Host and guest joining forces : a holistic approach for metal-organic frameworks in nonlinear optics

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are interesting candidates for applications in nonlinear optics (NLO). However, current design strategies for MOFs in NLO are typically limited to either engineering the MOF itself or using the MOF to align NLO-active molecules within its pores. But more design factors can be considered when engineering MOFs and choosing guest molecules. The NLO emission of the host and guests can be combined instead of using only either one of the two. The interaction between the host and guest can be a source for further improvement by changing the symmetry, dipole moment, bond lengths, charge distribution, etc. Additionally, unstable NLO molecules can potentially be stabilized by accommodation in the MOF. Here, we demonstrate a new strategy for MOFs by combining MOF-177 as a host and Li@C-60 as a guest for NLO, meaning that both the MOF itself as well as the guest molecules are emitting NLO signals, as well as further increasing the emission using their interaction elongating bonds within the MOF, thus fully using the MOF's potential for second harmonic generation. Using this approach, the overall emission can be boosted by 40% compared to MOF-177 alone. Furthermore, the accommodation into MOF-177 stabilizes Li@C-60 that is normally unstable under ambient conditions without a counterion

Development and characterization of BODIPY-derived tracers for fluorescent labeling of the endoplasmic reticulum

Visualization of the structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in living cells is important for the understanding of its function. Here we synthesized a library of 8-BODIPY labeled hydroxyquinoline derivatives and evaluated their spectroscopic properties, cytotoxicity, and intracellular localization. The compounds were easily obtained in 34–80% yield. Based on the spectral properties and low cytotoxicity, we selected the quinolin-8-yl pentanoate derivative 17 for in vivo labeling of the ER. Fluorescence staining of the ER was evaluated by comparison with a commercial ER tracker. The molecules here developed are smaller than the alternatives commercially available while still presenting a high specificity towards the ER.status: publishe

Riding the Sixth Wave: Renewable Energy and Nanotechnology Patents

Book synopsis: This volume is number ten in the 11-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. While there are many examples were a science split from philosophy and became autonomous (such as physics with Newton and biology with Darwin), and while there are, perhaps, topics that are of exclusively philosophical interest, inductive logic - as this handbook attests - is a research field where philosophers and scientists fruitfully and constructively interact. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in Inductive Logic, including probability theory and decision theory. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in the history of logic, the history of philosophy, and any discipline, such as mathematics, computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration