Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hypertrophic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Critically Ill Patients

Las miocardiopatías son un grupo variado de enfermedades. Entre las miocardiopatías más conocidas encontramos a la miocardiopatía hipertrófica y dilatada. En la miocardiopatía hipertrófica encontramos una hipertrofia ventricular preferiblemente del ventrículo izquierdo. En cambio, la miocardiopatía dilatada se caracteriza por una dilatación y deterioro de la función ventricular izquierda o de ambos ventrículos. Para su diagnóstico, la RM ha llegado a ser la referencia en la evaluación de los volúmenes y la función ventricular izquierda y derecha, permitiendo además identificar la contractilidad regional e identificar áreas de miocardio no viable con mayor sensibilidad que los estudios isotópicos. Por ello, hemos realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica dando como resultado diferentes reportes de casos en los que la RM ha resultado de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico de la miocardiopatía hipertrófica y dilatada. Por ende, podemos concluir que su utilidad en el área de cardiología permite una mayor precisión en cuanto a masa, volumen y función contráctil del ventrículo izquierdo en estos tipos de miocardiopatías.Cardiomyopathies are a diverse group of diseases. Among the most well-known cardiomyopathies is hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we find ventricular hypertrophy, preferably of the left ventricle. Dilated cardiomyopathy, on the other hand, is characterized by dilation and impairment of left ventricular function or both ventricles. For its diagnosis, MRI has become the reference in the evaluation of left and right ventricular volumes and function, also allowing the identification of regional contractility and the identification of areas of non-viable myocardium with greater sensitivity than isotopic studies. For this reason, we have carried out a bibliographic search resulting in different case reports in which MRI has been very useful in the diagnosis of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, we can conclude that its usefulness in the area of cardiology allows a ..

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 9

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 9, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Algunas reflexiones sobre fragmentación y sus retos para la investigación

Fragmentation and habitat loss are some of the major threats to biodiversity, altered ecological processes important for the regulation of ecosystems that may eventually be associated to processes of species extinction. The response of the species to these phenomena occurs at different scales of space-time, making the study of fragmentation and its effect on species in a challenge and an urgent need for the conservation. In this sense this article examines the fragmentation impacts on the ecological interactions, organizational levels and at the same time, we evaluate in a general way the state of the research on the topic in Latin America.  La fragmentación y pérdida de hábitat son unas de las principales amenazas para la biodiversidad; estas alteran procesos ecológicos importantes para la regulación de los ecosistemas que eventualmente pueden estar asociados a procesos de extinción de especies. La respuesta de las especies a estos fenómenos se da a diferentes escalas espaciotemporales, convirtiendo el estudio de la fragmentación y su efecto sobre las especies en un reto y una necesidad urgente para la conservación de las mismas. En este sentido el presente artículo examina el efecto de la fragmentación sobre las interacciones ecológicas, niveles organizacionales, al tiempo que se evalúa de manera general el estado de la investigación sobre el tema en Latinoamérica.

Mariposas Ithomiini (Nymphalidae) en un fragmento de bosque seco tropical del Valle del Cauca, Colombia

We describe the structure of the Ithomiini butterfly community in a tropical dry forest fragment in the Río Cauca Valley, Colombia. We assessed the impact of two climatic seasons on their abundance, and used wing condition to estimate age structure. We recorded 11 species in six months (March to August, 2019). The most abundant species were Mechanitis menapis, Mechanitis polymnia and Tithorea harmonia, accounting for 85 % of the relative abundance; there were no significant changes in abundance patterns, when compared with previous studies. In both cases, the correlation between climate factors and butterfly abundance is significant. Species turnover was not affected by climatic season.Caracterizamos la estructura de la comunidad de mariposas Ithomiini en un remanente de bosque seco tropical del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, donde evaluamos los efectos de las variaciones climáticas sobre la abundancia. Estimamos la estructura de edades de los adultos evaluando el nivel de desgaste alar. Registramos once especies entre marzo y agosto de 2019. Las especies más abundantes fueron Mechanitis menapis, Mechanitis polymnia y Tithorea harmonia que representaron el 85 % de la abundancia relativa; no hubo variaciones significativas en los patrones de abundancia al comparar los resultados con estudios previos. La correlación entre las condiciones climáticas y la abundancia de mariposas fue significativa en ambos casos. Determinamos que el recambio de especies en la comunidad no es afectado por la temporada climática