C1 disease and in murine fatty liver, which are both characterized by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Taken together, the results establish a novel regulatory feedback loop by which miR-7 modulates cholesterol homeostasis at the posttranscriptional level, an effect that could be exploited for therapeutic interventions against prevalent human diseases.This work was supported by the “Talento Program” from the Madrid Government, Spain (2017-T1/BMD-5333 and 2021-5A/BMD-20964), (RTI2018-095061-B-I00) and (PID2021-128264OB-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the European Union (to CMR); Consejería de Educación e Investigación from the Madrid Government, Spain: “Convocatoria de ayudas para la contratación de ayudantes de investigación” (PEJ-2018-AI/BMD-9724) (to CMR and MT-P); “Convocatoria de ayudas para la contratación de investigadores postdoctorales” (PEDJ-2018-POST/BDM-8900) (to CMR and AP-G) and “Convocatoria de ayudas para la contratación de investigadores predoctorales” (PEJD-2019-PRE/BMD-14499) (to CMR and YM-M) from the Madrid Government, Spain; (RTI2018-098113-B-I00) (to RB and DGC) and (PID2021-122766OB-I00) (to AMV) and (PID2020-112830RB-I00) (to MD-L) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the European Union; (PI18/01152 and PI21/01173) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (ISCIII) (to OP); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (research contract of P-R) and 2021-5A/BMD-20964 (research contract of VP-M). We thank the Quantification and Molecular Characterization Unit and the Lipid and Lipoprotein Unit (IRYCIS) for support

Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b isolated from mucosal disease

El virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) genera pérdidas significativas en la producción de bovinos. Se reporta sobre un caso fatal de la enfermedad de las mucosas en un toro de dos años. Para la detección del agente causal, se analizaron muestras de lesiones, de sangre completa y de heces mediante el RT-PCR, PCR, ELISA y aislamiento viral. Se obtuvo amplificación positiva por RT-PCR en muestras de sangre para el virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB). El aislamiento viral de las muestras de las lesiones confirmó que el VDVB fue el agente causal de las manifestaciones clínicas. Una caracterización genética basada en el análisis filogenético de tres secuencias parciales identificó la presencia del subgenotipo 1b del VDVB en las muestras analizadas. El animal muestreado manifestaba signos clínicos indicando que tenía la enfermedad de las mucosas, lo cual sugiere que sufría de una infección persistente (IP) por VDVB. Este hallazgo resalta la importancia de establecer programas de control de VDVB basados en probar la presencia de IP en el ganado de México.This report describes a fatal case of mucosal disease in a two-year-old bull. For causal agent detection, scab, whole blood, and feces samples were tested by RT-PCR, PCR, ELISA, and viral isolation. RT-PCR positive amplification was obtained in blood samples for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Viral isolation from the scab samples confirmed BVDV as the causative agent of the clinical manifestations. Subsequently, genetic characterization based on phylogenetic analysis of three partial sequences revealed the presence of BVDV subgenotype 1b in analyzed samples. Due to the development of clinical manifestation named mucosal disease, these findings suggest the detection of BVDV persistently infected (PI) bull; therefore, these results demonstrate the importance of establishing BVDV control programs that rely on testing the presence of PI in cattle from Mexico

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes