2,439 research outputs found
Mechanical pruning and soil organic amendments in vineyards of Syrah: effects on grape composition
Aim: The interaction of mechanized pruning systems and soil organic amendment can increase vine productivity.
However, since the increase in p
roductivity may affect grape composition, this study aimed to understand the effects of the interaction between these
two practices.
Methods and materials: Two field trials were implemented in Shiraz vineyards in two different wine regions.
Mechanical hedge pruning was compared with hand spur pruning and four different organic amendments were tested:
biochar, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure and sewage sludge.
Results: Mechanical pruning reduced the total soluble solids (TSS) and pH of the grapes, but had no effects on the other
variables. Organic amendments also reduced TSS, especially sewage sludge, and tended to reduce total anthocyanins
and total phenols. The effect of the interaction between both factors on grape composition was never significant.
A negative relationship between yield and TSS was observed, while titratable acidity had no relationship with yield.
Total anthocyanins were also negatively related to yield. A positive relation between TSS and total anthocyanins was
also observed.
Conclusions: The results show that the combination of mechanical pruning and soil organic amendment is a powerful
tool for increasing productivity, but it has some effects on grape composition.
Significance and impact of study: The reduction in some fruit composition variables showed that, while mechanical
pruning does not significantly affect grape composition, the choice of type and amount of organic amendment will
depend on the destination of the grapesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mechanical pruning and soil organic amending in two terroirs. Effects on wine chemical composition and sensory profile
The knowledge about the interaction between mechanical pruning and soil organic amending is still
scarce. This study aimed to examine the effects of the interaction between these two practices on wine quality. Syrah
grapes from two trial fields in Portugal subjected to two different pruning systems (mechanical pruning; hand spur
pruning) and five different organic amendment treatments (control, biochar, municipal solid waste compost, cattle
manure, and sewage sludge) were harvested and vinified for four years. Mechanical pruning significantly reduced
wine alcoholic strength, pH, and total anthocyanins. Mechanical pruning and organic amendments, tendentially
reduced wine total phenols and tannin power, known as an âestimation of the astringency potential of the winesâ.
Tasters found low but significant differences in global appreciation with the pruning system. Sludge tended to reduce
wine global appreciation more than municipal solid waste compost and cattle manure, while biochar had no effect
on tastersâ preference when compared to the control. There was strong relation between yield and tastersâ preference
only above 6 kg/vine and 8 kg/vine depending on the terroir. Mechanical pruning tendentially has significant
effects on wine quality when yield raises above a certain level. Thus, with this pruning system, the choice of the
organic amendment and its amount must be done considering the destiny of the produced grapes. To the best of our
knowledge, effects of the interaction of mechanical pruning with soil organic amending on wine quality are a noveltyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Towards a generalised metaheuristic model for continuous optimisation problems
Metaheuristics have become a widely used approach for solving a variety of practical
problems. The literature is full of diverse metaheuristics based on outstanding ideas and with proven
excellent capabilities. Nonetheless, oftentimes metaheuristics claim novelty when they are just
recombining elements from other methods. Hence, the need for a standard metaheuristic model is
vital to stop the current frenetic tendency of proposing methods chiefly based on their inspirational
source. This work introduces a first step to a generalised and mathematically formal metaheuristic
model, which can be used for studying and improving them. This model is based on a scheme
of simple heuristics, which perform as building blocks that can be modified depending on the
application. For this purpose, we define and detail all components and concepts of a metaheuristic
(i.e., its search operators), such as heuristics. Furthermore, we also provide some ideas to take into
account for exploring other search operator configurations in the future. To illustrate the proposed
model, we analyse search operators from four well-known metaheuristics employed in continuous
optimisation problems as a proof-of-concept. From them, we derive 20 different approaches and use
them for solving some benchmark functions with different landscapes. Data show the remarkable
capability of our methodology for building metaheuristics and detecting which operator to choose
depending on the problem to solve. Moreover, we outline and discuss several future extensions of
this model to various problem and solver domains.The Research Group in Intelligent Systems at the TecnolĂłgico de Monterrey (MĂŠxico), the Project TEC-Chinese Academy of Sciences, and by the CONACyT Basic Science Project.http://www.mdpi.com/journal/mathematicsam2021Computer Scienc
Atlantic mammal traits: a dataset of morphological traits of mammals in the atlantic forest of south America
Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species-level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species, but also within species. Mammals are an interesting group for investigating trait-based approaches because they play diverse and important ecological functions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, predation, grazing) that are correlated with functional traits. Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from â5.83 to â29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and â34.82 to â56.73 decimal degrees of longitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individuals of 181 species of non-volant mammals (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Carnivora, Primates, Cingulata, Artiodactyla, Pilosa, Lagomorpha, Perissodactyla) and from 23,010 individuals of 98 species of volant mammals (Chiroptera). The traits reported include body mass, age, sex, reproductive stage, as well as the geographic coordinates of sampling for all taxa. Moreover, we gathered information on forearm length for bats and body length and tail length for rodents and marsupials. No copyright restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.Fil: Gonçalves, Fernando. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bovendorp, Ricardo S.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Beca, Gabrielle. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bello, Carolina. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Costa Pereira, Raul. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Muylaert, Renata L.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Rodarte, Raisa R.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Villar, Nacho. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Souza, Rafael. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Graipel, MaurĂcio E.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cherem, Jorge J.. Caipora Cooperativa, Florianopolis; BrasilFil: Faria, Deborah. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Baumgarten, Julio. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Alvarez, MartĂn R.. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Vieira, Emerson M.. Universidade do BrasĂlia; BrasilFil: CĂĄceres, Nilton. Universidade Federal de Santa MarĂa. Santa MarĂa; BrasilFil: Pardini, Renata. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Leite, Yuri L. R.. Universidade Federal do EspĂrito Santo; BrasilFil: Costa, Leonora Pires. Universidade Federal do EspĂrito Santo; BrasilFil: Mello, Marco Aurelio Ribeiro. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Fischer, Erich. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Passos, Fernando C.. Universidade Federal do ParanĂĄ; BrasilFil: Varzinczak, Luiz H.. Universidade Federal do ParanĂĄ; BrasilFil: Prevedello, Jayme A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cruz-Neto, Ariovaldo P.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Fernando. Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; BrasilFil: Reis Percequillo, Alexandre. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Paviolo, Agustin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂş | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂş; ArgentinaFil: Duarte, JosĂŠ M. B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil. FundaciĂłn Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Bernard, Enrico. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Agostini, Ilaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂş | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂş; ArgentinaFil: Lamattina, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la NaciĂłn; ArgentinaFil: Vanderhoeven, Ezequiel Andres. Ministerio de Salud de la NaciĂłn; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin
Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay
channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7
TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector,
and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No
significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper
limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the
standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at
95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE
Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state
A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a
Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are
sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield
collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets.
The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing
suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a
data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits
in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and
branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for
a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any
enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for
t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version
includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu
Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation
Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks
produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in
2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of
the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or
electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a
simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of
fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses
below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal
mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass
difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses
of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results
significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of
fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in
proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS
experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse
femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons
or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating
from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The
measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/-
2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction
of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at 7 TeV
The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied
using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy
of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for
Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross
section with Z/gamma* to ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the
invariant mass 60 < M(ll) < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level
with pT > 25 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and
the jets of Delta R > 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.)
+(0.25)/-(0.55) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also
studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph
event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by
PYTHIA.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV
The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at
nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS
detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to
approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with
hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may
reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium.
The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating
charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the
energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision
centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the
observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum
around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the
decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range
measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
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