736 research outputs found
Computer simulation of two continuous spin models using Wang-Landau-Transition-Matrix Monte Carlo Algorithm
Monte Carlo simulation using a combination of Wang Landau (WL) and Transition
Matrix (TM) Monte Carlo algorithms to simulate two lattice spin models with
continuous energy is described. One of the models, the one dimensional
Lebwohl-Lasher model has an exact solution and we have used this to test the
performance of the mixed algorithm (WLTM). The other system we have worked on
is the two dimensional XY-model. The purpose of the present work is to test the
performance of the WLTM algorithm in continuous models and to suggest methods
for obtaining best results in such systems using this algorithm.Comment: 29 pages, 15 figure
Convergence and Refinement of the Wang-Landau Algorithm
Recently, Wang and Landau proposed a new random walk algorithm that can be
very efficiently applied to many problems. Subsequently, there has been
numerous studies on the algorithm itself and many proposals for improvements
were put forward. However, fundamental questions such as what determines the
rate of convergence has not been answered. To understand the mechanism behind
the Wang-Landau method, we did an error analysis and found that a steady state
is reached where the fluctuations in the accumulated energy histogram saturate
at values proportional to . This value is closely related to
the error corrections to the Wang-Landau method. We also study the rate of
convergence using different "tuning" parameters in the algorithm.Comment: 6 pages, submitted to Comp. Phys. Com
On the Wang-Landau Method for Off-Lattice Simulations in the "Uniform" Ensemble
We present a rigorous derivation for off-lattice implementations of the
so-called "random-walk" algorithm recently introduced by Wang and Landau [PRL
86, 2050 (2001)]. Originally developed for discrete systems, the algorithm
samples configurations according to their inverse density of states using
Monte-Carlo moves; the estimate for the density of states is refined at each
simulation step and is ultimately used to calculate thermodynamic properties.
We present an implementation for atomic systems based on a rigorous separation
of kinetic and configurational contributions to the density of states. By
constructing a "uniform" ensemble for configurational degrees of freedom--in
which all potential energies, volumes, and numbers of particles are equally
probable--we establish a framework for the correct implementation of simulation
acceptance criteria and calculation of thermodynamic averages in the continuum
case. To demonstrate the generality of our approach, we perform sample
calculations for the Lennard-Jones fluid using two implementation variants and
in both cases find good agreement with established literature values for the
vapor-liquid coexistence locus.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Effect of Volume and Temperature on the Global and Segmental Dynamics in Polypropylene Glycol and 1,4-polyisoprene
Published dielectric relaxation measurements on polypropylene glycol and
1,4-polyisoprene are analyzed to determine the relative effect that thermal
energy and volume have on the temperature dependence of the normal mode
relaxation times, and compare this to their effect on the temperature
dependence of the local segmental relaxation times. We find that for both
polymers at temperatures well above Tg, both relaxation modes are governed more
by thermal energy than by volume, although the latter's contribution is not
negligible. Such a result is consistent with an assumption underlying models
for polymer viscoelasticity, such as the Rouse and tube models, that the
friction coefficient governing motions over large length scales can be
identified with the local segmental friction coefficient. We also show that
relaxation data for both the segmental and the normal mode superimpose, when
expressed as a function of the product of the temperature and the volume, the
latter raised to a power. This scaling form arises from an inverse power form
for the intermolecular potential. The value of the exponent on the volume for
these two polymers indicates a relatively "soft" potential.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Brief communication: Chronic undernutrition is associated with higher mucosal antibody levels among ariaal infants of northern kenya
The immune activation that occurs with infection diverts energy from growth and can contribute to poor nutritional outcomes in developing infants and children. This study investigates the association between salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels and growth outcomes among Ariaal infants of northern Kenya. The Ariaal are a group of settled northern Kenyan pastoralists who are under considerable nutritional stress. Two hundred and thirtyânine breastfeeding Ariaal infants were recruited into the study and underwent anthropometric measurement and saliva collection, with mothers providing individual and household characteristics for them via questionnaire. Infant saliva samples were analyzed with an ELISA for IgA in the United States. Infant anthropometric measurements were converted to heightâforâage z âscores (HAZ) using the WHO Child Growth Standards. Based on multivariate models performed in SAS 9.2 two main results emerge: 1) low HAZ, an indicator of chronic undernutrition, was significantly associated with higher IgA concentration (ÎČ = â0.12, P = 0.050) and 2) boys had significantly higher IgA levels than girls (ÎČ = 0.25, P = 0.039). Although there was not a significant interactive effect between HAZ and sex, the two variables confound each other, with boys having significantly lower HAZ values than girls do. In addition, maternal breastmilk IgA was significantly associated with infant salivary IgA, indicating that maternal effects play a role in infant IgA development. Future research will unravel the threeâway association between sex, stunting, and immune function in the Ariaal community. Am J PhyAnthropol 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93535/1/22108_ftp.pd
Isotropic soft-core potentials with two characteristic length scales and anomalous behaviour
Isotropic soft-core potentials with two characteristic length scales have
been used since 40 years to describe systems with polymorphism. In the recent
years intense research is showing that these potentials also display
polyamorphism and several anomalies, including structural, diffusion and
density anomaly. These anomalies occur in a hierarchy that resembles the
anomalies of water. However, the absence of directional bonding in these
isotropic potentials makes them different from water. Other systems, such as
colloidal suspensions, protein solutions or liquid metals, can be well
described by these family of potentials, opening the possibility of studying
the mechanism generating the polyamorphism and anomalies in these complex
liquids
First-order transition features of the triangular Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions
We implement a new and accurate numerical entropic scheme to investigate the
first-order transition features of the triangular Ising model with
nearest-neighbor () and next-nearest-neighbor ()
antiferromagnetic interactions in ratio . Important aspects
of the existing theories of first-order transitions are briefly reviewed,
tested on this model, and compared with previous work on the Potts model. Using
lattices with linear sizes and 480 we
estimate the thermal characteristics of the present weak first-order
transition. Our results improve the original estimates of Rastelli et al. and
verify all the generally accepted predictions of the finite-size scaling theory
of first-order transitions, including transition point shifts, thermal, and
magnetic anomalies. However, two of our findings are not compatible with
current phenomenological expectations. The behavior of transition points,
derived from the number-of-phases parameter, is not in accordance with the
theoretically conjectured exponentially small shift behavior and the well-known
double Gaussian approximation does not correctly describe higher correction
terms of the energy cumulants. It is argued that this discrepancy has its
origin in the commonly neglected contributions from domain wall corrections.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figure
An effective all-atom potential for proteins
We describe and test an implicit solvent all-atom potential for simulations
of protein folding and aggregation. The potential is developed through studies
of structural and thermodynamic properties of 17 peptides with diverse
secondary structure. Results obtained using the final form of the potential are
presented for all these peptides. The same model, with unchanged parameters, is
furthermore applied to a heterodimeric coiled-coil system, a mixed alpha/beta
protein and a three-helix-bundle protein, with very good results. The
computational efficiency of the potential makes it possible to investigate the
free-energy landscape of these 49--67-residue systems with high statistical
accuracy, using only modest computational resources by today's standards
Relationship between Structure, Entropy and Diffusivity in Water and Water-like Liquids
Anomalous behaviour of the excess entropy () and the associated scaling
relationship with diffusivity are compared in liquids with very different
underlying interactions but similar water-like anomalies: water (SPC/E and
TIP3P models), tetrahedral ionic melts (SiO and BeF) and a fluid with
core-softened, two-scale ramp (2SRP) interactions. We demonstrate the presence
of an excess entropy anomaly in the two water models. Using length and energy
scales appropriate for onset of anomalous behaviour, the density range of the
excess entropy anomaly is shown to be much narrower in water than in ionic
melts or the 2SRP fluid. While the reduced diffusivities () conform to the
excess entropy scaling relation, for all the systems
(Y. Rosenfeld, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 1977}, {\it 15}, 2545), the exponential
scaling parameter, , shows a small isochore-dependence in the case of
water. Replacing by pair correlation-based approximants accentuates the
isochore-dependence of the diffusivity scaling. Isochores with similar
diffusivity scaling parameters are shown to have the temperature dependence of
the corresponding entropic contribution. The relationship between diffusivity,
excess entropy and pair correlation approximants to the excess entropy are very
similar in all the tetrahedral liquids.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Journal of Physical Chemistry
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