A Note on Extreme Sets

In decomposition theory, extreme sets have been studied extensively due to its connection to perfect matchings in a graph. In this paper, we first define extreme sets with respect to degree-matchings and next investigate some of their properties. In particular, we prove the generalized Decomposition Theorem and give a characterization for the set of all extreme vertices in a graph

Small residues inhibit homo-dimerization of the human carbonic anhydrase XII transmembrane domain

Amino acids with small side chains and motifs of small residues in a distance of four are rather abundant in human single-span transmembrane helices. While interaction of such helices appears to be common, the role of the small residues in mediating and/or stabilizing transmembrane helix oligomers remains mostly elusive. Yet, the mere existence of (small)xxx(small) motifs in transmembrane helices is frequently used to model dimeric TM helix structures. The single transmembrane helix of the human carbonic anhydrases XII contains a large number of amino acids with small side chains, and critical involvement of these small amino acids in dimerization of the transmembrane domain has been suggested. Using the GALLEX assay, we show here that the transmembrane domain indeed forms a strong transmembrane helix oligomer within a biological membrane. However, single or multiple mutations of small residue(s) to isoleucine almost always increased, rather than decreased, the interaction propensities. Reduction of helix flexibility and of protein–lipid contacts caused by a reduced lipid accessible surface area likely results in stabilization of helix–helix interactions within the membrane

Applications of matching theory in constraint programming

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The rise of Euroscepticism on the political scene in Poland – the case of the party Law and Justice

The aim of this article is to analyse the growing phenomenon of Euroscepticism on the political scene in Poland, taking into account the power of the ruling coalition headed by the Law and Justice party. For this purpose, after a brief discussion on the theoretical framework of Euroscepticism, in order to find the reasons for the rise of this phenomenon in Poland in recent years, the current context of the government's relationship with the European Union (EU) is analysed. Consequently, by analysing the political programmes of the Law and Justice party and statements of political actors associated with the main ruling party in Poland, the author verifies the upward trend in unfavourable attitudes towards the EU by current government, as well as consistently appearing considerations of leaving the EU (“Polexit”)

The role of Tai Chi in managing Parkinson's disease: A review of therapeutic mechanisms and clinical outcomes

Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese martial art characterized by maintaining postures and performing slow, fluid movements. This exercise involves actions like extending the knees and hips, shifting weight, flexing, rotating the trunk, and coordinating arm movements. All of this improves balance, motor coordination, and also mental stability. In this review, we explore the relationship between practicing Tai Chi and the improvement of physical abilities in individuals with Parkinson's Disease. We will also compare Tai Chi to other alternative methods for improving physical abilities

A unifying mechanism for the biogenesis of membrane proteins co-operatively integrated by the Sec and Tat pathways

The majority of multi-spanning membrane proteins are co-translationally inserted into the bilayer by the Sec pathway. An important subset of membrane proteins have globular, cofactor-containing extracytoplasmic domains requiring the dual action of the co-translational Sec and post-translational Tat pathways for integration. Here, we identify further unexplored families of membrane proteins that are dual Sec-Tat-targeted. We establish that a predicted heme-molybdenum cofactor-containing protein, and a complex polyferredoxin, each require the concerted action of two translocases for their assembly. We determine that the mechanism of handover from Sec to Tat pathway requires the relatively low hydrophobicity of the Tat-dependent transmembrane domain. This, coupled with the presence of C-terminal positive charges, results in abortive insertion of this transmembrane domain by the Sec pathway and its subsequent release at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Together, our data points to a simple unifying mechanism governing the assembly of dual targeted membrane proteins.</jats:p

Gastric antral vascular ectasia, also known as watermelon stomach - diagnosis and treatment

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), also referred to as watermelon stomach is a rare disease accounting for about 4% of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It can manifest as occult bleeding requiring transfusion or acute gastrointestinal bleeding. This condition often coexists with liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases, heart failure, in patients post-bone marrow transplantation, or kidney failure. It is crucial to differentiate GAVE from portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG), because despite a similar clinical presentation, the treatment for these conditions is different. Endoscopic diagnosis is necessary and in some cases, it may require further investigation and histopathological examination of the biopsy. Treatment is administered to patients with bleeding symptoms. Currently, the most commonly used treatment method is endoscopic thermal ablation using argon plasma coagulation. The focus of this work is to present essential information regarding the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of watermelon stomach

Managment of acute esophageal variceal bleeding

Krwawienie z żylaków przełyku jest poważnym powikłaniem nadciśnienia wrotnego spowodowanego marskością wątroby. Cele leczenia tej choroby obejmują kontrolę krwotoku, minimalizację ryzyka ponownego krwawienia, zapobieganie powikłaniom i zmniejszenie śmiertelności, co wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego. W ostrych epizodach interwencje obejmują leki wazoaktywne, antybiotyki i techniki endoskopowe. Klasyfikacja pacjentów przy użyciu gradientu ciśnienia żylnego wątroby (HVPG) i systemów punktacji pomaga w stratyfikacji ryzyka i szybkiej interwencji. Z farmakologicznego punktu widzenia leki wazoaktywne odgrywają kluczową rolę, a nowe strategie, takie jak transfuzja pod kontrolą TEG i wczesne TIPS, przyczyniają się do ewolucji standardów. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach nastąpił znaczny postęp w leczeniu krwawień z żylaków przełyku, poprawiający wyniki i udoskonalający podejścia terapeutyczne

The role of nutritional treatment in postsurgical convalescence process

The article discusses the importance of adequate nutrition for patients suffering from serious illnesses, such as those requiring surgery. Despite medical advances, malnutrition remains a challenge for practitioners. The authors described the importance of nutritional support for patients in critical care, short bowel syndrome and after bariatric surgery. The text highlights the difficulties and challenges of nutritional treatment, such as malnutrition, overweight, and the need to adapt nutritional practices to the latest guidelines and research. The article also emphasizes the importance of educating patients about the benefits of nutritional treatment and the need for access to dietary counseling at every stage of the disease. The role of artificial intelligence in nutritional treatment and the need for further research and innovation in this area are also addressed. The paper describes the different methods of nutrition - enteral and parenteral, their advantages and risks, and notes the need for an individualized approach to each patient, taking into account their condition, age, gender, height and weight. &nbsp;Ultimately, the article emphasizes the importance of access to health care and education to increase the effectiveness of nutrition treatment