Gendered nationalism : the gender gap in support for the Scottish National Party

Recent major surveys of the Scottish electorate and of Scottish National Party (SNP) members have revealed a distinct gender gap in support for the party. Men are markedly more likely than women to vote for the SNP and they comprise more than two-thirds of its membership. In this article, we use data from those surveys to test various possible explanations for the disproportionately male support for the SNP. While popular accounts have focused on the gendered appeal of recent leaders and on the party’s fluctuating efforts at achieving gender equality in its parliamentary representation, we find much stronger support for a different explanation. Women are less inclined to support and to join the SNP because they are markedly less supportive of its central objective of independence for Scotland. Since men and women barely differ in their reported national identities, the origins of this gender gap in support for independence presents a puzzle for further research

Prospectus, September 16, 1974

STUGO ELECTIONS SEPT. 25, 26; Student Senate Positions To Be Filled; Meet The New Prospectus Staff; 29 Added To Parkland Staff; BSA Sponsors Black Queen Contest; Lit. Page To Take Place of \u27Quill\u27; The $150,000 Gift; Letters To the Editor; The Short Circuit; Crime Pays . . . Well; The Kaleidoscope; This Is Your Newspaper; Opinion; Essay: Eulogy for Simple Justice; In The Dark With Craig Hoff; Parkland Debate Is Now Forming; International Meditation Society; Art Association; Stevie Wonder\u27s Latest \u27Beautiful, Creative\u27; Fewer And Fewer Fabulous Fashions; Right To Life To Reorganize; Really Raunchy Record Review; Heartsfield Rocks Gulch; Alpha Phi Omega; Health Insurance; Newman Club; Activities Budget Figures Released; Young Republicans To Reconvene; Republicans Plan Candidate Debate; Postage Machine; Classified Ads; Security Guard Enjoys His Job; A Column By And For Women: Continuing Education For Women; Rape Hotline System Available To Victims; Road Rally; Christian Fellowship; Jock Talk; PC Faculty Routs Maynards. Grabs Seecond; Fast Freddy\u27s Football Forecast: Rules Of The Game; Brock Expresses Relief After Breaking Record; Baseball Tryouts; Golfer At Bradley; Ski Club; Cross Country; Golf Schedule; Parkland Basketball Meeting; Callboard; Newman Club Welcomes Students; Bake Sale; TB Skin Tests; ID Cards; Bridge Clubhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1974/1010/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, October 14, 1974

PISCIOTTE, WEAVER, OTHERS DEBATE TODAY; Business Division Offers Two New Programs; Sangamon St. Rep On Campus; Will The Real Bobbie Reid....?; Newman Club Sponsors Mass; Blood Drive; get day-care together; bookstore follies; The Short Circuit; The Kaleidoscope; Conscious Matter; essay: The Illusion of money; Letters; In Retrospect...; Strawberry Fields Supermarket Alternative; Who Killed J.F.K.?; P.C. Science Classes Visit Rockies In Summer; PC\u27s Kater Is FM Disc Jockey; P.C. Offers Transcendental Meditation Classes; Local Jazz Bands Offer Entertainment; Lit One: A Bag Of Jamaican Weed, Time, Whispe....., Limbo, Child, The wind is shifting..., A Short Story; \u27Piano Man\u27 Not Much Else; The Gifts Of Jackson Browne; Your Health, books: Jaws; In The Dark; A Column By And For Women: Abortion Facts, The Female Focus; Tau Epsilon; Classified Ads; Spoon Returns To Champaign; Fast Freddy\u27s Football Forecast; Horseshoe Results?; Bart Wills Is Fast Freddy Winner; P.C. Wrestling Team To Meet; Callboard; Parkland Events; Library To Be Closed; Does P.C. Architecture Promote Learning?https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1974/1006/thumbnail.jp

CANDELS/GOODS-S, CDFS, ECDFS: Photometric Redshifts For Normal and for X-Ray-Detected Galaxies

We present photometric redshifts and associated probability distributions for all detected sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS). The work makes use of the most up-to-date data from the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and the Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey (TENIS) in addition to other data. We also revisit multi-wavelength counterparts for published X-ray sources from the 4Ms-CDFS and 250ks-ECDFS surveys, finding reliable counterparts for 1207 out of 1259 sources ($\sim 96\%$). Data used for photometric redshifts include intermediate-band photometry deblended using the TFIT method, which is used for the first time in this work. Photometric redshifts for X-ray source counterparts are based on a new library of AGN/galaxy hybrid templates appropriate for the faint X-ray population in the CDFS. Photometric redshift accuracy for normal galaxies is 0.010 and for X-ray sources is 0.014, and outlier fractions are $4\%$ and $5.4\%$ respectively. The results within the CANDELS coverage area are even better as demonstrated both by spectroscopic comparison and by galaxy-pair statistics. Intermediate-band photometry, even if shallow, is valuable when combined with deep broad-band photometry. For best accuracy, templates must include emission lines.Comment: The paper has been accepted by ApJ. The materials we provide are available under [Surveys] > [CDFS] through the portal http://www.mpe.mpg.de/XraySurvey

CANDELS Multi-wavelength Catalogs: Source Detection and Photometry in the GOODS-South Field

We present a UV-to-mid infrared multi-wavelength catalog in the CANDELS/GOODS-S field, combining the newly obtained CANDELS HST/WFC3 F105W, F125W, and F160W data with existing public data. The catalog is based on source detection in the WFC3 F160W band. The F160W mosaic includes the data from CANDELS deep and wide observations as well as previous ERS and HUDF09 programs. The mosaic reaches a 5$\sigma$ limiting depth (within an aperture of radius 0.17 arcsec) of 27.4, 28.2, and 29.7 AB for CANDELS wide, deep, and HUDF regions, respectively. The catalog contains 34930 sources with the representative 50% completeness reaching 25.9, 26.6, and 28.1 AB in the F160W band for the three regions. In addition to WFC3 bands, the catalog also includes data from UV (U-band from both CTIO/MOSAIC and VLT/VIMOS), optical (HST/ACS F435W, F606W, F775W, F814W, and F850LP), and infrared (HST/WFC3 F098M, VLT/ISAAC Ks, VLT/HAWK-I Ks, and Spitzer/IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0 $\mu$m) observations. The catalog is validated via stellar colors, comparison with other published catalogs, zeropoint offsets determined from the best-fit templates of the spectral energy distribution of spectroscopically observed objects, and the accuracy of photometric redshifts. The catalog is able to detect unreddened star-forming (passive) galaxies with stellar mass of 10^{10}M_\odot at a 50% completeness level to z$\sim$3.4 (2.8), 4.6 (3.2), and 7.0 (4.2) in the three regions. As an example of application, the catalog is used to select both star-forming and passive galaxies at z$\sim$2--4 via the Balmer break. It is also used to study the color--magnitude diagram of galaxies at 0<z<4.Comment: The full resolution article is now published in ApJS (2013, 207, 24). 22 pages, 21 figures, and 5 tables. The catalogue is available on the CANDELS website: http://candels.ucolick.org/data_access/GOODS-S.html MAST: http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/candels and Rainbow Database: https://arcoiris.ucolick.org/Rainbow_navigator_public and https://rainbowx.fis.ucm.es/Rainbow_navigator_publi

Spectral Energy Distributions of type 2 QSOs: obscured star formation at high redshifts

We present new mid-infrared and submillimetre observations for a sample of eight high redshift type-2 QSOs located in the Chandra Deep Field South. The sources are X-ray absorbed with luminosities in excess of 10^44 erg/s. Two of the targets have robust detections, S/N > 4, while a further three targets are marginally detected with S/N > =2.5. All sources are detected in multiple mid-infrared bands with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the type-2 QSOs are compared to those of two local ultraluminous galaxies (Arp220 and IR22491) in order to assess contributions from a star-forming component in various parts of the SED. We suggest that their submillimetre emission is possibly due to a starburst while a large fraction of the mid-infrared energy is likely to originate in the obscured central quasar. Using the mid-infrared and submm observations we derive infrared luminosities which are found to be in excess of L>10^12Lsun. The submillimetre (850micron) to X-ray (2 keV) spectral indices (alpha_SX) span a wide range. About half of the type-2 QSOs have values typical for a Compton-thick AGN with only 1 per cent of the nuclear emission seen through scattering and, the remaining with values typical of submm-bright galaxies. Combining the available observational evidence we outline a possible scenario for the early stages of evolution of these sources.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

A CANDELS WFC3 Grism Study of Emission-Line Galaxies at z~2: A Mix of Nuclear Activity and Low-Metallicity Star Formation

We present Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 slitless grism spectroscopy of 28 emission-line galaxies at z~2, in the GOODS-S region of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). The high sensitivity of these grism observations, with 1-sigma detections of emission lines to f > 2.5x10^{-18} erg/s/cm^2, means that the galaxies in the sample are typically ~7 times less massive (median M_* = 10^{9.5} M_sun) than previously studied z~2 emission-line galaxies. Despite their lower mass, the galaxies have OIII/Hb ratios which are very similar to previously studied z~2 galaxies and much higher than the typical emission-line ratios of local galaxies. The WFC3 grism allows for unique studies of spatial gradients in emission lines, and we stack the two-dimensional spectra of the galaxies for this purpose. In the stacked data the OIII emission line is more spatially concentrated than the Hb emission line with 98.1 confidence. We additionally stack the X-ray data (all sources are individually undetected), and find that the average L(OIII)/L(0.5-10 keV) ratio is intermediate between typical z~0 obscured active galaxies and star-forming galaxies. Together the compactness of the stacked OIII spatial profile and the stacked X-ray data suggest that at least some of these low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies harbor weak active galactic nuclei.Comment: ApJ accepted. 8 pages, 6 figure

AEGIS: Demographics of X-ray and Optically Selected AGNs

We develop a new diagnostic method to classify galaxies into AGN hosts, star-forming galaxies, and absorption-dominated galaxies by combining the [O III]/Hbeta ratio with rest-frame U-B color. This can be used to robustly select AGNs in galaxy samples at intermediate redshifts (z<1). We compare the result of this optical AGN selection with X-ray selection using a sample of 3150 galaxies with 0.3<z<0.8 and I_AB<22, selected from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey and the All-wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). Among the 146 X-ray sources in this sample, 58% are classified optically as emission-line AGNs, the rest as star-forming galaxies or absorption-dominated galaxies. The latter are also known as "X-ray bright, optically normal galaxies" (XBONGs). Analysis of the relationship between optical emission lines and X-ray properties shows that the completeness of optical AGN selection suffers from dependence on the star formation rate and the quality of observed spectra. It also shows that XBONGs do not appear to be a physically distinct population from other X-ray detected, emission-line AGNs. On the other hand, X-ray AGN selection also has strong bias. About 2/3 of all emission-line AGNs at L_bol>10^44 erg/s in our sample are not detected in our 200 ks Chandra images, most likely due to moderate or heavy absorption by gas near the AGN. The 2--7 keV detection rate of Seyfert 2s at z~0.6 suggests that their column density distribution and Compton-thick fraction are similar to that of local Seyferts. Multiple sample selection techniques are needed to obtain as complete a sample as possible.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ. Version 2 matches the ApJ accepted version. Sec 3 was reorganized and partly rewritten with one additional figure (Fig.3

CANDELS: The progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies at z~2

We combine high-resolution HST/WFC3 images with multi-wavelength photometry to track the evolution of structure and activity of massive (log(M*) > 10) galaxies at redshifts z = 1.4 - 3 in two fields of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We detect compact, star-forming galaxies (cSFGs) whose number densities, masses, sizes, and star formation rates qualify them as likely progenitors of compact, quiescent, massive galaxies (cQGs) at z = 1.5 - 3. At z > 2 most cSFGs have specific star-formation rates (sSFR = 10^-9 yr^-1) half that of typical, massive SFGs at the same epoch, and host X-ray luminous AGN 30 times (~30%) more frequently. These properties suggest that cSFGs are formed by gas-rich processes (mergers or disk-instabilities) that induce a compact starburst and feed an AGN, which, in turn, quench the star formation on dynamical timescales (few 10^8 yr). The cSFGs are continuously being formed at z = 2 - 3 and fade to cQGs by z = 1.5. After this epoch, cSFGs are rare, thereby truncating the formation of new cQGs. Meanwhile, down to z = 1, existing cQGs continue to enlarge to match local QGs in size, while less-gas-rich mergers and other secular mechanisms shepherd (larger) SFGs as later arrivals to the red sequence. In summary, we propose two evolutionary scenarios of QG formation: an early (z > 2), fast-formation path of rapidly-quenched cSFGs that evolve into cQGs that later enlarge within the quiescent phase, and a slow, late-arrival (z < 2) path for SFGs to form QGs without passing through a compact state.Comment: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters, 6 pages, 4 figure