Evaluación de la cadera de amputados transfemorales durante contracción isométrica en dinamómetro isocinético

INTRODUÇÃO: A amputação transfemoral leva a uma série de alterações funcionais na biomecânica corporal que podem interferir no cotidiano do amputado, podendo gerar, ainda, padrões de postura e de marcha para compensar a perda do membro.OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar as respostas musculares do quadril de amputados transfemorais durante contrações isométricas, utilizando-se um dinamômetro isocinético.MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo quatro voluntários, sendo dois amputados e dois não amputados. Foi realizada avaliação isométrica no dinamômetro isocinético nas angulações de 30 e 60 graus com duração de 10 segundos. Cada série tinha um total de seis repetições, contabilizando três flexões e três extensões e um intervalo de 20 segundos para cada repetição.RESULTADOS: O membro amputado apresenta menor pico de torque em relação ao não amputado, tanto na flexão como extensão do quadril a 30 e a 60 graus.CONCLUSÃO: Devido à amputação, os indivíduos apresentam menor força muscular de quadril, fato que pode prejudicar as atividades diárias como caminhar, sentar e levantar, e subir e descer escadas.INTRODUCTION: Transfemoral amputation leads to a series of functional changes in the body biomechanics that can interfere with the daily life of the amputee, generating patterns of posture and gait to compensate for the loss of the limb.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate and compare the muscular responses of the hip during isometric contractions in transfemoral amputees, using an isokinetic dynamometer.METHOD: The study included four volunteers, two amputees and two non-amputees. Evaluation was performed using an isokinetic dynamometer in isometric angles of 30 and 60 degrees of 10 seconds duration. Each series was made of six repetitions, composed by three pushups and three extensions with a 20 seconds interval between each sequence.RESULTS: The amputated limb showed a lower peak torque compared to the non-amputee, both in flexion and in extension of the hip at 30 and 60 degrees.CONCLUSION: Due to amputation, individuals have less hip muscle strength, which may impair daily activities such as walking, sitting and standing, climbing and descending stairs.INTRODUCCIÓN: La amputación transfemoral lleva a una serie de alteraciones funcionales en la biomecánica corporal que pueden interferir en el cotidiano del amputado pudiendo generar, además, estándares de postura y de marcha para compensar la pérdida del miembro.OBJETIVO: Evaluar y comparar las respuestas musculares de la cadera de amputados transfemorales durante contracciones isométricas, utilizándose un dinamómetro isocinético.MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio cuatro voluntarios, siendo dos amputados y dos no amputados. Fue realizada evaluación isométrica en el dinamómetro isocinético en las angulaciones de 30 y 60 grados con duración de 10 segundos. Cada serie tenía un total de seis repeticiones, contabilizando tres flexiones y tres extensiones y un intervalo de 20 segundos para cada repetición.RESULTADOS: El miembro amputado presenta menor pico de torque en relación al no amputado, tanto en la flexión como extensión de la cadera a 30 y a 60 grados.CONCLUSIÓN: Debido a la amputación, los individuos presentan menor fuerza muscular de cadera, hecho que puede perjudicar las actividades diarias como caminar, sentarse y levantarse, subir y bajar escaleras

Alterações gastrointestinais no Diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática: Gastrointestinal alterations in Diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus pode levar a diversas alterações. Dentre elas, aquelas gastrointestinais, que acarretam inúmeros problemas ao indivíduo e sua qualidade de vida. Destaca-se, então, que compreender essas alterações constitui-se como de grande importância para que auxilie o indivíduo em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, questionando acerca das alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus, realizou-se o estudo. Objetivo: analisar através da literatura atual as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura, através da busca nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (Medline) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando-se os descritores em Saúde (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), como: Diabetes Mellitus, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus type 1, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gut Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Tract, GI Tract, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. Resultado: A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 10 artigos científicos, nos quais se evidenciou que além de afetar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes ocasiona diversas complicações. Assim, para auxílio deste indivíduo torna-se fundamental a manutenção de um bom controle glicêmico. Conclusão: Os artigos remeteram a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática, principalmente quanto a fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento das alterações gastrointestinais

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Voiding symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome in the elderly and their influence on quality of life

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, 2014.Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o impacto dos sintomas da bexiga hiperativa (BH) na qualidade de vida de idosas e avaliar a associação entre o grau de incômodo dos sintomas com aspectos clínicos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional analítico composto por 86 idosas, identificadas com síndrome da bexiga hiperativa (SBH) por meio do questionário Overactive Bladder Validated 8 (OAB-V8), a fim de investigar a qualidade de vida em relação aos sintomas miccionais da BH utilizando o questionário International Consultation On Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB). Investigou-se, adicionalmente, o estado nutricional, o histórico gestacional e o tipo de parto. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 68,8 anos. 60,5% das idosas apresentaram excesso de peso, 87,2% relataram histórico gestacional e 96% relataram parto vaginal. A pontuação média no ICIQ-OAB foi de 9,08 pontos indicando moderado comprometimento na qualidade de vida e a urgência miccional foi identificada como o sintoma de maior incômodo na escala de 0 a 10, com média de 7,76. Foi encontrada correlação positiva moderada apenas entre os incômodos da urgência e da noctúria (r=0,535; p<0,001) e ausência de diferença estatisticamente significativa do grau de incômodo dos sintomas miccionais entre grupos de idosas com BH categorizadas de acordo com o tipo de parto e com o estado nutricional. Conclusão: O presente estudo identificou expressivo incômodo dos sintomas miccionais entre idosas com BH e interferência negativa na qualidade de vida, especialmente decorrente da urgência miccional. Adicionalmente, não se observou diferenças no incômodo dos sintomas miccionais entre grupos de idosas com BH categorizadas de acordo com o tipo de parto e com o estado nutricional. ________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) in the quality of life of elderly and the association between the level of discomfort of symptoms with clinical aspects. Methods: This is an analytical observational cross-sectional study consisting of 86 elderly, identified with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) through the questionnaire Overactive Bladder Validated 8 (OAB-V8), to investigate the quality of life for symptoms micturition BH using the questionnaire International Consultation On Incontinence questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB). Investigated additionally, nutritional status, pregnancy history and the type of delivery. Results: The average age was 68.8 years. 60.5% of the elderly women showed overweight and 96% reported a history of vaginal birth. The average score on the ICIQ-OAB was 9.08 points indicating moderate impairment in quality of life and the urgency was rated as the most discomfort symptom on a scale of 0 to 10, with an average of 7.76. Moderate positive correlation was found only between the discomforts of urgency and nocturia (r = 0.535; p <0.001) and no statistically significant difference in the discomfort of voiding symptoms among elderly women groups with OAB categorized in accordance with the type of childbirth and nutritional status. Conclusion: This study identified significant discomfort of voiding symptoms among elderly people with OAB and harmful interference in quality of life, especially resulting from voiding urgency, in addition to not find differences in the discomfort of voiding symptoms among elderly women groups with OAB categorized in accordance with the type of childbirth and nutritional status