Complexity of Fetal Movement Detection Using a Single Doppler Ultrasound Transducer

The objective of this paper is to discuss the complexity of fetal movement detection encountered during development and implementation of an automated single Doppler ultrasonic transducer based instrument. The single transducer instrument was intended to better quantify the duration, velocity, and magnitude of fetal movements. A Corometrics Model 116 fetal heart rate monitor was modified, and a fetal movement detection algorithm (Russell Algorithm) was developed to detect fetal movements on one and two (data fusion) transducers. A Hewlett-Packard (HP) M-1350-A fetal monitor and the Russell Algorithm were used to detect and record fetal movements concurrently on sixty patients between the gestation ages of31 to 41 weeks. Using a computer-controlled SVHS PC-VCR, the instrumental detection of fetal movements was time-linked with real-time video ultrasound. This allowed the fetal movements to be scored by expert examiners on a second-per-second basis. A total of 52,478 seconds of fetal movements was scored using this system. Neither system could accurately define the entire duration, velocity, or magnitude of the fetal movements as detected by real-time ultrasound. The complexity of detecting fetal movements using only one transducer has many shortcomings, such as: the amplitude of the returning Doppler signal, the small area of the fetus monitored by a single transducer, the position of the fetus, the type and variety of fetal movements, and material size and shape

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Effects of globalization on geography education in universities in Turkey

Küreselleşme en basit tanımıyla uluslararası ilişkilerin, iletişim ve ulaşım teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle mal, hizmet, bilgi ve insanın dünya çapındaki hareketliliğinde meydana gelen yaygınlaşmadır. Yer ile ilgili ilk genellemelerin yapılması (ilk dünya haritasının çizilmesi, coğrafi keşifler vb.) ile küreselleşmenin başladığı ve sanayi devrimi ile ivme kazandığı söylenebilir. Ancak küreselleşmeyi asıl önemli yapan 1980?li yılların başlarından beri uluslar arası ilişkilerin (ekonomik, siyasi kültürel vb.) gelişmesi, üretim, ulaşım ve iletişim teknolojilerinde meydana gelen hızlı gelişmelerin sonucunda küresel boyutta yaşanan değişimdir._x000B_Küreselleşmenin en fazla etkili olduğu alanlardan biri de eğitim sektörüdür. Yetiştirilecek bireylerin küresel etkilere ayak uydurması gereklidir. Küresel değerleri kavrayabilen, ulusal değerleri koruyan bireylerin yetiştirilmesi eğitim faaliyetleri ile gerçekleştirilebilmektedir._x000B_Küreselleşmenin üniversitelerimizdeki coğrafya eğitimi üzerinde de kaçınılmaz etkileri olmuştur. Osmanlı Devletinde cılız da olsa başlayan bu etkiler Cumhuriyetin kurulması ve İkinci Dünya Savaşının başlamasıyla ilerlemeye başlamıştır. Küresel boyutta 1980?li yıllardan itibaren uygulanan siyasi ve ekonomik politikalar küreselleşmenin coğrafya bölümlerimiz üzerindeki etkilerini daha da arttırmıştır. 1990?lı yıllardan günümüze soğuk savaşın sona ermesi ve ülkemizin Avrupa Birliğine girme çalışmalarının hız kazanması ile yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır._x000B_Ülkemiz üniversitelerinde coğrafyanın tarihsel gelişimi ve kuruluşu, eğitim programları, akademik personel, akademik coğrafya yayınları, ders araç gereçleri, coğrafya eğitim ve öğretiminde internet kullanımı, yabancı dil öğrenimi, yabancı üniversitelerin coğrafya bölümleri ile işbirliği gibi alanlarda küreselleşmenin etkilerinin daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak coğrafya bölümlerinin yapısı, akademik coğrafya dergileri, coğrafya mesleği gibi alanlarda küreselleşmenin daha az etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır._x000B_Küreselleşmenin etkilerinden üniversitelerimizin her bir coğrafya bölümü kendilerine özgü koşuları ile etkilenmektedir. Küreselleşmenin üniversitelerimizdeki coğrafya eğitimi üzerine etkilerine odaklanarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile küreselleşmenin üniversitelerimizdeki coğrafya eğitimi üzerine etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. The simplest definition of globalization of international relations, communications and transportation technology to the progress of goods, services, informations and human commonly occurring in the worldwide mobility. The first place to make generalizations of (the first to draw the world map, geographical discoveries, etc..) And globalization and the industrial revolution began with the impetus it can be said. However, globalization actually makes important since the early 1980s, international relations (economic, political, cultural, etc..) Development, production, transportation and communication technologies developments occurring as a result of rapid changes in global dimension is._x000B_The most effective area of globalization is one of the education sector. Individuals will be trained to keep pace with global effects is required. Global values can comprehend, national values that protect individuals' upbringing and education activities can be carried out. Therefore, inter-university cooperation and student exchange programs, development of teaching staff has been implemented. Thus, our education system to provide global integration and global minimization of adverse effects has been to provide._x000B_Effects of Globalization had an inevitable impact on our universities geography education. Although the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of this puny impact on the establishment of the Republic and the start of the Second World War began to increase. Applied at a global level since the 1980s political and economic policies of globalization and the impact of geography departments has further increased. 1990s to today the end of the cold war and our country's entry into the European Union to accelerate efforts gained a new dimension._x000B_At the universities of our country's geography and historical development organizations, educational programs, academic personnel, academic geography publications, course tools, geography education and training in the use of the internet, foreign language learning, foreign universities with geography departments cooperate in areas such as effects of globalization is more than can be seen. However, part of the structure of geography, geography of the academic journals, professional areas such as geography of globalization is understood to be less effective._x000B_Effects of globalization on the our universities geography departments each with its own specific conditions are affected. Effects of globalization on education geography by focusing in our universities conducted this study in our universities and globalization effects on geography education is trying to reveal

Characterizing the Propagation of Uterine Electrophysiological Signals Recorded with a Multi-Sensor Abdominal Array in Term Pregnancies - Fig 3

<p><b>(a)</b> Front view of the SARA sensors and partitioning in four quadrants. An example of connectivity (lines) between quadrants and COGs (green dots) for Subject 202. <b>(b)</b> Plot showing the distance between COGs between quadrants and detected delay for each connection. <b>(c)</b> The table below provides the average values of delay and propagation speeds between quadrants.</p